Twinning partial multiplication at grain boundary in nanocrystalline fcc metals

Most deformation twins in nanocrystalline face-centered cubic fcc metals have been observed to form from grain boundaries. The growth of such twins requires the emission of Shockley partials from the grain boundary on successive slip planes. However, it is statistically improbable for a partial to exist on every slip plane. Here we propose a dislocation reaction and cross-slip mechanism on the grain boundary that would supply a partial on every successive slip plane for twin growth.This mechanism can also produce a twin with macrostrain smaller than that caused by a conventional twin.

Nonlinear oscillations in discrete and continuous systems

The first thesis topic is a perturbation method for resonantly coupled nonlinear oscillators. By successive near-identity transformations of the original equations, one obtains new equations with simple structure that describe the long time evolution of the motion. This technique is related to two-timing in that secular terms are suppressed in the transformation equations. The method has some important advantages. Appropriate time scalings are generated naturally by the method, and don't need to be guessed as in two-timing. Furthermore, by continuing the procedure to higher order, one extends (formally) the time scale of valid approximation. Examples illustrate these claims. Using this method, we investigate resonance in conservative, non-conservative and time dependent problems. Each example is chosen to highlight a certain aspect of the method.

The second thesis topic concerns the coupling of nonlinear chemical oscillators. The first problem is the propagation of chemical waves of an oscillating reaction in a diffusive medium. Using two-timing, we derive a nonlinear equation that determines how spatial variations in the phase of the oscillations evolves in time. This result is the key to understanding the propagation of chemical waves. In particular, we use it to account for certain experimental observations on the Belusov-Zhabotinskii reaction.

Next, we analyse the interaction between a pair of coupled chemical oscillators. This time, we derive an equation for the phase shift, which measures how much the oscillators are out of phase. This result is the key to understanding M. Marek's and I. Stuchl's results on coupled reactor systems. In particular, our model accounts for synchronization and its bifurcation into rhythm splitting.

Finally, we analyse large systems of coupled chemical oscillators. Using a continuum approximation, we demonstrate mechanisms that cause auto-synchronization in such systems.

Nonexistence of looping trajectories in hydromagnetic waves of finite amplitude. Breaking of waves in a cold collision-free plasma in a magnetic field. On stabilities of periodic waves in a cold collision-free plasma in a magnetic field.

This dissertation consists of three parts. In Part I, it is shown that looping trajectories cannot exist in finite amplitude stationary hydromagnetic waves propagating across a magnetic field in a quasi-neutral cold collision-free plasma. In Part II, time-dependent solutions in series expansion are presented for the magnetic piston problem, which describes waves propagating into a quasi-neutral cold collision-free plasma, ensuing from magnetic disturbances on the boundary of the plasma. The expansion is equivalent to Picard's successive approximations. It is then shown that orbit crossings of plasma particles occur on the boundary for strong disturbances and inside the plasma for weak disturbances. In Part III, the existence of periodic waves propagating at an arbitrary angle to the magnetic field in a plasma is demonstrated by Stokes expansions in amplitude. Then stability analysis is made for such periodic waves with respect to side-band frequency disturbances. It is shown that waves of slow mode are unstable whereas waves of fast mode are stable if the frequency is below the cutoff frequency. The cutoff frequency depends on the propagation angle. For longitudinal propagation the cutoff frequency is equal to one-fourth of the electron's gyrofrequency. For transverse propagation the cutoff frequency is so high that waves of all frequencies are stable.

Plasma channeling by multiple short-pulse lasers

Channeling by a train of laser pulses into homogeneous and inhomogeneous plasmas is studied using particle-in-cell simulation. When the pulse duration and the interval between the successive pulses are appropriate, the laser pulse train can channel into the plasma deeper than a single long-pulse laser of similar peak intensity and total energy. The increased penetration distance can be attributed to the repeated actions of the ponderomotive force, the continuous between-pulse channel lengthening by the inertially evacuating ions, and the suppression of laser-driven plasma instabilities by the intermittent laser-energy cut-offs.

