Il Nuovo Municipio di Civitella del Tronto - Progetto di adeguamento funzionale e prestazionale

Il seguente lavoro si inserisce all’interno del dibattito riguardante gli interventi sul patrimonio costruito dei centri storici minori, in cui il tema della tutela non riguarda tanto le singole emergenze architettoniche quanto l’intero edificato storico, nei suoi caratteri architettonici, tipologici e costruttivi. In questo contesto, il progetto di recupero deve cercare di conciliare la tutela dei caratteri storici con un processo trasformativo, capace di rispondere alle nuove esigenze di uso, prestazione, sicurezza e sostenibilità. È all’interno di questa tematica che si propone il caso studio della sede municipale di Civitella del Tronto, un complesso edilizio di originario impianto conventuale, prospicente la chiesa di San Francesco. Obiettivo del seguente lavoro è lo sviluppo di una proposta progettuale per la rifunzionalizzazione e il miglioramento prestazionale dell’aggregato edilizio e, più in generale, per la riqualificazione dell’area, prevedendo, insieme ai locali destinati alla pubblica amministrazione, nuovi spazi a servizio della comunità. In ragione delle importanti vulnerabilità strutturali e pure delle incongruenze architettoniche che sono emerse dall’analisi dello stato attuale, il progetto proposto segue una duplice linea di intervento: da un lato, limitatamente alle porzioni comprendenti alcune superfetazioni in c.c.a, quella della sostituzione, ossia della demolizione e ricostruzione, dall’altro, quella conservativa, finalizzata alla messa in sicurezza della parte storica. Entrambe le fasi di lavoro, sia la fase conoscitiva, di rilievo e analisi dello stato di fatto, che quella progettuale, saranno presentate con l’ausilio di elaborati grafici quali piante, sezioni, dettagli costruttivi e viste renderizzate.

Relazione geologica di accompagnamento al rilevamento geologico della zona del Passo Rolle (TN)

La relazione geologica avrà lo scopo di illustrare e spiegare i risultati del rilevamento geologico condotto in un areale di 3,4 km2 nella zona del Monte Castellazzo, immediatamente a NNE del Passo Rolle e circa 5 km a Nord di San Martino di Castrozza (TN). Il lavoro è stato svolto nel mese di giugno 2022, dal 18/06 al 25/06, e si inquadra nelle attività di Campo Geologico di fine triennio avente per obbiettivo, nel suo complesso, il rilevamento dell’intera area del Passo Rolle. In questo lavoro verranno evidenziate le principali caratteristiche geologico-strutturali dell’area in esame, ponendo maggior attenzione sull’individuazione e analisi delle singole unità litologiche cartografate. La relazione geologica accompagna la carta geologica (scala 1:7000) dell’areale di studio e la sezione geologica, ambedue in allegato, che mostrano l’andamento e la geometria dei corpi geologici con la profondità. Al termine del lavoro, come approfondimento, verrà descritta e caratterizzata la serie idrogeologica della zona in esame, andando ad individuare e descrivere i principali complessi idrogeologici presenti ed evidenziando le idrostrutture che possono condizionare la circolazione idrica sotterranea.

Rilevamento geologico della zona del Passo Rolle (TN) con elementi di geomeccanica

Nel lavoro vengono presentati i risultati del rilevamento geologico svolto nell'area di San Martino di Castrozza, nel mese di giugno 2022, durante il campo geologico. L'approfondimento tematico verte sull'analisi di stabilità di versante nel Monte Castellazzo. Gli studi sono stati accompagnati dal rilevamento geomeccanico che ha permesso di determinare i parametri necessari alla caratterizzazione dell'ammasso e alle verifiche cinematiche, e mediante un softwere di plottare i dati in degli stereoneit per definire gli eventi di instabilità associati ad ogni settore del Monte Castellazzo.

