Integrated approach to assess vulnerability of the Coastal Region of Bangladesh due to climate change

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

Positive solutions to find a job: Cultural mismatches between companies and employees

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Integrated functional genomics for improved manufacture of recombinant enveloped virus

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Engineering and Technology Sciences-Biotechnology

Eco-wall modular solutions for buildings

This paper discusses the development of modular solutions for eco low-cost houses based on a pre-fabricated modular wall system environmentally sustainable, socioeconomically competitive and geared towards developing African nations with a housing deficit. The key point to the research of a modular wall solution is a structural layer complemented with local and materials made by non-specialized workforce. This wall also meets also hydrothermal acoustic and mechanical properties. Thus,the solution also offers good safety and interior comfort conditions to its users while maintaining the flexibility to expand the size of the house. Parameters as dimensions, materials and constructive processes of the existing housing stock were studied. Features such as the family size, typology, different uses, common materials, existing regulations, minimal living conditions, safety and comfort have also been considered to achieve the most efficient solution.

The role of integrated home-based care in patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy

Non-adherence is one of the primary obstacles to successful antiretroviral therapy in HIV+ patients worldwide. In Brazil, the Domiciliary Therapeutic Assistance is a multidisciplinary and integrated home-based assistance program provided for HIV+ patients confined in their homes due to physical deficiency. This study investigated ADT's ability to monitor and promote appropriate adherence to ARV therapy. Fifty-six individuals were recruited from three study groups: Group 1 - patients currently in the ADT program, Group 2 - 21 patients previously treated by the ADT program, and Group 3 - 20 patients who have always been treated using conventional ambulatory care. Using multivariable self-reporting to evaluate adherence, patients in the ADT program had significantly better adherence than patients in ambulatory care (F = 6.66, p = 0.003). This effect was independent of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as medical history. Patients in the ADT program also showed a trend towards greater therapeutic success than ambulatory patients. These results suggest the incorporation of characteristics of ADT in conventional ambulatory care as a strategy to increase adherence to ARV therapy.

Amorphous silicon e 3D sensors applied to object detection

Nowadays, existing 3D scanning cameras and microscopes in the market use digital or discrete sensors, such as CCDs or CMOS for object detection applications. However, these combined systems are not fast enough for some application scenarios since they require large data processing resources and can be cumbersome. Thereby, there is a clear interest in exploring the possibilities and performances of analogue sensors such as arrays of position sensitive detectors with the final goal of integrating them in 3D scanning cameras or microscopes for object detection purposes. The work performed in this thesis deals with the implementation of prototype systems in order to explore the application of object detection using amorphous silicon position sensors of 32 and 128 lines which were produced in the clean room at CENIMAT-CEMOP. During the first phase of this work, the fabrication and the study of the static and dynamic specifications of the sensors as well as their conditioning in relation to the existing scientific and technological knowledge became a starting point. Subsequently, relevant data acquisition and suitable signal processing electronics were assembled. Various prototypes were developed for the 32 and 128 array PSD sensors. Appropriate optical solutions were integrated to work together with the constructed prototypes, allowing the required experiments to be carried out and allowing the achievement of the results presented in this thesis. All control, data acquisition and 3D rendering platform software was implemented for the existing systems. All these components were combined together to form several integrated systems for the 32 and 128 line PSD 3D sensors. The performance of the 32 PSD array sensor and system was evaluated for machine vision applications such as for example 3D object rendering as well as for microscopy applications such as for example micro object movement detection. Trials were also performed involving the 128 array PSD sensor systems. Sensor channel non-linearities of approximately 4 to 7% were obtained. Overall results obtained show the possibility of using a linear array of 32/128 1D line sensors based on the amorphous silicon technology to render 3D profiles of objects. The system and setup presented allows 3D rendering at high speeds and at high frame rates. The minimum detail or gap that can be detected by the sensor system is approximately 350 μm when using this current setup. It is also possible to render an object in 3D within a scanning angle range of 15º to 85º and identify its real height as a function of the scanning angle and the image displacement distance on the sensor. Simple and not so simple objects, such as a rubber and a plastic fork, can be rendered in 3D properly and accurately also at high resolution, using this sensor and system platform. The nip structure sensor system can detect primary and even derived colors of objects by a proper adjustment of the integration time of the system and by combining white, red, green and blue (RGB) light sources. A mean colorimetric error of 25.7 was obtained. It is also possible to detect the movement of micrometer objects using the 32 PSD sensor system. This kind of setup offers the possibility to detect if a micro object is moving, what are its dimensions and what is its position in two dimensions, even at high speeds. Results show a non-linearity of about 3% and a spatial resolution of < 2µm.

