973 resultados para Eletrodo Tubular
Resumo:
Foram estudadas as alterações renais, tanto clínicas como anatomopatológicas, em 119 indivíduos com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida no Hospital Escola da Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG. A média das idades foi de 33 ± 10,4 anos (variando de 18 a 67 anos). Predominaram a cor branca (59%) e o sexo masculino (80%). Procedência: 90% de Uberaba e região. Havia 59 (50%) heterossexuais, 25 (21%) homossexuais, 17 (14%) bissexuais e 18 (15%) sem dados conhecidos. Havia 43% usuários de drogas intravenosas. Catorze (12,2%) casos apresentavam creatininemia acima de 3mg/dl nos 10 dias antes do óbito, destes encontrou-se necrose tubular aguda em 64%. Em 71 (61%) pacientes encontrou-se hiponatremia e 8 (7%) exibiram hipernatremia. Houve 28 (24%) com hipocalemia e 8 (7%) com hipercalemia. Doze pacientes tinham proteinúria de 24 horas elevada, sendo 7 acima de 1g/24h. Dois pacientes apresentaram glomeruloesclerose segmentar focal, sendo que um deles apresentou proteinúria de 5,5g/24h e creatinemia de 1,5mg/dl, sem edema. Na maioria (56%) dos casos, encontrou-se nefrite túbulo-intersticial. As alterações glomerulares foram relativamente raras em tanto que as lesões túbulo-intersticiais foram muito freqüentes, principalmente a nefrite túbulo intersticial e a necrose tubular aguda. Nem sempre se pode observar uma correlação anatomoclínica pois, muitas vezes, a alteração foi predominantemente funcional, especialmente nas hidroeletrolíticas.
Resumo:
Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil, perfil de Estruturas
Resumo:
Os Ensaios Não destrutivos de (END) por Correntes Induzidas (CI) são uma das principais técnicas utilizadas na inspeção de tubagens, nomeadamente em caldeiras e permutadores de calor. Apesar de ser uma técnica comum e com muitos anos de experiência acumulada, existem algumas condições onde persistem dificuldades, como é o caso da deteção de micro defeitos com orientação tangencial. Por outro lado, assiste-se atualmente a uma exigência cada vez maior do ponto de vista da fiabilidade dos sistemas e sondas de CI. Um exemplo particular dessa exigência é a inspeção de um perfil com geometria tubular em aço inox 316LN (JK2LB), o qual constitui as bobinas poloidais do International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). O objetivo central deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar experimentalmente diferentes tipos de sondas de CI para a deteção de micro defeitos no interior de componentes de geometria tubular, com vista a reduzir o limiar de detetabilidade dos defeitos com orientação tangencial, e assim aumentar a fiabilidade de inspeção. Foram concebidas, produzidas e validadas experimentalmente quatro novas sondas de CI e foram replicadas três configurações já existentes. Foram realizadas simulações numéricas das diferentes sondas, sob diferentes condições de inspeção e criaram-se os meios laboratoriais adequados para a realização dos END. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que as novas sondas desenvolvidas permitem detetar com clareza defeitos tangenciais com 2 mm de comprimento e 0.5 mm de profundidade, o que está claramente abaixo do limiar de detetabilidade das sondas convencionais constituídas por bobinas toroidais. As simulações numéricas permitiram descrever e caracterizar com sucesso alguns fenómenos elétricos e magnéticos envolvidos no funcionamento das sondas. Em termos genéricos, foi estabelecido um importante conhecimento processual dos END por CI de geometrias tubulares.
Resumo:
INTRODUÇÃO: Devido à sepse bacteriana associada à transfusão de concentrados plaquetários (CPs) ter sérias consequências clínicas para os pacientes, alguns procedimentos têm sido incorporados na preparação e no controle de qualidade dos componentes sanguíneos para reduzir o risco da contaminação bacteriana. Este artigo descreve a prevalência da contaminação bacteriana dos CPs que foram transfundidos, o espectro bacteriano detectado com seu perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos e as reações transfusionais nos receptores. MÉTODOS: Um total de 292 CPs (278 randômicos e 14 por aférese), proveniente do Hemocentro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (HEMORGS) de Santa Maria foi testado. As quantidades de 100μL e 200μL foram coletadas da porção tubular da bolsa de plaquetas e semeadas utilizando dois tipos de metodologias. RESULTADOS: Em cinco unidades(1,7%; 5/292) foram isoladas bactérias pela metodologia qualitativa e apenas uma pela quantitativa. Staphylococcus epidermidis foi o microrganismo identificado em todas as amostras. Dois pacientes apresentaram sepse associada à transfusão com desfecho fatal. CONCLUSÕES: A contaminação bacteriana pelas transfusões de CPs constitui-se num importante problema de saúde pública devido a sua associação com altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Neste estudo, somente microrganismos gram-positivos foram isolados sendo que nenhuma amostra obtida por aférese apresentou contaminação.
