A comparative study of legitimation strategies in hybrid regimes

Maurer, Markus: Skill Formation Regimes in South Asia, A Comparative Study on the Path-Dependent Development of Technical and Vocational Education and Training for the Garment Industry (Komparatistische Bibliothek; Bd. 21). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang 2011 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Maurer, Markus: Skill Formation Regimes in South Asia, A Comparative Study on the Path-Dependent Development of Technical and Vocational Education and Training for the Garment Industry (Komparatistische Bibliothek; Bd. 21), Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang 2011 (449 S.; ISBN Skill Formation Regi)

Quantification of the effects of architectural traits on dry mass production and light interception of tomato canopy under different temperature regimes using a dynamic functional-structural plant model

There is increasing interest in evaluating the environmental effects on crop architectural traits and yield improvement. However, crop models describing the dynamic changes in canopy structure with environmental conditions and the complex interactions between canopy structure, light interception, and dry mass production are only gradually emerging. Using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as a model crop, a dynamic functional-structural plant model (FSPM) was constructed, parameterized, and evaluated to analyse the effects of temperature on architectural traits, which strongly influence canopy light interception and shoot dry mass. The FSPM predicted the organ growth, organ size, and shoot dry mass over time with high accuracy (>85%). Analyses of this FSPM showed that, in comparison with the reference canopy, shoot dry mass may be affected by leaf angle by as much as 20%, leaf curvature by up to 7%, the leaf length: width ratio by up to 5%, internode length by up to 9%, and curvature ratios and leaf arrangement by up to 6%. Tomato canopies at low temperature had higher canopy density and were more clumped due to higher leaf area and shorter internodes. Interestingly, dry mass production and light interception of the clumped canopy were more sensitive to changes in architectural traits. The complex interactions between architectural traits, canopy light interception, dry mass production, and environmental conditions can be studied by the dynamic FSPM, which may serve as a tool for designing a canopy structure which is 'ideal' in a given environment.

Emerging Gender Regimes and Policies for Gender Equality in a Wider Europe

This article addresses some implications for gender equality and gender policy at European and national levels of transformations in family, economy and polity, which challenge gender regimes across Europe. Women’s labour market participation in the west and the collapse of communism in the east have undermined the systems and assumptions of western male breadwinner and dual worker models of central and eastern Europe. Political reworking of the work/welfare relationship into active welfare has individualised responsibility. Individualisation is a key trend west − and in some respects east − and challenges the structures that supported care in state and family. The links that joined men to women, cash to care, incomes to carers have all been fractured. The article will argue that care work and unpaid care workers are both casualties of these developments. Social, political and economic changes have not been matched by the development of new gender models at the national level. And while EU gender policy has been admired as the most innovative aspect of its social policy, gender equality is far from achieved: women’s incomes across Europe are well below men’s; policies for supporting unpaid care work have developed modestly compared with labour market activation policies.Enlargement brings new challenges as it draws together gender regimes with contrasting histories and trajectories. The article will map social policies for gender equality across the key elements of gender regimes – paid work, care work, income, time and voice – and discuss the nature of a model of gender equality that would bring gender equality across these. It analyses ideas about a dual earner–dual carer model, in the Dutch combination scenario and ‘universal caregiver’ models, at household and civil society levels. These offer a starting point for a model in which paid and unpaid work are equally valued and equally shared between men and women, but we argue that a citizenship model, in which paid and unpaid work obligations are underpinned by social rights, is more likely to achieve gender equality.

Ecological effects of flow and temperature regimes on fish communities in temperate rivers

