873 resultados para Culture, suicide, and the human condition
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La ville prhispanique de Cantona, situe dans la valle dOriental dans ltat de Puebla au Mexique, atteignit sa premire apoge culturelle entre 150 av. J.C. et 600/650 A.D. Durant cette priode, des complexes crmoniaux comprenant des groupes de pyramides-temples et des terrains de jeu de balle furent construits. Ces installations servirent au droulement de nombreux rites au cours desquels les victimes de sacrifices taient dcapites, dmembres, dcharnes, corches, bouillies, brles et, dans certains cas, consommes. Dautres traitements du corps humain comportent linhumation dindividus en position assise et replis sur eux-mmes. Pour mieux comprendre le traitement mortuaire rituel des corps humains Cantona, les dcouvertes faites sur place sont compares aux donnes datant de la mme poque obtenues dans trois rgions voisines : la valle de Mexico, Puebla-Tlaxcala et le golfe du Mexique. A partir de ces renseignements, on peut en dduire que la majorit des dcouvertes faites Cantona sont les restes des dpouilles et offrandes provenant de rites destins la communication avec les dieux et lobtention de la fertilit, tandis que les dpouilles des individus en position assise appartiennent des prtres ou des personnages religieux.
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Depuis que l'animal humain a conu un systme de technologies pour la pense abstraite grce au langage, la guerre contre le monde sauvage est devenu une voie sens unique vers l'alination, la civilisation et la littrature. Le but de ce travail est d'analyser comment les rcits civilisationnels donnent une structure l'exprience par le biais de la sgrgation, de la domestication, de la slection, et de l'extermination, tandis que les rcits sauvages dmontrent les possibilits infinies du chaos pour dcouvrir le monde en toute sa diversit et en lien avec sa communaut de vie. Un des objectifs de cette thse a t de combler le foss entre la science et la littrature, et d'examiner l'interdpendance de la fiction et la ralit. Un autre objectif a t de mettre ces rcits au cur d'un dialogue les uns avec les autres, ainsi que de tracer leur expression dans les diffrentes disciplines et uvres pour enfants et adultes mais galement danalyser leur manifestations cest redondant dans la vie relle. C'est un effort multi-disciplinaires qui se reflte dans la combinaison de mthodes de recherche en anthropologie et en tudes littraires. Cette analyse compare et contraste trois livres de fiction pour enfants qui prsentent trois diffrents paradigmes socio-conomiques, savoir, Winnie-l'Ourson de Milne qui met en place un monde civilis monarcho-capitaliste, la trilogie de Nosov sur les aventures de Neznaika et ses amis qui prsente les dfis et les exploits d'une socit anarcho-socialiste dans son volution du primitivisme vers la technologie, et les livres de Moomines de Jansson, qui reprsentent le chaos, l'anarchie, et l'tat sauvage qui contient tout, y compris des pisodes de civilisation. En axant la mthodologie de ma recherche sur la faon dont nous connaissons le monde, j'ai d'abord examin la construction, la transmission et l'acquisition des connaissances, en particulier travers la thorie de praxis de Bourdieu et la critique de la civilisation dveloppe dans les tudes de Zerzan, Ong, et Goody sur les liens entre l'alphabtisation, la dette et l'oppression. Quant la littrature pour enfants, j'ai choisi trois livres que jai connus pendant mon enfance, c'est--dire des livres qui sont devenus comme une langue maternelle pour moi. En ce sens, ce travail est aussi de lanthropologie du champ natif. En outre, janalyse les prmisses sous-jacentes qui se trouvent non seulement dans les trois livres, mais dans le droulement des rcits de l'tat sauvage et de la civilisation dans la vie relle, des analyses qui paraissent dans cette thse sous la forme d'extraits dun journal ethnographique. De mme que jexamine la nature de la littrature ainsi que des structures civilises qui domestiquent le monde au moyen de menaces de mort, je trace aussi la prsence de ces rcits dans l'expression scientifique (le rcit malthusien-darwinien), religieuse, et dans autres expressions culturelles, et rflchis sur les dfis prsents par la thorie anarchiste (Kropotkine) ainsi que par les livres pour enfants crits du point de vue sauvage, tels que ceux des Moomines.