Resumo:
INTRODUCTION: In 1956, Africanized honeybees (AHB) migrated from Brazil to other regions of the Western Hemisphere, including South, Central, and North America, except for Canada. Despite being productive, they are highly aggressive and cause fatal accidents. This study aimed to evaluate patients at the Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School (HC-FMB) and to propose treatment guidelines. METHODS: From 2005 to 2006, the clinical and laboratorial aspects of 11 patients (7 male and 4 female) and the anatomopathological aspects of one patient who had died in 2003 were analyzed. RESULTS: The age of the surviving patients varied from 5 to 87 years, with a mean of 42.5 years. The majority of accidents occurred in the afternoon, and the number of stings ranged from 20 to 500. The principal signs and symptoms were pain and local inflammatory signs, nausea, tachycardia, and vomiting. Biochemical findings presented increased levels of creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate/alanine aminotransferase. An 11-year-old male patient died upon entering the attic of a two-storey building where he was attacked by a swarm, receiving more than 1,000 stings. He was sent to HC-FMB where he was treated, but he died 24h later. Observed at the autopsy were erythematous-purpuric skin lesions besides necrosis at the sting locations, rhabdomyolysis, focal myocardial necrosis, tubular hydropic degeneration and focal tubular acute necrosis of the kidneys, myoglobinuria, and centrolobular necrosis in the liver. CONCLUSIONS: Accidents caused by multiple AHB stings always constitute a medical emergency. As there is no specific antivenom, we have developed guidelines, including first aid, drugs, and the proper removal of stingers.
Resumo:
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Due to the importance that Howler monkeys have on the yellow fever (YF) epidemiological sylvatic cycle in Brazil, more accurate morphological diagnostic criteria needs to be established, especially considering the differences that may exist between the genera of Brazilian non-human primates (NHPs) involved in yellow fever virus (YFV) epizootics. METHODS: Records of YF epizootics in NHPs in Brazil between 2007 and 2009 were obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health database to select YF positive (n=98) Howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.) for this study. The changes described in the histopathological reports were categorized by organ and their frequencies calculated. RESULTS: The most frequent lesions observed in the animals with YF were hepatocyte apoptosis (Councilman body formation), midzonal hepatocyte necrosis, steatosis, liver hemorrhage, inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration of the liver, renal acute tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis. Midzonal hepatocyte necrosis, steatosis and hemorrhage presented positive correlations with apoptosis of hepatocytes, suggesting strong YFV pathogenic effect association; they were also the main histopathological changes in the Alouatta sp. A pronounced negative correlation between apoptosis of hepatocytes and hepatic mononuclear cell infiltration pointed to significant histopathological differences between YFV infection in Howler monkeys and humans. CONCLUSIONS: The results warn that NHPs may exhibit different response patterns following YFV infection and require a more careful diagnosis. Presumptive diagnosis based on primate histopathological lesions may contribute to public health service control.
Resumo:
Stents são estruturas entrançadas utilizadas no tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares, uma vez que previnem ou impedem a constrição do fluxo sanguíneo. A sua forma tubular é essencial para que consiga atingir a sua finalidade e manter o normal fluxo sanguíneo nos vasos sanguíneos. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos stents fibrosos entrançados, à base de poliéster (PES), poliamida (PA) e polipropileno (PP). Além disso, as propriedades mecânicas, que são influenciadas pelo ângulo de entrançamento e o diâmetro do mandril, foram testadas e discutidas. Este trabalho mostra que os stents fibrosos apresentam propriedades mecânicas adequadas e elevado potencial de mercado
Resumo:
O paradoxo das águas marca as populações amazônicas que habitam as várzeas. Se na cheia as águas abundam, na seca escasseiam, chegando desfalcar os ribeirinhos seja pela insuficiência e/ou por condições impróprias para consumo. Esse trabalho descreve o aproveitamento do manancial subterrâneo para abastecimento público, através de poço tubular construído na comunidade de várzea de Santo Antônio, no município de Urucará, Estado do Amazonas. O estudo demonstrou a ocorrência de variações nas características físico-químicas da água do poço durante um ciclo das de superfície da região, principalmente a elevação do teor de ferro total no período de cheia máxima, sendo esse um indicativo de falha no processo construtivo do poço, uma vez que a água subterrânea local apresenta condições satisfatórias para o consumo humano. O aproveitamento do manancial subterrâneo em sistemas de abastecimento de água em comunidades de várzea na Amazônia é tecnicamente viável, entretanto, carece de obras de captação corretas, visando a conservação da qualidade da água desse rico ecossistema.