Utilizzo congiunto di aerofotogrammetria e Laser Scanner terrestre per il rilievo del torrente Ravone di Bologna

La città di Bologna è sicuramente famosa per le sue due torri, ma anche per la fitta rete idraulica ormai nascosta sotto le strade e sotto gli edifici. I primi canali di Bologna furono realizzati tra il XII e il XVI secolo a seguito della costruzione delle due opere fondamentali: le chiuse di San Ruffillo e di Casalecchio. Queste due opere di presa servivano e, servono ancora oggi, ad alimentare i canali del Navile, del Reno, del Savena, del Cavaticcio e delle Moline. Oltre a questi canali alimentati dalle acque dei fiumi, sotto la città di Bologna scorrono torrenti che drenano le acque prevalentemente meteoriche della zona pedecollinare della città, come ad esempio il torrente Ravone. Il presente lavoro di tesi ha come caso di studio proprio quest’ultimo. Il Ravone, in origine, scorreva a cielo aperto attraversando la città, ma per permettere l’urbanizzazione fuori dalle mura, è stato tombato in diversi tratti e in diverse epoche. La scarsità di informazioni riguardo la sua esatta posizione e la mancanza di elaborati grafici in grado di descriverne la sua geometria, ha spinto le autorità a richiedere un accurato rilievo al LARIG dell’UniBo. Le operazioni di rilievo si sono svolte con l’uso di tecniche geomatiche per la modellazione tridimensionale come l’aerofotogrammetria e l’acquisizione con laser scanner terrestre. Al fine di georeferenziare il dato acquisito, si è ricorso a tecniche di rilievo topografico come il posizionamento GNSS e la misurazione di angoli e distanze con stazione totale. I primi capitoli di questo elaborato sono dedicati alla descrizione dei fondamenti teorici della geodesia e delle tecniche di rilievo utilizzate per la restituzione del modello tridimensionale. Gli ultimi capitoli, invece, sono dedicati alla descrizione delle fasi di rilievo e all’analisi dei dati, dedicando particolare attenzione alla georeferenziazione delle nuvole di punti acquisite in ambienti confinati, come i tratti tombati del torrente Ravone.

Sviluppare le competenze trasversali tra gli studenti: progettazione di un MINOR “Be Entrepreneurial Aware STudent – BE(A)ST"

La volontà da parte degli studenti di acquisire maggiore consapevolezza rispetto ai loro interessi, da poter sfruttare nel percorso professionale post-laurea, non riesce a trovare fondamento all’interno di percorsi di apprendimento preconfezionati. Attraverso l’analisi delle esigenze degli studenti, la loro profilazione in personas e l’analisi del contesto imprenditoriale, nello specifico all’interno dell’ecosistema delle StartUp, l’elaborato propone la progettazione di un minor in entrepreneurship presso l’Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, offrendo una modalità di implementazione di supporto per gli stessi scopi all’interno di altri Atenei, fornendo un metodo e delle linee guida di supporto al progettista. Fondamentali strumenti per l’analisi e la progettazione sono stati il Design Thinking e il Personal Business Model Canvas.

Scorpion sting epidemiology in Montes municipality of the State of Sucre, Venezuela: geographic distribution

Scorpion stings were surveyed in the Montes Municipality of the State of Sucre, Venezuela, aiming to extend the information on these poisonous accidents by characterizing their geographic distribution. From 1980 to 1990, 184 cases of scorpion stings were recorded with an incidence rate of 38.6 cases per 10,000 inhabitants. The locality of San Fernando presented the highest incidence (68.3(0)/000) of poisonous accidents. The highest percentages of severe cases were recorded in the towns of Arenas (27%), San Lorenzo (21%), and Cocollar (19%), which are located at the foot of the Turimiquire Mountains. This region is a dispersion area of scorpions of the Tityus genus. Our results show that this region of the State of Sucre is endemic for scorpion stings which are an important public health problem.