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Ce mmoire a pour toile de fond Philadelphia la fin du dix-huitime sicle et couvre les priodes de la Rvolution amricaine et les dbuts de la Rpublique. Trois thmes sy entrelacent: la culture matrielle, la sociabilit, et lagentivit des femmes. Ces trois thmes sont explors au travers de Elizabeth Willing Powel, une femme duque faisant partie de llite de Philadelphie, et des moyens avec lesquels elle sauto-projetait auprs de la socit au travers lenvironnement matriel de sa maison la Powel House and au travers de sa correspondance. Elizabeth Powel tait reconnue pour son intelligence, son art de la conversation et ses qualits dhtesse. Ce projet explore les interactions entre une femme de llite et son environnement matriel durant les priodes rvolutionnaires et postrvolutionnaires. Le but est dobserver comment la culture matrielle reprsentait des positions sociales, culturelles et politiques. Ce mmoire observe les interactions sociales et les faons dont Elizabeth Powel se reprsente en socit par une analyse de sa correspondance, analyse qui porte une attention particulire aux discours de Elizabeth sur les questions du rle des femmes en socit, de lducation des femmes. Enfin, ce mmoire explore comment la culture matrielle et lcriture pistolaire taient des vecteurs dagentivit pour Elizabeth, des moyens de participer aux important changements qui transformaient la socit amricaine de la fin du dix-huitime sicle.
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As shown by different scholars, the idea of author is not absolute or necessary. On the contrary, it came to life as an answer to the very practical needs of an emerging print technology in search of an economic model of its own. In this context, and according to the criticism of the notion of author made during the 196070s (in particular by Barthes and Foucault), it would only be natural to consider the idea of the author being dead as a global claim accepted by all scholars. Yet this is not the case, because, as Rose suggests, the idea of author and the derived notion of copyright are still too important in our culture to be abandoned. But why such an attachment to the idea of author? The hypothesis on which this chapter is based is that the theory of the death of the authordeveloped in texts such as What is an Author? by Michel Foucault and The Death of the Author by Roland Barthesdid not provide the conditions for a shift towards a world without authors because of its inherent lack of concrete editorial practices different from the existing ones. In recent years, the birth and diffusion of the Web have allowed the concrete development of a different way of interpreting the authorial function, thanks to new editorial practiceswhich will be named editorialization devices in this chapter. Thus, what was inconceivable for Rose in 1993 is possible today because of the emergence of digital technologyand in particular, the Web.
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La presente these est une etude ethnographique qui examine le savoir en tant que pratique situee au Ladakh, dans lHimalaya indien. Elle analyse les implications socioculturelles des deux moteurs de changement en jeu au Ladakh: lun est d'origine socio-economique et lie a la production du Ladakh en tant que zone frontaliere, tandis que lautre est de nature environnementale et entraine par les changements climatiques. Alors que le Ladakh est demeure hors de la portee de lEtat bureaucratique pendant ladministration coloniale britannique, la region sest trouvee reconfiguree en zone frontaliere strategique apres lindependance de lInde des suites des guerres successives avec le Pakistan et la Chine. LIndependance a mene a la partition de lInde et du Pakistan en 1947; cette these examine la portee a long terme des evenements traumatisants de la partition tels quils se sont deroules au Ladakh et comment les Ladakhis etablissent des liens entre ces evenements et les changements climatiques. LEtat indien sest produit dans la region a travers une volonte de dominer les montagnes, principalement par le developpement dinfrastructures et par lintegration du savoir local des Ladakhis dans lappareil militaire. La militarisation a restructure l'economie du Ladakh, redefini la structure des menages, contribue a lexode rural, deplace la centralite des activites agropastorales et, tel que la dissertation le soutient, altere de maniere significative la connexion de la population locale avec l'environnement. La rationalisation croissante de la perspective sur lenvironnement aujourd'hui contribue a la fragmentation des liens qui unissent les domaines naturels et humains dans la cosmologie locale de meme qua l'abandon des pratiques rituelles connexes. Parallelement, la region est touchee par des effets distincts des changements climatiques, en particulier la recession des glaciers. La these juxtapose l'experience subjective de ces vastes changements dans la vie quotidienne des villageois de la Vallee de Sham avec les faits historiques environnementaux, demontrant ainsi que les evenements historiques locaux influent sur les perceptions des changements environnementaux. L'analyse demontre quun phenomene objectif tel que la recession des glaciers est interprete a travers des realites locales. Plus precisement, selon la conception du monde locale, un glacier en retrait est une figure rhetorique dune transformation de la condition humaine. Comme le fait valoir la dissertation, linterpretation culturelle ne constitue pas un obstacle a l'objectivite de l'histoire naturelle de la cosmologie locale. Linterpretation culturelle et l'experience empirique saverent par ailleurs essentielles a la vitalite des connaissances locales sur l'environnement et a la performance des pratiques associees.