Resumo:
Stents are rigid and perforated tubular structures, which are inserted into blood vessels in order to prevent or inhibit the constriction of blood flow, restoring the normal blood flow, when blood vessels are clogged, being used in 70% of angioplasties. These medical devices assume great importance in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which are the leading cause of death worldwide. In the European Union CVD account for 40% of deaths and assume an estimated annual cost of 196 billion euros[1]. Stents must possess certain requirements, in order to, adequately, perform its function, such as biocompatibility (so that its use does not c ause damage on the health of its user), mechanical strength, radiopacity (so that it is easy to view), longitudinal flexibility, ease of handling, corrosion resistance and having high strength and high radial expansion ability to recover. Stents can be made of different materials, but metals, particularly stainless steel, are the most common. However, metallic stents present several dRawbacks such as corrosion and restenosis, leading to health complications for the patient, or even death. In order to minimize these disadvantages, new materials, like fibrous materials, have been used [2]. Monofilaments present high potential for stents development because, in addition to its biocompatibility, these materials allow the application of various surface treatments, such as antibacterial coatings. Furthermore, monofilament exhibit excellent mechanical properties, like greater stiffness and good results when subjected to compression, tensile and bending forces, since these forces will be directly supported by the monofilament [3]. To minimize the reaction of the human body and Limit the adhesion of microorganisms to the stent surface, some coatings have been developed, including the use of novel metals with antimicrobial properties, like silver. The main objective of this study was the development of fibrous stents, incorporation of silver oxide nanocoating. For the development of the stent, polyester monofilaments with 0.27mm of diameter were used in braiding technology, with a mandrel diameter of 6mm and a braiding angle of 35⁰. The mechanical behaviour of the stent were evaluated by mechanical testing under longitudinal and radial compression, bending. The results of compressive strength tests are according with value from literature: 1.13 to 2.9 N for radial compression and 0. 16-5.28N to longitudinal compression. From literature is also possible to verify that stents must present 75% of unchanged diameter during the bending test and must possess a porosity between 70% and 80% [4]. The produced polyester stent presents values of 1.29N for radial compression, 0.23N for longitudinal compression, 80% of porosity and 85.5% of unchanged diameter, during bending tests. For the antibacterial functionalization, silver oxide nanocoatings were prepared, through reactive magnetron g, with an Ag target in an Ar +O2 atmosphere. In order to evaluate the nanostructure and morphology of the coatings, d ifferent technique s like X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and and X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS were used. From the analyses of XRD it is possible to verify that the peaks corresponds to planes of Ag2 O and MATERIAIS 2015 Porto, 21-23 June, 2015 characterize a cubic phase. The presence of Ag2 O is corroborated by XPS spectrum, where it is possible to observe silver, not only, in oxide state, but a lso in mettalic state, and it is possible to verify the presence of silver clusters, confirmed by SEM analysis. Films’ roughness and topography, parameters influencing the wettability of the surface and microorganism adhesion, were measured by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and it was observed that the roughness is very low (under 10 nm). Coatings’ hydrophobicity and surface tension parameters were determined by contact angle measurement, and it was verified the hydrophobic behavior of the coatings. For antibacterial tests were used Staphylococcus epidermidis strain (IE186) and Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538), and halo inhibition zone tests were realized. Ag+release rates were studied by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP -MS). The obtained results suggest that silver oxide coatings do not modify significantly surface properties of the substrate, like hydrophobicity and roughness, and present antimicrobial properties for both bacteria used.