Spectral effects for an ultrashort pulse train propagating in a two-level atom medium

We investigate the spectra of a femtosecond pulse train propagating in a resonant two-level atom (TLA) medium. it is found that higher spectral components can be produced even for a 2 pi femtosecond pulse train. Furthermore, the spectral effects depend crucially on both the relative shift phi and the delay time tau between the successive pulses of the femtosecond pulse train.

飞秒脉冲波列激发的半导体量子阱中再发射场的相位演变

本文研究了在被飞秒脉冲波列激发的半导体量子阱中再发射场的相位性质。再发射场的相位演化受入射脉冲波列的相对相位控制。对于所有的奇数次入射脉冲激发，再发射场与入射场相位演化是：反相到同相再到反相；但是对于所有的偶数次入射脉冲激发，情况发生了反转，即再发射场与入射场相位演化是：同相到反相再到同相。

Spatiotemporal evolution and multiple self-focusing of ultrashort pulses in a resonant two-level medium

The spatiotemporal evolutions of ultrashort pulses in two dimensions are investigated numerically by solving the coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations without invoking the slowly varying envelope approximation and rotating-wave approximation. For an on-axis 2n pi sech pulse, local delay makes the temporal split 2 pi sech pulses crescent-shaped in the transverse distribution. Due to the transverse effect, the temporal split 2 pi sech pulses become unstable and experience reshaping during the propagation process. Then, interference occurs between the successive crescent-shaped pulses and multiple self-focusing can form.

Methods of multiparameter inversion of seismic data using the acoustic and elastic born approximations

This thesis presents two different forms of the Born approximations for acoustic and elastic wavefields and discusses their application to the inversion of seismic data. The Born approximation is valid for small amplitude heterogeneities superimposed over a slowly varying background. The first method is related to frequency-wavenumber migration methods. It is shown to properly recover two independent acoustic parameters within the bandpass of the source time function of the experiment for contrasts of about 5 percent from data generated using an exact theory for flat interfaces. The independent determination of two parameters is shown to depend on the angle coverage of the medium. For surface data, the impedance profile is well recovered.

The second method explored is mathematically similar to iterative tomographic methods recently introduced in the geophysical literature. Its basis is an integral relation between the scattered wavefield and the medium parameters obtained after applying a far-field approximation to the first-order Born approximation. The Davidon-Fletcher-Powell algorithm is used since it converges faster than the steepest descent method. It consists essentially of successive backprojections of the recorded wavefield, with angular and propagation weighing coefficients for density and bulk modulus. After each backprojection, the forward problem is computed and the residual evaluated. Each backprojection is similar to a before-stack Kirchhoff migration and is therefore readily applicable to seismic data. Several examples of reconstruction for simple point scatterer models are performed. Recovery of the amplitudes of the anomalies are improved with successive iterations. Iterations also improve the sharpness of the images.

The elastic Born approximation, with the addition of a far-field approximation is shown to correspond physically to a sum of WKBJ-asymptotic scattered rays. Four types of scattered rays enter in the sum, corresponding to P-P, P-S, S-P and S-S pairs of incident-scattered rays. Incident rays propagate in the background medium, interacting only once with the scatterers. Scattered rays propagate as if in the background medium, with no interaction with the scatterers. An example of P-wave impedance inversion is performed on a VSP data set consisting of three offsets recorded in two wells.

Ictiólogos de la Argentina: Raúl Horacio Arámburu

This series will include all those people who, by means of their contributions, great and small, played a part in the consolidation of ichthyology in Argentina. The general plan of this work consists of individual factsheets containing a list of works by each author, along with reference bibliography and, whenever possible, personal pictures and additional material. The datasheets will be published primarily in chronological order, although this is subject to change by the availability of materials for successive editions. This work represents another approach for the recovery and revalorization of those who set the foundations of Argentine ichthyology while in diverse historical circumstances. I expect this to be the beginning of a major work that achieves the description of such a significant part of the history of natural sciences in Argentina.

Ictiólogos de la Argentina: Lauce Rubén Freyre.

This series will include all those people who, by means of their contributions, great and small, played a part in the consolidation of ichthyology in Argentina. The general plan of this work consists of individual factsheets containing a list of works by each author, along with reference bibliography and, whenever possible, personal pictures and additional material. The datasheets will be published primarily in chronological order, although this is subject to change by the availability of materials for successive editions. This work represents another approach for the recovery and revalorization of those who set the foundations of Argentine ichthyology while in diverse historical circumstances. I expect this to be the beginning of a major work that achieves the description of such a significant part of the history of natural sciences in Argentina.