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Controlling the inorganic nitrogen by manipulating carbon / nitrogen ratio is a method gaining importance in aquaculture systems. Nitrogen control is induced by feeding bacteria with carbohydrates and through the subsequent uptake of nitrogen from the water for the synthesis of microbial proteins. The relationship between addition of carbohydrates, reduction of ammonium and the production of microbial protein depends on the microbial conversion coefficient. The carbon / nitrogen ratio in the microbial biomass is related to the carbon contents of the added material. The addition of carbonaceous substrate was found to reduce inorganic nitrogen in shrimp culture ponds and the resultant microbial proteins are taken up by shrimps. Thus, part of the feed protein is replaced and feeding costs are reduced in culture systems.The use of various locally available substrates for periphyton based aquaculture practices increases production and profitability .However, these techniques for extensive shrimp farming have not so far been evaluated. Moreover, an evaluation of artificial substrates together with carbohydrate source based farming system in reducing inorganic nitrogen production in culture systems has not yet been carried-out. Furthermore, variations in water and soil quality, periphyton production and shrimp production of the whole system have also not been determined so-far.This thesis starts with a general introduction , a brief review of the most relevant literature, results of various experiments and concludes with a summary (Chapter 9). The chapters are organised conforming to the objectives of the present study. The major objectives of this thesis are, to improve the sustainability of shrimp farming by carbohydrate addition and periphyton substrate based shrimp production and to improve the nutrient utilisation in aquaculture systems.
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Existing method of culture were largely based on empirical knowledge. Lacking a scientific basis as such methods did, they were often wasteful and suffered severe limitation. Modern methods of fish and prawn culture based on scientific research, have revolutioned the industry in recent years and not only extended its scope to cover the whole country but led to increased fish and prawn production. An understanding of the biological capability of the water in the perennial and seasonal culture ponds, and the nature and extent of the influence of the abiotic factors on the production of organisms in the primary level of food chain would contribute to effectively implement management measures in the stocking strategies and in the evaluation of economics of production of prawns. It is against this background that the present topic of investigation "Studies on the ecology and production of algae in prawn culture systems was selected.
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David Gauntlett's inaugural lecture from November 2008, in which he points to a shift from a 'sit down and be told' culture to a more creative 'making and doing' culture, which may offer one of the necessary keys to tackling climate change and environmental problems.
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Objectives To determine the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent vaccine on the risk of developing subsequent disease after an excisional procedure for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or diagnosis of genital warts, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Design Retrospective analysis of data from two international, double blind, placebo controlled, randomised efficacy trials of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (protocol 013 (FUTURE I) and protocol 015 (FUTURE II)). Setting Primary care centres and university or hospital associated health centres in 24 countries and territories around the world. Participants Among 17622 women aged 1526 years who underwent 1:1 randomisation to vaccine or placebo, 2054 received cervical surgery or were diagnosed with genital warts, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Intervention Three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine or placebo at day 1, month 2, and month 6. Main outcome measures Incidence of HPV related disease from 60 days after treatment or diagnosis, expressed as the number of women with an end point per 100 person years at risk. Results A total of 587 vaccine and 763 placebo recipients underwent cervical surgery. The incidence of any subsequent HPV related disease was 6.6 and 12.2 in vaccine and placebo recipients respectively (46.2% reduction (95% confidence interval 22.5% to 63.2%) with vaccination). Vaccination was associated with a significant reduction in risk of any subsequent high grade disease of the cervix by 64.9% (20.1% to 86.3%). A total of 229 vaccine recipients and 475 placebo recipients were diagnosed with genital warts, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, and the incidence of any subsequent HPV related disease was 20.1 and 31.0 in vaccine and placebo recipients respectively (35.2% reduction (13.8% to 51.8%)). Conclusions Previous vaccination with quadrivalent HPV vaccine among women who had surgical treatment for HPV related disease significantly reduced the incidence of subsequent HPV related disease, including high grade disease.
