Impacto da adequação da oferta energética sobre a mortalidade em pacientes de UTI recebendo nutrição enteral

OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre adequação da oferta energética e mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva em pacientes sob terapia nutricional enteral exclusiva. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional prospectivo conduzido em uma unidade de terapia intensiva em 2008 e 2009. Foram incluídos pacientes >18 anos que receberam terapia nutricional enteral por >72h. A adequação da oferta de energia foi estimada pela razão administrado/prescrito. Para a investigação da relação entre variáveis preditoras (adequação da oferta energética, escore APACHE II, sexo, idade e tempo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva e o desfecho mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão logística não condicional. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 63 pacientes (média 58 anos, mortalidade 27%), 47,6% dos quais receberam mais de 90% da energia prescrita (adequação média 88,2%). O balanço energético médio foi de -190 kcal/dia. Observou-se associação significativa entre ocorrência de óbito e as variáveis idade e tempo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva, após a retirada das variáveis adequação da oferta energética, APACHE II e sexo durante o processo de modelagem. CONCLUSÃO: A adequação da oferta energética não influenciou a taxa de mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva. Protocolos de infusão de nutrição enteral seguidos criteriosamente, com adequação administrado/prescrito acima de 70%, parecem ser suficientes para não interferirem na mortalidade. Dessa forma, pode-se questionar a obrigatoriedade de atingir índices próximos a 100%, considerando a elevada frequência com que ocorrem interrupções no fornecimento de dieta enteral devido a intolerância gastrointestinal e jejuns para exames e procedimentos. Pesquisas futuras poderão identificar a meta ideal de adequação da oferta energética que resulte em redução significativa de complicações, mortalidade e custos.

Associação entre o índice de massa corporal de pais e de escolares de 7 a 14 anos de Florianópolis, SC, Brasil

OBJETIVOS: verificar a associação entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) de escolares de 7 a 14 anos e dos respectivos pais. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal com 886 escolares de quatro escolas de Florianópolis, SC. Diagnóstico antropométrico dos escolares e dos pais definido, respectivamente, a partir do IMC para idade de acordo com Centers for Disease Control and Prevention e dos pontos de corte da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A associação entre o IMC dos pais e dos escolares foi estimada por meio da razão de prevalência (RP) com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% e teste qui-quadrado com valor de significância de p< 0,05. RESULTADOS: identificou-se prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade mais elevada em meninos (29,9%) quando comparada a de meninas (17,7%) (p<0,001). Observou-se relação estatisticamente significante entre o IMC de escolares do sexo feminino com o IMC das mães (RP=1,63; IC95%=1,1-3,0; p=0,02) e dos pais (RP=1,78; IC95%= 1,1-3,5; p=0,01). Nos escolares do sexo masculino a associação observada não foi estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÕES: identificou-se que a prevalência do sobrepeso ou obesidade é 1,63 vezes maior, entre as meninas, quando a mãe também apresenta esse distúrbio e 1,78 vezes maior quando o pai o apresenta, em comparação a mães e pais eutróficos ou de baixo peso.

Diet and cancer in Northeast Brazil: evaluation of eating habits and food group consumption in relation to breast cancer

Realizou-se um estudo do tipo caso-controle de base hospitalar no Município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Participaram 183 indivíduos (89 casos e 94 controles) na faixa etária entre 30 e 80 anos, com pareamento por idade. O consumo alimentar de casos e controles foi avaliado por alimentos e grupos de alimentos categorizados em tercis de consumo. A estimativa dos valores da odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) foi realizada por regressão logística múltipla não-condicional. O consumo de frutas e sucos, feijão e leite e derivados apresentou uma forte associação com a redução no risco de câncer de mama. O consumo de carnes vermelhas e de carnes fritas esteve positivamente associado ao risco de câncer de mama (carne vermelha - OR = 4.30; IC95%: 1,74-10,67; p = 0,00). Não foi observada associação entre o consumo dos grupos de vegetais e embutidos com o câncer de mama. Carne vermelha e carnes fritas podem ser fatores de risco, e o consumo de frutas, feijão e leite e derivados pode atuar como protetor do câncer de mama