Les organismes aquatiques sont adaptés à une grande variabilité hydrique et thermique des rivières. Malgré ceci, la régulation des eaux suscite des changements aux débits qui peuvent provoquer des impacts négatifs sur la biodiversité et les processus écologiques en rivière. Celle-ci peut aussi causer des modifications au niveau des régimes thermiques et des caractéristiques de l’habitat du poisson. Des données environnementales et biologiques décrivant l’habitat du poisson existent, mais elles sont incomplètes pour plusieurs rivières au Canada et de faible qualité, limitant les relations quantitatives débit-température-poissons à un petit nombre de rivières ou à une région étudiée. La recherche menée dans le cadre de mon doctorat concerne les impacts de la génération d'hydroélectricité sur les rivières; soit les changements aux régimes hydriques et thermiques reliés à la régulation des eaux sur la variation des communautés ichtyologiques qui habitent les rivières régulées et naturelles au Canada. Suite à une comparaison d’échantillonnage de pêche, une méthode constante pour obtenir des bons estimés de poisson (richesse, densité et biomasse des espèces) a été établie pour évaluer la structure de la communauté de poissons pour l’ensemble des rivières ciblées par l’étude. Afin de mieux comprendre ces changements environnementaux, les principales composantes décrivant ces régimes ont été identifiées et l’altération des régimes hydriques pour certaines rivières régulées a été quantifiée. Ces résultats ont servi à établir la relation significative entre le degré de changement biotique et le degré de changement hydrique pour illustrer les différences entre les régimes de régulation. Pour faire un complément aux indices biotiques déjà calculés pour l’ensemble des communautés de poissons (diversité, densité et biomasse des espèces par rivière), les différences au niveau des guildes de poissons ont été quantifiées pour expliquer les divers effets écologiques dus aux changements de régimes hydriques et thermiques provenant de la gestion des barrages. Ces derniers résultats servent à prédire pour quels traits écologiques ou groupes d’espèces de poissons les composantes hydriques et thermiques sont importantes. De plus, ces derniers résultats ont servi à mettre en valeur les variables décrivant les régimes thermiques qui ne sont pas toujours inclues dans les études hydro-écologiques. L’ensemble des résultats de cette thèse ont des retombées importantes sur la gestion des rivières en évaluant, de façon cohérente, l’impact de la régulation des rivières sur les communautés de poissons et en développant des outils de prévision pour la restauration des écosystèmes riverains.

A evolução do direito de asilo e regimes de proteção a refugiados em Portugal (1975-2015)

Este texto procede a uma análise da legislação e das medidas específicas adotadas sobre o asilo no Portugal democrático, com o objetivo de caracterizar o regime de asilo que vigorou entre 1975 e 2015 e, nomeadamente, apurar se este foi um regime aberto, com uma visão integracionista, ou se foi um regime fechado com uma visão exclusivista. Isto é, se o regime de asilo promoveu uma política ativa de receção e integração de refugiados, ou se, pelo contrário, a política seguida pretendeu limitar o acesso de refugiados às fronteiras do Estado e impor medidas restritivas de forma a excluí-los da integração na sociedade de acolhimento.

Regimes alimentares no cavalo de desporto : a utilização de alimentos compostos complementares na suplementação das dietas

Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica / Produção Animal

Regimes of spray vaporization and combustion in counterflow configurations

This article addresses the problem of spray vaporization and combustion in axisymmetric opposed-jet configurations involving a stream of hot air counterflowing against a stream of nitrogen carrying a spray of fuel droplets. The Reynolds numbers of the jets are assumed to be large, so that mixing of the two streams is restricted to a thin mixing layer that separates the counterflowing streams. The evolution of the droplets in their feed stream from the injection location is seen to depend fundamentally on the value of the droplet Stokes number, St, defined as the ratio of the droplet acceleration time to the mixing layer strain time close to the stagnation point. Two different regimes of spray vaporization and combustion can be identified depending on the value of St. For values of St below a critical value, equal to 1/4 for dilute sprays with small values of the spray liquid mass loading ratio, the droplets decelerate to approach the gas stagnation plane with a vanishing axial velocity. In this case, the droplets located initially near the axis reach the mixing layer, where they can vaporize due to the heat received from the hot air, producing fuel vapor that can burn with the oxygen in a diffusion flame located on the air side of the mixing layer. The character of the spray combustion is different for values of St of order unity, because the droplets cross the stagnation plane and move into the opposing air stream, reaching distances that are much larger than the mixing layer thickness before they turn around. The vaporization of these crossing droplets, and also the combustion of the fuel vapor generated by them, occur in the hot air stream, without significant effects of molecular diffusion, generating a vaporization-assisted nonpremixed flame that stands on the air side outside the mixing layer. Separate formulations will be given below for these two regimes of combustion, with attention restricted to the near-stagnation-point region, where the solution is self-similar and all variables are only dependent on the distance to the stagnation plane. The resulting formulations display a reduced number of controlling parameters that effectively embody dependences of the structure of the spray flame on spray dilution, droplet inertia, and fuel preferential diffusion. Sample solutions are given for the limiting cases of pure vaporization and of infinitely fast chemistry, with the latter limit formulated in terms of chemistry-free coupling functions that allow for general nonunity Lewis numbers of the fuel vapor.

