Did they read Marx? Marx reception and social democratic party members in imperial Germany, 1890-1914

Did rank-and-file members of the German Social Democratic party before 1914 bother to read Marx? A number of studies of borrowing from trade union and other workers' libraries since the 1970s have indicated that workers who read Marx were rare, although this does not mean that workers' reading habits were not influenced by socialist ideas. However, for a broader understanding of the reception of Marx's writings among rank-and-file German socialists, it is necessary to consider not only books, but the pamphlet literature produced by the SPD in huge quantities, serialisations and other treatments in the party press, and oral communication. When the full range of sources is considered, the extent of the reception of Marx's writings, albeit often in very simplified forms, can be more fully appreciated.

Estudo de algumas propriedades mecânicas da madeira de um híbrido clonal de Eucalyptus urophylla X Eucalyptus grandis

A procura por madeiras oriundas de reflorestamentos destinadas à serraria é uma realidade já há muitos anos, principalmente aquelas das espécies do gênero Eucalyptus. Visando buscar novas informações importantes para esse mercado, este trabalho objetivou determinar algumas propriedades mecânicas da madeira de um híbrido clonal de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis de duas idades e provenientes de talhadia simples e de reforma. Os resultados indicaram que a madeira desse híbrido apresenta boas características tecnológicas, destacando-se a segunda tora (a partir de 3 m) com as melhores propriedades de flexão estática (Módulo de Elasticidade - MOE e Módulo de Ruptura - MOR) e Compressão Axial das fibras. As árvores de maior idade (166 meses) e que sofreram dois desbastes apresentaram as melhores propriedades de flexão estática e compressão axial.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida em crianças e adolescentes com câncer

Trata-se de um estudo sobre avaliação da qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com câncer que objetivou-se a produção de duas propostas de artigo. A primeira proposta de artigo teve como objetivo conhecer as médias dos escores geral ou por dimensões encontrados nos estudos realizados os quais utilizaram o Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Cancer Module. Aplicou-se a estratégia de busca nas bases Scopus, Web of Science, Bireme, PsycoInfo e a EBSCO host. Encontrou-se 210 resumos e títulos, excluiu-se 189 por duplicidade e por não atender aos critérios de inclusão. Analisou-se e elegeu-se 21 para compor o estudo. Todos os artigos publicados na língua inglesa, em sua maioria na América (47,6%) e no período de 2011 a 2013 (61,9%), utilizaram-se do questionário para a coleta de dados tanto para criança e adolescentes quanto para seus pais na maioria dos artigos (61,9%). A variação dos escores por dimensões e geral provavelmente esteve relacionada com a seleção dos grupos de comparação pois, pode-se perceber a diversidade dos critérios de inclusão e das variáveis para a análise em cada estudo. Concluiu-se que as médias dos escores por dimensões e geral não alcançaram valores abaixo de 30 e os maiores escores por dimensões estão acima de 80. Sugere-se que a dimensão ansiedade frente ao tratamento, no relato das crianças, pode ter obtido os maiores escores dentro de cada estudo. A segunda proposta de artigo objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com câncer em tratamento ou em acompanhamento e verificar associações com as variáveis socioeconômicas e clínicas. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 98 crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de câncer de uma unidade de referência em oncologia pediátrica no estado do Espírito Santo - Brasil. Aplicou-se o questionário PedsQLTM e coletou-se informações sociodemográficas e clínicas. A amostra caracterizou-se com predominância do sexo masculino, de faixa etária de 08 a 12 anos, de classe econômica C e com diagnóstico de leucemia. Houve associação entre a faixa etária nas médias escores de 5 das 8 dimensões da avaliação da qualidade de vida. Não houveram diferenças estatisticamente significante em nenhuma das dimensões nem no escore total da qualidade de vida com as variáveis sexo da criança e adolescente, tipo de tumor, classe econômica e a escolaridade da mãe. Concluiu-se que faixa etária, o status do tratamento e frequentar a escola são fatores que modificam a avaliação qualidade de vida no relato das crianças e adolescentes, aumentando ou diminuindo as dificuldades frente ao tratamento e a doença.

Survival Analysis Employed in Predicting Corporate Failure: A Forecasting Model Proposal

In face of the current economic and financial environment, predicting corporate bankruptcy is arguably a phenomenon of increasing interest to investors, creditors, borrowing firms, and governments alike. Within the strand of literature focused on bankruptcy forecasting we can find diverse types of research employing a wide variety of techniques, but only a few researchers have used survival analysis for the examination of this issue. We propose a model for the prediction of corporate bankruptcy based on survival analysis, a technique which stands on its own merits. In this research, the hazard rate is the probability of ‘‘bankruptcy’’ as of time t, conditional upon having survived until time t. Many hazard models are applied in a context where the running of time naturally affects the hazard rate. The model employed in this paper uses the time of survival or the hazard risk as dependent variable, considering the unsuccessful companies as censured observations.