Determination of banana fruit susceptibility to post-harvest diseases: wound anthracnose, quiescent anthracnose and crown rot

Introduction. This protocol aims at ( a) evaluating the resistance to post-harvest diseases within different genotypes of bananas, and ( b) comparing different origins of bananas ( geographic origin, physiological stage, etc.) for their susceptibility to post-harvest diseases. The principle, key advantages, starting plant material, time required and expected results are presented. Materials and methods. Materials required and details of the twelve steps of the protocol ( fruit sampling and inoculum preparation, wound anthracnose resistance study, quiescent anthracnose resistance study and crown-rot resistance study) are described. Results. Typical symptoms of the different diseases are obtained after artificial inoculation.

Gestão do Conhecimento: a produção científica em períodos brasileiros entre 1997 e 2006

This study analyzes how the subject ""Knowledge Management"" (KM) has been published by authors of the Information Science (IS) and Administration (ADM). The research identifies the most productive periodicals, the most prolific institutions and authors in each area, as well as the results obtained. This is a study that presents the mapping of the Brazilian scientific production on KM, in national periodicals level A from CAPES, in the IS and ADM areas. The study is divided into three periods: 1997-2006, 1997-2001 and 2002-2006. The theoretical foundation is based on Nonaka and Takeuchi, Davenport and Prusak, Davenport and Cronin. Seventy-six articles are analyzed, forty in the IS area and thirty-six in the ADM area. The results indicate that the IS has published much more on the subject KM than the ADM. Although the chart presented is not exhaustive, it represents an important sample of the Brazilian scientific production on KM, from 1997-2006.

Determination of Aflatoxins in Peanut Products in the Northeast Region of Sao Paulo, Brazil

The aim of the present study was to determine aflatoxin levels in peanut products traded in the Northeast region of Sao Paulo, Brazil. To this end, 240 samples of peanut products traded in the cities of Araras, Leme, Pirassununga and Porto Ferreira were collected from June 2006 to May 2007. The samples were analyzed for aflatoxins (AF) B(1), B(2), G(1) and G(2) by high performance liquid chromatography. Results showed 44.2% samples positive for AF at levels of 0.5 to 103.8 mu g.kg(-1). Nine of the positive samples (3.7% of the analysed samples) had total aflatoxin concentrations (B(1)+B(2)+G(1)+G(2)) higher than the limit established by Brazilian regulations (20 mu g.kg(-1)). Based on the above data, the probable mean daily intake (PDI(M)) of aflatoxins from peanut products in the Northeast region of Sao Paulo was estimated to be 0.23 ng kg b.w. day(-1). Although this PDI(M) value was relatively low, results indicate that aflatoxin contamination of peanut products may be a public health concern in Brazil, when considering the potential exposure of highly susceptible consumers. For example, it should be emphasized that children are potentially exposed to aflatoxins, since they consume large quantities of peanut candies, and these products had the highest number of samples positive for AFB(1).

Segregation and activation of myosin IIB creates a rear in migrating cells

We have found that MLC-dependent activation of myosin IIB in migrating cells is required to form an extended rear, which coincides with increased directional migration. Activated myosin IIB localizes prominently at the cell rear and produces large, stable actin. lament bundles and adhesions, which locally inhibit protrusion and de. ne the morphology of the tail. Myosin IIA forms de novo. laments away from the myosin IIB-enriched center and back to form regions that support protrusion. The positioning and dynamics of myosin IIA and IIB depend on the self-assembly regions in their coiled-coil C terminus. COS7 and B16 melanoma cells lack myosin IIA and IIB, respectively; and show isoform-specific front-back polarity in migrating cells. These studies demonstrate the role of MLC activation and myosin isoforms in creating a cell rear, the segregation of isoforms during. lament assembly and their differential effects on adhesion and protrusion, and a key role for the noncontractile region of the isoforms in determining their localization and function.