Mosaici parietali d’epoca giustinianea a Ravenna. Nuove scoperte

La fascia superiore dell’arco trionfale di S. Apollinare in Classe è stata accuratamente ispezionata durante l’ultimo intervento di restauro. Questa area musiva, col Cristo benedicente affiancato dai simboli degli Evangelisti, ritenuta omogenea e ascritta da tutti gli studiosi a un momento posteriore al VI secolo, è stata in buona parte ricondotta al periodo giustinianeo. I simboli degli Evangelisti e le nuvole limitrofe sono stati ricondotti ai mosaicisti bizantini attivi nella chiesa di San Vitale; mentre a una lavorazione successiva, determinata dalla necessità di reintegrare parti crollate, si deve attribuire il clipeo del Cristo e le nuvole circostanti. Il confronto fra le differenti morfologie delle nubi, le diverse tecniche esecutive e l’utilizzo di nuovi materiali, costituisce l’aspetto più visibile. Il restauro ha permesso di discriminare con certezza l’eterogeneità delle partiture e la convivenza di due interventi stilisticamente e cronologicamente differenti. Molteplici elementi mostrano come da un’esecuzione accurata si passi a una realizzazione sommaria; come dal rigore formale e materico iniziale, che comporta la selezione dei materiali più pregiati e delle tonalità cromatiche più funzionali, si passi ad una povertà materica e a una limitata gamma cromatica organizzate con semplificazione formale.

Onchocerciasis in Ecuador: Prevalence of Infection on the Ecuador-Colombia Border in the Province of Esmeraldas

The prevalence of onchocerciasis infection was determined in communities on 7 rivers located in the northern area of the cantón San Lorenzo, province of Esmeraldas. Diagnosis of the infection was obtained by skin biopsies and recombinant-antigen based-serology. No evidence of infection was detected in 9 communities studied along the Río Mataje, which forms the frontier between Ecuador and Colombia, nor in 10 adjacent communities located on 5 interior rivers. Evidence for Onchocerca volvulus infection was found in 4 communities on the Río Tululví with the following prevalence: La Boca (3.5% by biopsy and 3.9% by serology), Guayabal (9.1% by both biopsy and serology), La Ceiva (51.5% by biopsy and 53% by serology), and Salidero (4% by biopsy and 7.7% by serology). A few individuals in these communities were seropositive for O. volvulus in the absence of detectable dermal microfilariae: these might harbor very light or prepatent infections. No clinical disease attributable to onchocerciasis was found. The infected communities will be included in the ivermectin-based National Control Program for the disease, with no evidence of the infection having extended north of the Ecuadorian-colombian border

Xifratge d'arxius

Aquest memoria descriu els fonaments teòrics i la funcionalitat d'una aplicació per a cifrar arxius i directoris utilitzant la norma PKCS#5 dels laboratoris RSA, a més d'una modificació de la norma (algorisme TripelDES) per a aconseguir cifres més fortes.

Alcohol attributable burden of incidence of cancer in eight European countries based on results from prospective cohort study.

Objective To compute the burden of cancer attributable to current and former alcohol consumption in eight European countries based on direct relative risk estimates from a cohort study. Design Combination of prospective cohort study with representative population based data on alcohol exposure. Setting Eight countries (France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Greece, Germany, Denmark) participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Participants 109 118 men and 254 870 women, mainly aged 37-70. Main outcome measures Hazard rate ratios expressing the relative risk of cancer incidence for former and current alcohol consumption among EPIC participants. Hazard rate ratios combined with representative information on alcohol consumption to calculate alcohol attributable fractions of causally related cancers by country and sex. Partial alcohol attributable fractions for consumption higher than the recommended upper limit (two drinks a day for men with about 24 g alcohol, one for women with about 12 g alcohol) and the estimated total annual number of cases of alcohol attributable cancer. Results If we assume causality, among men and women, 10% (95% confidence interval 7 to 13%) and 3% (1 to 5%) of the incidence of total cancer was attributable to former and current alcohol consumption in the selected European countries. For selected cancers the figures were 44% (31 to 56%) and 25% (5 to 46%) for upper aerodigestive tract, 33% (11 to 54%) and 18% (−3 to 38%) for liver, 17% (10 to 25%) and 4% (−1 to 10%) for colorectal cancer for men and women, respectively, and 5.0% (2 to 8%) for female breast cancer. A substantial part of the alcohol attributable fraction in 2008 was associated with alcohol consumption higher than the recommended upper limit: 33 037 of 178 578 alcohol related cancer cases in men and 17 470 of 397 043 alcohol related cases in women. Conclusions In western Europe, an important proportion of cases of cancer can be attributable to alcohol consumption, especially consumption higher than the recommended upper limits. These data support current political efforts to reduce or to abstain from alcohol consumption to reduce the incidence of cancer.