Mathematical and numerical methods for inverse problems using fundamental solutions techniques

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - SFRH/BD/27914/2006

Preliminary study of the acoustic behavior concerning an innovative prototype for indoor modular partitioning

This paper presents a preliminary acoustic study concerning the development of the first prototype of a patented removable module for interior partitioning. It is a prefabricated, vertical element for division of interior spaces that does not require the use of gutters or technical support. A set of such modules, linearly disposed, will create a division, allowing the personalization of any indoor area, including open office spaces, rooms, among others. The main characteristic that distinguishes this element from the existing solutions available on the market is that its mobility relies exclusively on a set of integrated bearings at the base of each module. Through an incorporated elevation system, the user can lower the module, move it to the desired position and re-elevate it until pressed against the ledge of the ceiling, making it stable. In this sense, and taking into account its acoustic behavior, several tests were made in the LNEC acoustics lab. Airborne sound insulation tests for different typologies of the prototype were conducted, according to the applicable standards EN ISO 354:2003, EN ISO 717-1:2013 and EN ISO 10140-2:2010. Some important conclusions and analysis of the prototype viability were extracted.

Família de DSLs para integrated modular avionics

Na atualidade existe a necessidade de produzir novos aviões de forma rápida, eficiente e económica com o objetivo de abrir novas rotas de voo, expansão das já existentes e substituição de aviões em fim de vida útil. Neste contexto, e sem nunca deixar de cumprir os apertados requisitos do domínio que incluem a exigência de elevada qualidade, a indústria adotou a arquitetura IMA que permite executar várias aplicações aviónicas num único sistema de computação partilhado. Com esta arquitetura, o desenvolvimento do software para as aeronaves ganhou uma elevada relevância, sendo necessário gerar código automaticamente, reutilizar código já testado proveniente de outras aplicações anteriormente desenvolvidas e garantir o mais cedo possível que o software desenvolvido se encontra de acordo com os standards. Apesar da complexidade do domínio, desenvolveu-se uma ferramenta que permite produzir a estrutura do código de novas aplicações para a aviónica. Aferramenta lida com a variabilidade das diversas linhas de produto e reduz o tempo de desenvolvimento. Uma DSL poderia ser uma solução apropriada, pois permite cobrir diversos requisitos exigidos, no entanto, esta solução não é exequível porque seria necessário produzir uma linguagem para cada configuração de software aviónico diferente se pretendêssemos tirar partido da especificidade. Com esta dissertação, solucionou-se esta dificuldade com recurso à noção de família de DSLs. Trata-se de um conjunto de linguagens para um domínio específico, que apresentam um conjunto comum de conceitos chave, mas que adaptam alguns desses conceitos para cumprir a variabilidade dos requisitos. Utilizou-se a abordagem MDD para desenvolver um gerador automático de DSLs que é capaz de produzir a linguagem desejada de acordo com a configuração de software pretendida para a partição pertencente a um módulo aviónico. As linguagens geradas apresentam um nível de usabilidade adequada para o domínio, bem como têm a capacidade de validar as construções efetuadas usando a DSL e produzir os artefactos pretendidos.