Phosphorus kinetics in growing hair sheep

Kinetics modelling was used to study the effects of different dietary phosphorus (P) levels on P metabolism in young sheep. An experiment was conducted with 12 Santa Ines lambs receiving a basal diet of a hay-concentrate mixture. Different amounts of dicalcium phosphate were added to the basal diet, to give the following treatments levels of 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 g/animal/day. The isotopic dilution technique (32 p) was used for analyze four compartments: gastrointestinal tract, plasma, bone and soft tissues (liver, heart, kidney and muscle), as well as nutrient flows between them. All P flows showed a positive linear or exponential relationship with P intake. Both incorporation and reabsorption in bone and soft tissue increased with increasing P levels in the diet, with positive retention above 3 g/day. On the 4.5g P/day treatment, reduced P absorption and increased P in the faeces from dietary origin was noted. Three g/day of P treatment was sufficient to meet soft tissue requirements for young sheep. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Middle Pleistocene sea surface temperature in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence Zone: Paleoceanographic implications based on planktonic foraminifera

We reconstructed Middle Pleistocene surface hydrography in the western South Atlantic based on planktonic foraminiferal assemblages, modern analog technique and Globorotalia truncatulinoides isotopic ratios of core SP1251 (38 degrees 29.7`S / 53 degrees 40.7`W / 3400 m water depth). Biostratigraphic analysis suggests that sediments were deposited between 0.3 and 0.12 Ma and therefore correlate to Marine Isotopic Stage 6 or 8. Faunal assemblage-based winter and summer SST estimates suggest that the western South Atlantic at 38 degrees S was 4-6 degrees C colder than at present, within the expected range for a glacial interval. High relative abundances of subantarctic species, particularly the dominance of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (left), support lower than present SSTs throughout the recorded period. The oxygen isotopic composition of G. truncatulinoides suggests a northward shift of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence Zone and of the associated mid-latitude frontal system during this Middle Pleistocene cold period, and a stronger than present influence of superficial subantarctic waters and lowering in SSTs at our core site during the recorded Middle Pleistocene glacial.

A scanning electron microscopic survey of the cuticle in Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida, Opiliones) with the description of novel sensory and glandular structures

The cuticular surfaces of Cyphophthalmi (Opiliones) were studied in detail, covering a wide range of their taxonomic diversity. Previously unknown structures are described, including a sexually dimorphic row of spines and glandular openings on leg I of Fangensis cavernarum. Scanning electron micrographs of the prosomal paired hairs and the subapical process are provided for the first time. Evidence for the multi-pored nature of the shaft of solenidia as well as the hollowed nature and absence of wall pores of sensilla chaetica are also shown for the first time using scanning electron microscopy. The prosomal paired hairs may constitute a novel autapomorphy for Cyphophthalmi, as they are absent in all studied members of the other species of Opiliones. Finally, the variation in shape of some of the structures examined may be of great taxonomic value.

Taekwondo: physiological responses and match analysis

Matsushigue, KA, Hartmann, K, and Franchini, E. Taekwondo: Physiological responses and match analysis. J Strength Cond Res 23(4): 1112-1117, 2009-The aim of the present study was to determine the time structure and physiological responses during Songahm Taekwondo (TKD) competition and to compare these variables between winner and non-winner athletes. Fourteen men subjects were analyzed. Blood lactate concentration (LA) and heart rate (HR) were determined before and after the match. The match was filmed for the determination of the number of techniques used, the duration of effort and rest periods (RPs), and the interval between high-intensity movements (HM). Post-match LA was 7.5 +/- 3.8 mmol.L(-1), HR was 183 +/- 9 b.min(-1), and HM was 31 +/- 16 seconds. The mean effort time (862 seconds) did not differ from mean interval time (8 +/- 3 seconds). Winners used a smaller total number of techniques, but post-match LA or HR did not differ from that of non-winners. In conclusion, the glycolytic metabolism was not the predominant energy source and the physiological responses did not differ between winners and non-winners. Coaches and sports scientists should prepare a technical or physical training session considering the low glycolytic contribution in this sport, hence the training protocol should involve high-intensity movements interspersed with longer RPs to provide the creatine phosphate recovery, with special attention given to the technical quality of TKD skills and not to higher technique volume during a simulation of matches.