Variabilidade da concentração média de CO2 acima da floresta Amazônica durante a noite associada a distintos regimes turbulentos.

Estudou-se a Camada Limite Noturna ? CLN sobre área de floresta tropical primária a nordeste do Estado do Amazonas, no Observatório Amazônico da Torre Alta ? OATA ou Amazon Tall Tower Observatory ? ATTO. Foi aplicada a metodologia disponível na literatura que permitiu a caracterização da CLN em três regimes turbulentos: 1º) de turbulência fraca, com velocidade média do vento baixa; 2º) de turbulência forte, com velocidade do vento alta e, 3º) turbulência intermitente e condições de não estacionariedade. Existem variações sazonais nos valores de ?c? e ao passar de um regime para outro. Foram investigadas algumas das principais características estatísticas das concentrações de CO2 ? ?c? de cada um dos regimes turbulentos. ?c? aumenta levemente com a elevação do valor de uma escala característica de velocidade turbulenta, VTKE, até um valor limiar, VL, a partir do qual tem-se um aumento súbito nos valores de ?c?. Esses resultados têm importantes consequências para a parametrização de grandezas meteorológicas na CLN e modelagem do escoamento atmosférico na interface floresta-atmosfera.

Regimes de visibilidade na publicidade mediatizada

Refletindo sobre as relações entre política, media e publicidade, este artigo pondera as consequências que a visibilidade, no contexto da mediatização da esfera pública, provoca no campo político. Identificando alguns dos seus atuais regimes concluir-se-á que a visibilidade possui uma natureza ambivalente para a política, podendo funcionar, quer num registo sinóptico de vigilância e controlo social dos políticos, quer num registro potencial de construção de uma liderança carismática. É na negociação das fronteiras entre o privado e o público que atualmente se jogam politicamente as visibilidades, quer assumam a forma de um risco para a gestão da integridade da imagem pública, quer assumam uma oportunidade para fundar uma liderança carismática.

Regimes de Tributação Existentes no Brasil para Residentes e Não Residentes

Nos últimos anos, devido à crise enfrentada por Portugal, muitos são os portugueses a pro-curarem oportunidades de negócios no Brasil. Deste modo, esta dissertação debruça-se sobre a legislação tributária brasileira, com o objetivo de apresentar como serão tributados os investidores que decidam investir no Brasil, através de empresas residentes no território brasileiro ou como não residentes. E não poderíamos falar em investimento estrangeiro no Brasil, sem falar dos tratados inter-nacionais, utilizados para evitar a dupla tributação, e como é realizada a articulação deste tipo de normas com o direito interno brasileiro. Para as empresas residentes no Brasil, ou as que lhe são equiparadas pela legislação, exis-tem quatro regimes para a apuração do imposto de renda, a saber: Lucro Real, Lucro Pre-sumido, Lucro Arbitrado e o SIMPLES Nacional. E para os não residentes, que obtenham rendimentos cuja fonte de produção e fonte pagadora estejam localizadas no Brasil, existe o regime do Imposto de Renda Retido na Fonte. Quanto aos tratados internacionais, estes têm caráter supra legal e infra constitucional no ordenamento brasileiro. Contudo, um dos problemas no Brasil em relação às CDT é a interpretação das normas ser extremamente restritiva.