Integrated care approaches and skills mix policies in Europe

ABSTRACT - Background: Integration of health care services is emerging as a central challenge of health care delivery, particularly for patients with elderly and complex chronic conditions. In 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) already began to identify it as one of the key pathways to improve primary care. In 2005, the European Commission declared integrated care as vital for the sustainability of social protection systems in Europe. Nowadays, it is recognized as a core component of health and social care reforms across European countries. Implementing integrated care requires coordination between settings, organizations, providers and professionals. In order to address the challenge of integration in such complex scenario, an effective workforce is required capable of working across interdependent settings. The World Health Report 2006 noted that governments should prepare their workforce and explore what tasks the different levels of health workers are trained to do and are capable of performing (skills mix). Comparatively to other European countries, Portugal is at an early stage in what integrated care is concerned facing a growing elderly population and the subsequent increase in the pressure on institutions and professionals to provide social and medical care in the most cost-effective way. In 2006 the Portuguese government created the Portuguese Network for Integrated Care Development (PNICD) to solve the existing long-term gap in social support and healthcare. On what concerns health workforce, the Portuguese government already recognized the importance of redefine careers keeping professional motivation and satisfaction. Aim of the study: This study aims to contribute new evidence to the debate surrounding integrated care and skills mix policies in Europe. It also seeks to provide the first evidence that incorporates both the current dynamics of implementing integrated care in Portugal and the developments of international literature. The first ambition of our study is to contribute to the growing interest in integrated care and to the ongoing research in this area by identifying its different approaches and retrieve a number of experiences in some European countries. Our second goal of this research is to produce an update on the knowledge developed on skills mix to the international healthcare management community and to policy makers involved in reforming healthcare systems and organizations. To better inform Portuguese health policies makers in a third stage we explore the current dynamics of implementing integrated care in Portugal and contextualize them with the developments reported in the international literature. Methodology: This is essentially an exploratory and descriptive study using qualitative methodology. In order to identify integrated care approaches in Europe, a systematic literature review was undertaken which resulted in a paper published in the Journal of Management and Marketing in Health care titled: Approaches to developing integrated care in Europe: a systematic literature review. This article was recommended and included into a list of references identified by The King's Fund Library. A second systematic literature review was undertaken which resulted in a paper published in the International Journal of Healthcare Management titled: Skills mix in healthcare: An international update for the management debate. Semi-structured interviews were performed on experts representing the regional coordination teams of the Portuguese Network for Integrated Care Development. In a last stage a questionnaire survey was developed based on the findings of both systematic literature reviews and semi-structured interviews. Conclusions: Even though integrated care is a worldwide trend in health care reforms, there is no unique definition. Definitions can be grouped according to their sectorial focus: community-based care, combined health and social care, combined acute and primary care, the integration of providers, and in a more comprehensive approach the whole health system. Indeed, models that seek to apply the principles of integrated care have a similar background and are continually evolving and depend on the different initiatives taken at national level. . Despite the fact that we cannot argue that there is one single set typology of models for integrated care, it is possible to identify and categorize some of the basic approaches that have been taken in attempts to implement integrated care according to: changes in organizational structure, workforce reconfiguring, and changes in the financing system. The systematic literature review on skills mix showed that despite the widely acknowledged interest on skills mix initiatives there is a lack of evidence on skills mix implications, constraints, outcomes, and quality impact that would allow policy makers to take sustained and evidence-based decisions. Within the Portuguese health system, the integrated care approach is rather organizational and financial, whereas little attention is given to workforce integration. On what concerns workforce planning Portugal it is still in the stage of analyzing the acceptability of health workforce skills mix. In line with the international approaches, integration of health and social services and bridging primary and acute care are the main goals of the national government strategy. The findings from our interviews clarify perceptions which show no discrepancy with the related literature but are rather scarce comparing to international experience. Informants hold a realistic but narrow view of integrated care related issues. They seem to be limited to the regional context, requiring a more comprehensive perspective. The questionnaire developed in this thesis is an instrument which, when applied, will allow policy makers to understand the basic set of concepts and managerial motivations behind national and regional integrated care programs. The instrument developed can foster evidence on the three essential components of integrated care policies: organizational, financial, and human resources development, and can give additional input on the context in which integrated care is being developed, the type of providers and organizations involved, barriers and constraints, and the workforce skills mix planning related strategies. The thesis was successful in recognizing differences between countries and interventions and the instrument developed will allow a better comprehension of the international options available and how to address the vital components of integrated care programs.