Ictiólogos de la Argentina: Roberto Carlos Menni.

This series will include all those people who, by means of their contributions, great and small, played a part in the consolidation of ichthyology in Argentina. The general plan of this work consists of individual factsheets containing a list of works by each author, along with reference bibliography and, whenever possible, personal pictures and additional material. The datasheets will be published primarily in chronological order, although this is subject to change by the availability of materials for successive editions. This work represents another approach for the recovery and revalorization of those who set the foundations of Argentine ichthyology while in diverse historical circumstances. I expect this to be the beginning of a major work that achieves the description of such a significant part of the history of natural sciences in Argentina.

Effect of cerium oxide on the precipitation of silver nanoparticles in femtosecond laser irradiated silicate glass

We investigated the effect of cerium oxide on the precipitation of Ag nanoparticles in silicate glass via a femtosecond laser irradiation and successive annealing. Absorption spectra show that Ce3+ ions may absorb part of the laser energy via multiphoton absorption and release free electrons, resulting in an increase of the concentration of Ag atoms and a decrease of the concentration of hole-trapped color centers, which influence precipitation of the Ag nanoparticles. In addition, we found that the formed Ag-0 may reduce Ce4+ ions to Ce3+ ions during the annealing process, which inhibits the growth of the Ag nanoparticles.

Generation and discrimination of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states using dipole-induced transparency in a cavity-waveguide system

We propose an efficient scheme to build an arbitrary multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state and discriminate all the universal Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states using parity measurement based on dipole-induced transparency in a cavity-waveguide system. A prominent advantage is that initial entangled states remain after nondetective identification and they can be used for successive tasks. We analyze the performance and possible errors of the required single-qubit rotations and emphasize that the scheme is reliable and can satisfy the current experimental technology.

La cerámica de la Segunda Edad del Hierro en el País Vasco: Estudio tecnológico, funcional y social

670 p. Capítulos de introducción, metodología, discusión y conclusiones en castellano e inglés.

Produção in vitro e criopreservação de raízes de Cleome rosea Vahl (Capparaceae)

Cleome rosea é uma espécie nativa, de porte herbáceo, ocorrente em restingas brasileiras. Estudos recentes têm revelado o potencial medicinal da espécie para importantes propriedades farmacológicas, como por exemplo, as atividades anti-inflamatória, antigenotóxica, antiviral e antibacteriana. Porém, nos últimos anos, C. rosea não tem sido encontrada em várias regiões de seu ambiente natural, devido, principalmente, às ações antrópicas. Dessa forma, torna-se relevante o desenvolvimento de métodos de conservação que permitam o estudo e exploração das propriedades medicinais da espécie. O cultivo in vitro de raízes representa uma forma eficiente para produção de biomassa, devido ao rápido crescimento, produção estável de metabólitos, além de representar uma potencial fonte de explantes para a propagação em massa de diferentes espécies. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a produção in vitro de culturas de raízes de C. rosea, associada à criopreservação, como forma de manutenção em longo prazo das culturas, monitorada através da análise de estabilidade genética. As culturas estabelecidas a partir de explantes radiculares de plantas propagadas in vitro de C. rosea demonstraram excelente capacidade de multiplicação de raízes em meio de cultura suplementado com o fitorregulador ANA, com manutenção dessa capacidade ao longo de sucessivas subculturas. Associado a esses resultados, o estabelecimento de protocolos de criopreservação pelo método de vitrificação resultou em elevados valores de frequência de recuperação do material após congelamento em nitrogênio líquido com as soluções de vitrificação PVS2 e PVS3. Os estudos de monitoramento da estabilidade genética, pela técnica de marcadores moleculares RAPD, revelaram a presença de polimorfismos significativos em uma das três culturas iniciadas a partir de raízes de C. rosea criopreservadas. Esses resultados demonstram as possibilidades de produção de raízes de C. rosea e conservação em longo prazo através da criopreservação, iniciando estudos inéditos para a espécie.