Effects and determinants of household debt in Portugal

As the amount of debt has gradually increased, particularly in recent years, Portugal is currently one of the European countries exhibiting one of the highest levels of overall indebtedness, including in both sovereign and private sectors. Indeed, this condition is the outcome of increasing levels of debt assumed not only by the government, but also by companies and families, being the later mostly due to mortgage loans and due charges. This paper focuses on the study of borrowing by Portuguese households. The research has been made in respect to the notion of debt, the consequences of recent developments in debt, among other factors. In order to analyse the factors that are most associated with debt, a study was developed using two multiple regression models, one using a longer time series and another shorter, evaluating the effect of several variables, such as consumption, savings, unemployment, inflation and interest rates, in order to check whether they could be associated with a higher level of debt.

Estudos de impacte ambiental em infraestruturas rodoviárias com recurso a tecnologia SIG e avaliação multicritério

O Estudo de Impacte Ambiental (EIA) é uma peça fundamental no processo de Avaliação Ambiental a que têm de ser submetidos alguns projetos de engenharia. Este é o resultado de atividades e avaliações metodológicas conducentes a identificar/avaliar possíveis impactes, apresentando medidas de minimização e o plano de monitorização. Se existirem múltiplas alternativas, o EIA deve indicar a “ambientalmente mais favorável”. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta metodológica para apoio dessas atividades/avaliações, tendo como estrutura integradora um SIG ligado a modelos externos específicos, constituindo -se assim como uma contribuição para o desenvolvimento de um SADE -MC, no domínio ambiental. Essa proposta engloba a conceção duma rotina interativa, em Visual Basic® para suportar os processos de Screening/Scoping, Avaliação da Significância e Seleção dos Indicadores Ambientais. As funcionalidades do SIG, associadas aos módulos externos, são usadas para prever/quantificar os impactes e os indicadores ambientais. Estes indicadores são então utilizados como critérios, no módulo de avaliação multicritério que utiliza, nesta aplicação, o método ELECTRE III. Isso permite apresentar uma preordenação final das alternativas, desde a “ambientalmente mais favorável” até à mais adversa. Como caso de estudo, essa proposta metodológica é aplicada a um EIA referente ao projeto de um troço de autoestrada no Centro de Portugal.

Cork processing wastewater treatment/valorisation by nanofiltration

Nanofiltration process for the treatment/valorisation of cork processing wastewaters was studied. A DS-5 DK 20/40 (GE Water Technologies) nanofiltration membrane/module was used, having 2.09 m(2) of surface area. Hydraulic permeability was determined with pure water and the result was 5.2 L.h(-1).m(-2).bar(-1). The membrane presents a rejection of 51% and 99% for NaCl and MgSO4 salts, respectively. Two different types of regimes were used in the wastewaters filtration process, total recycling mode and concentration mode. The first filtration regime showed that the most favourable working transmembrane pressure was 7 bar working at 25 degrees C. For the concentration mode experiments it was observed a 30% decline of the permeate fluxes when a volumetric concentration factor of 5 was reached. The permeate COD, BOD5, colour and TOC rejection values remained well above the 90% value, which allows, therefore, the concentration of organic matter (namely the tannin fraction) in the concentrate stream that can be further used by other industries. The permeate characterization showed that it cannot be directly discharged to the environment as it does not fulfil the values of the Portuguese discharge legislation. However, the permeate stream can be recycled to the process (boiling tanks) as it presents no colour and low TOC (< 60 ppm) or if wastewater discharge is envisaged we have observed that the permeate biodegradability is higher than 0.5, which renders conventional wastewater treatments feasible.

Constructing good deals in discrete time arbitrage-free dynamic pricing models

Recent literature has proved that many classical pricing models (Black and Scholes, Heston, etc.) and risk measures (V aR, CV aR, etc.) may lead to “pathological meaningless situations”, since traders can build sequences of portfolios whose risk leveltends to −infinity and whose expected return tends to +infinity, i.e., (risk = −infinity, return = +infinity). Such a sequence of strategies may be called “good deal”. This paper focuses on the risk measures V aR and CV aR and analyzes this caveat in a discrete time complete pricing model. Under quite general conditions the explicit expression of a good deal is given, and its sensitivity with respect to some possible measurement errors is provided too. We point out that a critical property is the absence of short sales. In such a case we first construct a “shadow riskless asset” (SRA) without short sales and then the good deal is given by borrowing more and more money so as to invest in the SRA. It is also shown that the SRA is interested by itself, even if there are short selling restrictions.