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Kant argued that humans possess a priori knowledge of space; although his argument focused on a physics of bodies, it also has implications for a psychology of beings. Many human cultures organize stars in the night sky into constellations (i.e., impose structure); attribute properties, behaviors, and abilities to objects in the celestial realm (i.e., impose meaning); and use perceived regularity in the celestial realms in development of calendars, long-range navigation, agriculture, and astrology (i.e., seek predictability and control). The physical inaccessibility of the celestial realm allows a potent source of metaphor, and also allows projection of myths regarding origin and ascension, places of power, and dwelling places of gods, immortals, and other souls. Developments in astronomy and cosmology influenced views of human nature and the place of humanity in the universe, and these changes parallel declines in egocentrism with human development. Views regarding alleged beings (e.g., angels, extraterrestrials) from the celestial realm (and to how communicate with such beings) are anthropocentric and ignore evolutionary factors in physical and cognitive development. It is suggested that in considering views and uses of the celestial realm, we learn not just about the universe, but also about ourselves.
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The object of this experience is to offer the students the opportunity to take part in the construction of a pedagogic strategy centred on the ludic, for the promotion of the integral health and the prevention of the disease with an educational community; directed to supporting and qualifying the well-being so much individually as group. The project is designed to five years, about interdisciplinary character (Speech Therapy, Medicine, Psychology, Nursery, Occupational Therapy), interinstitutional (Universidad del Rosario, Universidad de San Buenaventura y Universidad de Cundinamarca) and intersectorial (Education and Health). It considers the different actors of the educational community and school and the home as propitious scenes for the strengthening potential, beside being the fundamental spaces for the construction of knowledges and learnings concerning the integral health. To achieve the target, one has come constructing from the second semester of 2003, one pedagogic strategy centred on the ludic and the creativity, from which they are planned, they develop and evaluate the actions of promotion of skills, values, behaviors and attitudes in the care of the health and the prevention of disease, orientated to the early, opportune and effective detection of risk factors and problematic of the development that they affect the integral health. The above mentioned strategy raises a so called scene Bienestarpolis: A healthy world for conquering, centred on prominent figures, spaces and elements that alternate between the fantasy and the reality to facilitate the approximation, the interiorizacin and the appropriation of the integral health. Across this one, the children motivated by the adults enter an imaginary world in that theirs desires, knowledges and attitudes are the axis of his development. Since Vigotsky raises it, in the game the child realizes actions in order to adapt to the world that surrounds it acquiring skills for the learning. The actions of the project have involved 410 children and 25 teachers, of the degrees Zero, The First and The Second of basic primary; 90 parents of family, and an average of 40 students and 8 teachers of the already mentioned disciplines.
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Resumen tomado de la publicacin
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Este recurso ayuda al profesor a explicar el contenido de la materia de Educacin para la Ciudadana a los alumnos de la etapa 4 del curriculo nacional ingls (key stage 4) y del General Certificate Secondary Education (GCSE). Dispone de actividades fotocopiables que apoyan y complementan a los cinco libros del estudiante; tambin incorpora fuentes adicionales de informacin para fomentar en los estudiantes habilidades de investigacin.
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A sample of deaf/hard of hearing students and hearing students ages 11-14 were surveyed to examine social perceptions about intellect and popularity related to popular culture knowledge. Participants also provided descriptive responses to their popular culture favorites.