Resumo:
Biological studies are necessary for the management of wildlife in captivity, and knowledge of reproduction is one of the important features for increasing production. The objective of the research was to determine the age at which male collared peccaries reach puberty. Testicular samples of 15 animals, aged 7 to 16 months, distributed into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5) were used. The testes showed considerably increased weight, length and width (p < 0.05) from G1 to G3, whereas, from this group onward, the development of this organ was slower. There was positive correlation (p < 0.001) between the following testicular parameters: weight and length (r = 0.97), weight and width (r = 0.88), length and width (r = 0.92). Regarding the diameter of seminiferous tubules, an increase was observed (p < 0.05) from G1 to G4. The total number of spermatogenic cells increased significantly (p < 0.05) until G3 and then it stabilized. There was also positive correlation between testis weight and tubular diameter (r = 0.99, p < 0.001), and testis weight and spermatogenic cells (r = 0.98, p < 0.001). The number of Sertoli cells decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from G1, when they were undifferentiated as support cells, to G5, when they occurred together with the complete line of spermatic cells. The results demonstrate that the reproductive development of peccaries can be classified into the following stages: impuberty (G1, 7-8 months); pre-pubertal (G2, 9-10 months); pubertal (G3, 11-12 months); post-pubertal 1 (G4, 13-14 months); and post-pubertal 2 (G5, 15-16 months). Based on the histological analyses, puberty in the male collared peccary was determined to occur between 11 and 12 months of age.
Resumo:
Human platelet lysate (PL) is a cost-effective and human source of autologous multiple and potent pro-angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF A), fibroblast growth factor b (FGF b) and angiopoietin-1. Nanocoatings previously characterized were prepared by layer-by-layer assembling incorporating PL with marine-origin polysaccharides and were shown to activate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Within 20 h of incubation, the more sulfated coatings induced the HUVECS to the form tube-like structures accompanied by an increased expression of angiogenicassociated genes, such as angiopoietin-1 and VEGF A. This may be a cost-effective approach to modify 2D/3D constructs to instruct angiogenic cells towards the formation of neo-vascularization, driven by multiple and synergistic stimulations from the PL combined with sulfated polysaccharides. Statement of Significance The presence, or fast induction, of a stable and mature vasculature inside 3D constructs is crucial for new tissue formation and its viability. This has been one of the major tissue engineering challenges, limiting the dimensions of efficient tissue constructs. Many approaches based on cells, growth factors, 3D bioprinting and channel incorporation have been proposed. Herein, we explored a versatile technique, layer-by-layer assembling in combination with platelet lysate (PL), that is a cost-effective source of many potent pro-angiogenic proteins and growth factors. Results suggest that the combination of PL with sulfated polyelectrolytes might be used to introduce interfaces onto 2D/3D constructs with potential to induce the formation of cell-based tubular structures.
Resumo:
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica
Resumo:
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Analisar o desempenho da estimulação cardíaca artificial com marcapasso do tipo VVIR cujo sensor é regulado pelas variações do sistema nervoso autônomo em pacientes chagásicos com distúrbio no sistema de condução. MÉTODOS: Estudados 47 chagásicos, 28 do sexo masculino, com idades entre 24 e 68 anos, 36 tinham bloqueio atrioventricular (AV) total; 8, bloqueio AV de 2º grau 2; e 3 doença do nódulo sinusal, e encontravam-se, de acordo com a NYHA, em classe I (4), II (15), III (16) e IV (12). Após o implante de marcapasso do tipo VVIR os pacientes foram acompanhados durante 12 meses. A resposta de freqüência foi registrada em gravações de Holter de 24h e divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a FC em repouso - grupo 1: >65bpm e grupo 2: <=65bpm, para estudo comparativo, considerando: 1) FC em exercício no período de pós-implante; 2) PA em repouso após o implante e 3) avaliação dos grupos de eletrodos identificados como TIR-60-UP e outros eletrodos. RESULTADOS: O grupo 1 teve em exercício menor variação entre seus valores, do que o grupo 2, indicando que esse tipo de sistema de estimulação permite controlar individualmente cada paciente. Os valores de PA em repouso e em exercício não foram diferentes entre os grupos. O eletrodo do tipo TIR-60-UP, comportou-se como os demais eletrodos. CONCLUSÃO: O marcapasso do tipo VVIR cujo sensor é regulado pelas variações do SNA propicia o restabelecimento dos mecanismos fisiológicos em chagásicos, sendo que 74% deles tiveram melhora de uma ou duas classes funcionais da NYHA.
Resumo:
Dissertação de mestrado em Genética Molecular