Integrated data model and DSL modifications

Companies are increasingly more and more dependent on distributed web-based software systems to support their businesses. This increases the need to maintain and extend software systems with up-to-date new features. Thus, the development process to introduce new features usually needs to be swift and agile, and the supporting software evolution process needs to be safe, fast, and efficient. However, this is usually a difficult and challenging task for a developer due to the lack of support offered by programming environments, frameworks, and database management systems. Changes needed at the code level, database model, and the actual data contained in the database must be planned and developed together and executed in a synchronized way. Even under a careful development discipline, the impact of changing an application data model is hard to predict. The lifetime of an application comprises changes and updates designed and tested using data, which is usually far from the real, production, data. So, coding DDL and DML SQL scripts to update database schema and data, is the usual (and hard) approach taken by developers. Such manual approach is error prone and disconnected from the real data in production, because developers may not know the exact impact of their changes. This work aims to improve the maintenance process in the context of Agile Platform by Outsystems. Our goal is to design and implement new data-model evolution features that ensure a safe support for change and a sound migration process. Our solution includes impact analysis mechanisms targeting the data model and the data itself. This provides, to developers, a safe, simple, and guided evolution process.

O impacto da Rede Nacional de Cuidados Continuados Integrados (RNCCI) na demora média hospitalar

RESUMO - Enquadramento: O envelhecimento dos indivíduos nos países mais desenvolvidos e o aumento da incidência de doenças crónicas associadas a estados de dependência e incapacidade têm contribuído para o desenho e implementação de novas políticas de saúde e sociais. Assiste-se, por isso, atualmente, a uma mudança no paradigma da procura de cuidados de saúde, sendo crescente a procura de cuidados de longa duração ou cuidados continuados. O desenvolvimento e implementação de novos modelos de prestação de cuidados de saúde pretendem dar resposta à crescente procura de cuidados continuados, bem como promover a eficiência dos serviços e a disponibilização de camas nos hospitais, retirando dos serviços de agudos as pessoas que não necessitam de cuidados hospitalares, mas sim de cuidados continuados. Neste contexto foi criada em Portugal a Rede Nacional de Cuidados Continuados Integrados (RNCCI), como resposta ao aumento do número de pessoas em situação de dependência, e que necessitam tanto de cuidados de saúde como sociais, e à necessidade de reorganizar e promover a eficiência dos serviços de internamento hospitalar. Objetivo: Determinar o impacto da RNCCI na demora média hospitalar, no período de tempo compreendido entre 1 de Janeiro de 2009 e 31 de Junho de 2011. Métodos: O estudo realizado, com base na revisão da literatura, descreve os principais aspectos referentes ao envelhecimento dos indivíduos e aos cuidados continuados. Foram descritos diferentes modelos e programas organizacionais de prestação de cuidados continuados e o seu impacto na demora média hospitalar. Foi determinada a população em estudo no período de tempo compreendido entre 1 de Janeiro de 2009 e 31 de Junho de 2011. A população foi caraterizada de acordo com o ano e distribuída por dez trimestres para melhor tratamento estatístico e leitura dos dados. Foi considerado o sexo e a faixa etária dos indivíduos sinalizados, de acordo com o GDH de internamento hospitalar e respetiva sub-região de saúde. Foi comparada por trimestre a demora média dos internamentos hospitalares e a demora média hospitalar dos episódios referenciados a nível nacional e ao nível das sub-regiões de saúde. Foram caraterizados os GDH que representam 50% das sinalizações. Foram analisados, por semestre, os três GDH com maior número de referenciações para a RNCCI de acordo com as diferentes regiões de saúde, comparando as respetivas demoras médias nacionais e regionais. Resultados: No periodo de tempo em análise foi verificado que a população com maior utilização dos serviços da RNCCI encontra-se na faixa etária entre 65 ou mais anos, com 79,4% do total de sinalizações efetuadas. Tendo 50% das sinalizações sido referentes aos GDH 14, GDH 211, GDH 533, GDH 818, GDH 810 e GDH 209. Foi apurada uma demora média nacional compreendida entre os 7,3 dias e os 7,7 dias, comparativamente a uma demora média dos episódios referenciados para a RNCCI compreendida entre os 21,9 dias e os 33 dias, para o mesmo período de tempo. Em termos regionais a região de LVT apresenta os valores de demora média mais elevados, com um intervalo entre os 28,8 dias e os 50,3 dias de demora média. Para o GDH 14 foi observada uma demora média dos episódios referenciados compreendida entre os 14,4 dias e os 26,7 dias. No mesmo período de tempo o a demora média nacional para o mesmo GDH situava-se entre os 9,8 dias e os 10,2 dias. Para o GDH 211 foi observada uma demora média dos episódios referenciados compreendida entre os 17,2 dias e os 28,9 dias. Comparativamente a demora média nacional para o mesmo GDH situava-se entre os 12,5 dias e os 13,5 dias. Para o GDH 533 foi observada uma demora média dos episódios referenciados compreendida entre os 23,3 dias e os 52,7 dias. Comparativamente, no mesmo período de tempo, a demora média nacional para o mesmo GDH situava-se entre os 18,7 dias e os 19,7 dias. Conclusões: Foi possível concluir, quanto ao impacto da RNCCI na demora média hospitalar, que a demora média dos episódios referenciados para a Rede é superior à demora média nacional em todo o período de tempo em análise. Relativamente à demora média dos GDH com maior número de referenciações, os GDH 14, 211 e 533, verifica-se que todos eles apresentam uma demora média de referenciação superior à demora média nacional, e demora média regional para o mesmo GDH, em todo o período de tempo do estudo. Ou seja, foi possível verificar que a demora média para indivíduos com o mesmo GDH é superior nos que são referenciados para a RNCCI.

Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea: Issues and Solutions for the 21st Century

A producer of 5.4 M bbl/d, totalling almost half of the consumption of the entire European Union, the Gulf of Guinea is a fundamental lifeline and maritime link between Europe, the Americas and Africa. Geographically positioned as a staging post for transit originating in Latin America and coupled with its relatively porous borders, the region is also the perfect stepping stone for contraband heading to European shores. While blessed with an enviable wealth of marine and mineral resources, the region is also plagued by an ever-increasing spectre of maritime piracy; accounting for around 30% of incidents in African waters from 2003 to 2011. It is for these reasons that this research centres around the issues of maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea, with a particular focus on the first two decades of the 21st century. This research looks to examine the overall picture of the present state of play in the area, before going on to provide an analysis of potential regional developments in maritime security. This research begins with the analysis of concepts/phenomena that have played a notable role in the shaping of the field of maritime security, namely Globalisation and security issues in the post-Cold War era. The ensuing chapter then focuses in on the Gulf of Guinea and the issues dominating the field of maritime security in the region. The penultimate chapter presents a SWOT analysis, undertaken as part of this research with the aim of correlating opinions from a variety of sectors/professions regarding maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea. The final chapter builds upon the results obtained from the abovementioned SWOT analysis, presenting a series of potential proposals/strategies that can contribute to the field of maritime security in the region over the coming years. This research draws to a close with the presentation of conclusions taken from this particular investigation, as well as a final overview of the earlier presented proposals applicable to the field of maritime security during the second decade of the 21st century.

An integrated approach to Physcomitrella patens transcriptomics reveals importantclues of the evolutionary development of plant organs and sexual reproduction

Land plant evolution required the generation of a new body plan that could resist the harsher and fluctuating environmental conditions found outside of aquatic environments. Unraveling the genetic basis of plant developmental innovations is not only revealing in terms of an evolutionary point of view, but it is also important for understanding the emergence of agronomically important traits. Comparative genetic studies between basal and modern land plants, both at the genome and trancriptome levels, can help in the generation of hypotheses related to the genetic basis of plant evolutionary development.(...)

E-commerce for Unilver food solutions

NSBE - UNL