Topological instability, average electronegativity difference and glass forming ability of amorphous alloys

In this paper, we report the remarkable agreement of the glass forming ability of binary alloys with a new criterion that combines the topological instability parameter (lambda) and the average electronegativity difference among the elements of an alloy, assuming both exert a synergetic effect. The best glass forming compositions for Zr-Cu and Ti-Ni systems are well predicted by this new approach. Although the new criterion needs further refinement, it is concluded that the proposed approach is a promising and simple tool to guide and reduce the tedious and labour intensive work to find good glass former compositions in metallic systems. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Using of the residues and wood composites for production of an electric guitar

The residues generation is a quite serious problem in several industrial areas and also in the lumbering area. The search for the elimination or reduction of the volume of generated residues is endless, however limited, resulting in the search for a proper destination or better use, instead of simply burning it. A lot of uses and services are commonly proposed, but with low aggregated value to the residue. This work shows the usage viability of different discarded residues and wood composites in the production of an electric guitar. Cupiuba, ipe and jatoba residues have been used besides wood composites of pinus. The residues and wood composites have shown appropriate resistance, surfacing quality and design terms, and could be used to substitute the traditionally wood used in the production of the instrument as well as in other products of similar characteristics and with larger aggregated value.

Material properties and nondestructive evaluation of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made from Pinus oocarpa and P. kesiya

This study aimed at evaluating the mechanical, physical and biological properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made from Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl (PO) and Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon (PK) and at providing a nondestructive characterization thereof. Four PO and four PK LVL boards from 22 randomly selected 2-mm thickness veneers were produced according to the following characteristics: phenol-formaldehyde (190 g/m(2)), hot-pressing at 150A degrees C for 45 min and 2.8 N/mm(2) of specific pressure. After board production, nondestructive evaluation was conducted, and stress wave velocity (v (0)) and dynamic modulus of elasticity (E (Md) ) were determined. The following mechanical and physical properties were then evaluated: static bending modulus of elasticity (E (M) ), modulus of rupture (f (M) ), compression strength parallel to grain (f (c,0)), shear strength parallel to glue-line (f (v,0)), shear strength perpendicular to glue-line (f (v,90)), thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), and permanent thickness swelling (PTS) for 2, 24, and 96-hour of water immersion. Biological property was also evaluated by measuring the weight loss by Trametes versicolor (Linnaeus ex Fries) Pilat (white-rot) and Gloeophyllum trabeum (Persoon ex Fries.) Murrill (brown-rot). After hot-pressing, no bubbles, delamination nor warping were observed for both species. In general, PK boards presented higher mechanical properties: E (M) , E (Md) , f (M) , f (c,0) whereas PO boards were dimensionally more stable, with lower values of WA, TS and PTS in the 2, 24, and 96-hour immersion periods. Board density, f (v,0), f (v,90) and rot weight loss were statistically equal for PO and PK LVL. The prediction of flexural properties of consolidated LVL by the nondestructive method used was not very efficient, and the fitted models presented lower predictability.

Validated method for the quantification of artepillin-C in Brazilian propolis

Brazilian propolis contains several phenolic compounds among which 5 diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (artepillin-C) is commonly found in areas where flora is rich in Baccharis species. The quantification of artepillin-C has become an important factor as an indicator of Brazilian propolis quality and the compound may be used as a chemical marker for quality control in exportating green propolis. This work was to validate the method and evaluate the content of artepillin-C from 33 samples collected in different Brazilian regions. The method used was HPLC with UV-vis detection and a reversed-phase C-18 Column. The validation parameters studied were: linearity, accuracy, precision, quantification and detection limits. The results obtained were: detection limit = 0.0036 mu g/mL, quantification limit = 0.012 mu g/mL, accuracy = 0.0064 and 0.078, recovery 98-102%. Artepillin-C content varied from 0 to 11% depending on the geographical origin. Propolis from the southeast region presented the highest level of artepillin-C (5.0-11.0%). Whist that from the northeast region did not show any artepillin-C. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.