Regimes de visibilidade na publicidade mediatizada

Refletindo sobre as relações entre política, media e publicidade, este artigo pondera as consequências que a visibilidade, no contexto da mediatização da esfera pública, provoca no campo político. Identificando alguns dos seus atuais regimes concluir-se-á que a visibilidade possui uma natureza ambivalente para a política, podendo funcionar, quer num registo sinóptico de vigilância e controlo social dos políticos, quer num registro potencial de construção de uma liderança carismática. É na negociação das fronteiras entre o privado e o público que atualmente se jogam politicamente as visibilidades, quer assumam a forma de um risco para a gestão da integridade da imagem pública, quer assumam uma oportunidade para fundar uma liderança carismática.

Evaluation of water use, yield and water productivity of a high-density orchard (cv. Cobrançosa) subjected to different irrigation regimes – An account of four years

The impact of different irrigation scheduling regimes on the water use, yield and water productivity from a high-density olive grove cv. Cobrançosa in southern Portugal was assessed during the irrigation seasons of 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. The experiments were conducted in a commercial olive orchard at the Herdade Álamo de Cima, near Évora (38o 29' 49.44'' N, 7o 45' 8.83'' W; alt. 75 m) in southern Alentejo, Portugal. The orchard was established with 10-year old Cobrançosa trees in grids of 8.0 x 4.2 m (300 trees ha-1) in the E-W direction, and experiments conducted on a shallow sandy loam Regosoil Haplic soil. From mid-May to the end of September the orchard was irrigated and three plots were subjected to one of two irrigation treatments: a control treatment A, irrigated to replace 100% ETc, a moderate deficit irrigation treatment B irrigated to 70% of ETc, and a more severe deficit irrigation treatment C that provided for approximately 50% of ETc. Daily tree transpiration rates were obtained by continuously monitoring of sap flow in representative trees per treatment. Among the irrigated treatments, water use efficiency (WUE, ratio of water used to irrigation- water applied) of treatment C was the highest, with a value of 0.89, being treatment B slightly lower, with a WUE of 0.76. Olive harvest for 2012 was an exceptional “on year”. Bearing yields showed contrasting differences within years where an “on year” was followed by an “off year”. In 2011 and 2012 treatment B yields were 41 and 50% higher than treatment C, respectively. In 2013 treatment B yield was 45% higher than yield of the fully irrigated treatment A, and treatment C showed practically the same yield than treatment A. In the “on year” of 2014 treatment B averaged 48% higher yield than treatment C. Treatment B farm irrigation water productivity (WPI-Farm, ratio of yield to water applied) was the highest among all treatments. Treatment A showed the lowest conversion efficiency of all treatments, indicating treatment B as the adequate deficit irrigation treatment for our Cobrançosa orchard

Linking thermal imaging to physiological indicators in Carica papaya L. under different watering regimes

Water deficit is the most limiting factor for yield and fruit-quality parameters in papaya crop (Carica papaya L.), deficit-irrigation (DI) strategies offering a feasible alternative to manage limiting water resources. When DI is applied, it is crucial to assess the physiological status of the crop in order to maintain the plant within a threshold value of water stress so as no to affect yield or fruit-quality parameters. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of thermal imaging in young papaya plants to assess the physiological status of this crop when it is subjected to different DI regimes, studying the relationships between the changes in leaf temperature (Tleaf) and in the major physiological parameters (i.e., stomatal conductance to water vapor, gs; transpiration, E; and net photosynthesis, An). The trial was conducted in a greenhouse from March to April of 2012. Plants were grown in pots and subjected to four irrigation treatments: (1) a full irrigation treatment (control), maintained at field capacity; (2) a partial root-zone drying treatment, irrigated with 50% of the total water applied to control to only one side of roots, alternating the sides every 7 days; (3) a regulated deficit irrigation (50% of the control, applied to both sides of plant); (4) and a non-irrigated treatment, in which irrigation was withheld from both sides of the split root for 14 days, followed by full irrigation until the end of the study. Significant relationships were found between Tleaf and major physiological variables such as gs, E and An. Additionally, significant relationships were found between the difference of leaf-to-air temperature (ΔTleaf–air) and gas-exchange measurements, which were used to establish the optimum range of ΔTleaf–air as a preliminary step to the crop-water monitoring and irrigation scheduling in papaya, using thermal imaging as the main source of information. According to the results, we conclude that thermal imaging is a promising technique to monitor the physiological status of papaya during drought conditions.