Association between pre-diagnostic circulating vitamin D concentration and risk of colorectal cancer in European populations:a nested case-control study

Objective. To examine the association between pre-diagnostic circulating vitamin D concentration, dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium, and the risk of colorectal cancer in European populations. Design Nested case-control study. Setting. The study was conducted within the EPIC study, a cohort of more than 520 000 participants from 10 western European countries. Participants: 1248 cases of incident colorectal cancer, which developed after enrolment into the cohort, were matched to 1248 controls. Main outcome measures. Circulating vitamin D concentration (25-hydroxy-vitamin-D, 25-(OH)D) was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Dietary and lifestyle data were obtained from questionnaires. Incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of colorectal cancer by 25-(OH)D concentration and levels of dietary calcium and vitamin D intake were estimated from multivariate conditional logistic regression models, with adjustment for potential dietary and other confounders. Results. 25-(OH)D concentration showed a strong inverse linear dose-response association with risk of colorectal cancer (P for trend <0.001). Compared with a pre-defined mid-level concentration of 25-(OH)D (50.0-75.0 nmol/l), lower levels were associated with higher colorectal cancer risk (<25.0 nmol/l: incidence rate ratio 1.32 (95% confidence interval 0.87 to 2.01); 25.0-49.9 nmol/l: 1.28 (1.05 to 1.56), and higher concentrations associated with lower risk (75.0-99.9 nmol/l: 0.88 (0.68 to 1.13); ≥100.0 nmol/l: 0.77 (0.56 to 1.06)). In analyses by quintile of 25-(OH)D concentration, patients in the highest quintile had a 40% lower risk of colorectal cancer than did those in the lowest quintile (P<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed a strong association for colon but not rectal cancer (P for heterogeneity=0.048). Greater dietary intake of calcium was associated with a lower colorectal cancer risk. Dietary vitamin D was not associated with disease risk. Findings did not vary by sex and were not altered by corrections for season or month of blood donation. Conclusions The results of this large observational study indicate a strong inverse association between levels of pre-diagnostic 25-(OH)D concentration and risk of colorectal cancer in western European populations. Further randomised trials are needed to assess whether increases in circulating 25-(OH)D concentration can effectively decrease the risk of colorectal cancer.

Bulky DNA adducts, 4-aminobiphenyl-haemoglobin adducts and diet in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) prospective study

In contrast to some extensively examined food mutagens, for example, aflatoxins, N-nitrosamines and heterocyclic amines, some other food contaminants, in particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and other aromatic compounds, have received less attention. Therefore, exploring the relationships between dietary habits and the levels of biomarkers related to exposure to aromatic compounds is highly relevant. We have investigated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort the association between dietary items (food groups and nutrients) and aromatic DNA adducts and 4-aminobiphenyl-Hb adducts. Both types of adducts are biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and possibly of cancer risk, and were measured, respectively, in leucocytes and erythrocytes of 1086 (DNA adducts) and 190 (Hb adducts) non-smokers. An inverse, statistically significant, association has been found between DNA adduct levels and dietary fibre intake (P = 0·02), vitamin E (P = 0·04) and alcohol (P = 0·03) but not with other nutrients or food groups. Also, an inverse association between fibre and fruit intake, and BMI and 4-aminobiphenyl-Hb adducts (P = 0·03, 0·04, and 0·03 respectively) was observed. After multivariate regression analysis these inverse correlations remained statistically significant, except for the correlation adducts v. fruit intake. The present study suggests that fibre intake in the usual range can modify the level of DNA or Hb aromatic adducts, but such role seems to be quantitatively modest. Fibres could reduce the formation of DNA adducts in different manners, by diluting potential food mutagens and carcinogens in the gastrointestinal tract, by speeding their transit through the colon and by binding carcinogenic substances.