Norma contabilística e de relato financeiro 10 – custos de empréstimos obtidos

Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Auditoria Trabalho efetuado sob a orientação do Mestre Carlos Martins

Balancing market integration in MASCEM electricity market simulator

With the restructuring of the energy sector in industrialized countries there is an increased complexity in market players’ interactions along with emerging problems and new issues to be addressed. Decision support tools that facilitate the study and understanding of these markets are extremely useful to provide players with competitive advantage. In this context arises MASCEM, a multi-agent simulator for competitive electricity markets. It is essential to reinforce MASCEM with the ability to recreate electricity markets reality in the fullest possible extent, making it able to simulate as many types of markets models and players as possible. This paper presents the development of the Balancing Market in MASCEM. A key module to the study of competitive electricity markets, as it has well defined and distinct characteristics previously implemented.

A user-centered interface for scheduling problem definition

In this paper we present a user-centered interface for a scheduling system. The purpose of this interface is to provide graphical and interactive ways of defining a scheduling problem. To create such user interface an evaluation-centered user interaction development method was adopted: the star life cycle. The created prototype comprises the Task Module and the Scheduling Problem Module. The first one allows users to define a sequence of operations, i.e., a task. The second one enables a scheduling problem definition, which consists in a set of tasks. Both modules are equipped with a set of real time validations to assure the correct definition of the necessary data input for the scheduling module of the system. The usability evaluation allowed us to measure the ease of interaction and observe the different forms of interaction provided by each participant, namely the reactions to the real time validation mechanism.

Intelligent supervisory control system for home devices using a cyber physical approach

Although we have many electric devices at home, there are just few systems to evaluate, monitor and control them. Sometimes users go out and leave their electric devices turned on what can cause energy wasting and dangerous situations. Therefore most of the users may want to know the using states of their electrical appliances through their mobile devices in a pervasive way. In this paper, we propose an Intelligent Supervisory Control System to evaluate, monitor and control the use of electric devices in home, from outside. Because of the transferring data to evaluate, monitor and control user's location and state of home (ex. nobody at home) may be opened to attacks leading to dangerous situations. In our model we include a location privacy module and encryption module to provide security to user location and data. Intelligent Supervising Control System gives to the user the ability to manage electricity loads by means of a multi-agent system involving evaluation, monitoring, control and energy resource agents.

Complex market integration in MASCEM electricity market simulator

The restructuring that the energy sector has suffered in industrialized countries originated a greater complexity in market players’ interactions, and thus new problems and issues to be addressed. Decision support tools that facilitate the study and understanding of these markets become extremely useful to provide players with competitive advantage. In this context arises MASCEM, a multi-agent system for simulating competitive electricity markets. To provide MASCEM with the capacity to recreate the electricity markets reality in the fullest possible extent, it is essential to make it able to simulate as many market models and player types as possible. This paper presents the development of the Complex Market in MASCEM. This module is fundamental to study competitive electricity markets, as it exhibits different characteristics from the already implemented market types.

LMP based bid formation for virtual power players operating in smart grids

Power system organization has gone through huge changes in the recent years. Significant increase in distributed generation (DG) and operation in the scope of liberalized markets are two relevant driving forces for these changes. More recently, the smart grid (SG) concept gained increased importance, and is being seen as a paradigm able to support power system requirements for the future. This paper proposes a computational architecture to support day-ahead Virtual Power Player (VPP) bid formation in the smart grid context. This architecture includes a forecasting module, a resource optimization and Locational Marginal Price (LMP) computation module, and a bid formation module. Due to the involved problems characteristics, the implementation of this architecture requires the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are used for resource and load forecasting and Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) is used for energy resource scheduling. The paper presents a case study that considers a 33 bus distribution network that includes 67 distributed generators, 32 loads and 9 storage units.

BASS 4: a software system for ergonomic design and evaluation of working hours

OBJECTIVE: To extend an existing computer programme for the evaluation and design of shift schedules (BASS 3) by integrating workload as well as economic aspects. METHODS: The redesigned prototype BASS 4 includes a new module with a suitable and easily applicable screening method (EBA) for the assessment of the intensity of physical, emotional and cognitive workload components and their temporal patterns. Specified criterion functions based on these ratings allow for an adjustment of shift and rest duration according to the intensity of physical and mental workload. Furthermore, with regard to interactive effects both workload and temporal conditions, e.g. time of day, are taken into account. In a second new module, important economic aspects and criteria have been implemented. Different ergonomic solutions for scheduling problems can now also be evaluated with regard to their economic costs. RESULTS: The new version of the computer programme (BASS 4) can now simultaneously take into account numerous ergonomic, legal, agreed and economic criteria for the design and evaluation of working hours. CONCLUSIONS: BASS 4 can now be used as an instrument for the design and the evaluation of working hours with regard to legal, ergonomic and economic aspects at the shop floor as well as in administrative (e.g. health and safety inspection) and research problems.