Consumption and portion sizes of tree nuts, peanuts and seeds in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts from 10 European countries

Tree nuts, peanuts and seeds are nutrient dense foods whose intake has been shown to be associated with reduced risk of some chronic diseases. They are regularly consumed in European diets either as whole, in spreads or from hidden sources (e.g. commercial products). However, little is known about their intake profiles or differences in consumption between European countries or geographic regions. The objective of this study was to analyse the population mean intake and average portion sizes in subjects reporting intake of nuts and seeds consumed as whole, derived from hidden sources or from spreads. Data was obtained from standardised 24-hour dietary recalls collected from 36 994 subjects in 10 different countries that are part of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Overall, for nuts and seeds consumed as whole, the percentage of subjects reporting intake on the day of the recall was: tree nuts = 4. 4%, peanuts = 2.3 % and seeds = 1.3 %. The data show a clear northern (Sweden: mean intake = 0.15 g/d, average portion size = 15.1 g/d) to southern (Spain: mean intake = 2.99 g/d, average portion size = 34.7 g/d) European gradient of whole tree nut intake. The three most popular tree nuts were walnuts, almonds and hazelnuts, respectively. In general, tree nuts were more widely consumed than peanuts or seeds. In subjects reporting intake, men consumed a significantly higher average portion size of tree nuts (28.5 v. 23.1 g/d, P<0.01) and peanuts (46.1 v. 35.1 g/d, P<0.01) per day than women. These data may be useful in devising research initiatives and health policy strategies based on the intake of this food group.

Tea consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes in Europe: the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study.

BACKGROUND In previous meta-analyses, tea consumption has been associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. It is unclear, however, if tea is associated inversely over the entire range of intake. Therefore, we investigated the association between tea consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes in a European population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study was conducted in 26 centers in 8 European countries and consists of a total of 12,403 incident type 2 diabetes cases and a stratified subcohort of 16,835 individuals from a total cohort of 340,234 participants with 3.99 million person-years of follow-up. Country-specific Hazard Ratios (HR) for incidence of type 2 diabetes were obtained after adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors using a Cox regression adapted for a case-cohort design. Subsequently, country-specific HR were combined using a random effects meta-analysis. Tea consumption was studied as categorical variable (0, >0-<1, 1-<4, ≥ 4 cups/day). The dose-response of the association was further explored by restricted cubic spline regression. Country specific medians of tea consumption ranged from 0 cups/day in Spain to 4 cups/day in United Kingdom. Tea consumption was associated inversely with incidence of type 2 diabetes; the HR was 0.84 [95%CI 0.71, 1.00] when participants who drank ≥ 4 cups of tea per day were compared with non-drinkers (p(linear trend) = 0.04). Incidence of type 2 diabetes already tended to be lower with tea consumption of 1-<4 cups/day (HR = 0.93 [95%CI 0.81, 1.05]). Spline regression did not suggest a non-linear association (p(non-linearity) = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE A linear inverse association was observed between tea consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes. People who drink at least 4 cups of tea per day may have a 16% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes than non-tea drinkers.

Social inequalities and mortality in Europe-results from a large multi-national cohort

BACKGROUND Socio-economic inequalities in mortality are observed at the country level in both North America and Europe. The purpose of this work is to investigate the contribution of specific risk factors to social inequalities in cause-specific mortality using a large multi-country cohort of Europeans. METHODS A total of 3,456,689 person/years follow-up of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) was analysed. Educational level of subjects coming from 9 European countries was recorded as proxy for socio-economic status (SES). Cox proportional hazard model's with a step-wise inclusion of explanatory variables were used to explore the association between SES and mortality; a Relative Index of Inequality (RII) was calculated as measure of relative inequality. RESULTS Total mortality among men with the highest education level is reduced by 43% compared to men with the lowest (HR 0.57, 95% C.I. 0.52-0.61); among women by 29% (HR 0.71, 95% C.I. 0.64-0.78). The risk reduction was attenuated by 7% in men and 3% in women by the introduction of smoking and to a lesser extent (2% in men and 3% in women) by introducing body mass index and additional explanatory variables (alcohol consumption, leisure physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake) (3% in men and 5% in women). Social inequalities were highly statistically significant for all causes of death examined in men. In women, social inequalities were less strong, but statistically significant for all causes of death except for cancer-related mortality and injuries. DISCUSSION In this European study, substantial social inequalities in mortality among European men and women which cannot be fully explained away by accounting for known common risk factors for chronic diseases are reported.