Promoção de estilos de vida e redução das complicações da diabetes mellitus na ESF Interlagos, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais

A Diabetes Mellitus (DM) ocupa lugar de destaque no contexto da transição epidemiológica e constitui um dos principais fatores de risco para o aparecimento das doenças cardíacas. O controle da DM está diretamente relacionado ao grau de adesão do paciente ao regime terapêutico. Sendo assim, este estudo objetivou elaborar uma proposta de intervenção para sistematizar o atendimento dos pacientes com DM com vistas a reduzir a incidência de fatores de riscos modificáveis e as complicações nos pacientes cadastrados na Unidade de Saúde de Luxemburgo do Município Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. O presente trabalho foi realizado através de três etapas: revisão de literatura, diagnóstico situacional e elaboração do plano de intervenção. A revisão bibliográfica aconteceu por meio de busca de artigos sobre o tema DM na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e SciELO, bem como consultas a programas do Ministério de Saúde (DATASUS) e do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB) do município Sete Lagoas. Após a revisão, elaborou-se um plano de intervenção baseado na DM e os fatores de risco, com os principais resultados do diagnóstico situacional. As principais propostas apresentadas foram adoção aos modos e estilos de vida saudáveis pelos pacientes diabéticos, aumentar o conhecimento acerca da DM, aumentar o atendimento dos pacientes com fatores de riscos e aumentar a realização de atividades de promoção e prevenção em saúde.

Redução da incidência de complicações da hipertensão arterial do PSF São Geraldo em São João Del Rei

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica é a mais frequente das doenças cardiovasculares. É também o principal fator de risco para as complicações mais comuns como acidente vascular cerebral e infarto agudo do miocárdio, além da doença renal crônica terminal. É uma doença crônica não transmissível de ordem multifatorial. Acredita-se que o desenvolvimento deste projeto possa contribuir para identificação dos fatores de risco que influenciam direta e indiretamente o controle da hipertensão através de práticas individuais e coletiva de educação em saúde. E assim provocar mudanças nos fatores determinantes e condicionantes apontados pelos pacientes. A importância deste trabalho consiste em que nunca antes na área de abrangência da equipe de São Geraldo (São João del Rey, MG) tinha-se realizado um estudo contextualizado sobre os fatores de risco da hipertensão arterial nem se tinham proposto ações para controlá-los.

Prevenção das complicações da hipertensão arterial sistêmica na área de abrangência da equipe de saúde da família Santa Rita de Cássias no município de Liberdade - Minas Gerais

O estado de saúde da população brasileira é caracterizado por uma alta prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis dominando o quadro epidemiológico do país, onde a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica representa um grave problema de saúde pública por sua magnitude, presenteando uma alta morbi-mortalidade, elevado custo econômico, e o principal fator de risco para complicações como os acidentes vasculares cerebrais, doenças cardiovasculares e insuficiência renal crônica. Na Atenção Primária de Saúde existe uma alta prevalência e baixas taxas de controle dos pacientes hipertensos e precisam-se realizar maiores ações de saúde, dirigidas a elevar o conhecimento da população sobre a doença e como seu bom controle influi na prevenção das complicações. O objetivo deste projeto é elaborar um plano de ação para aumentar o controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica na área de abrangência da unidade de saúde da família numero 2 "Santa Rita de Cássias", no município Liberdade, Minas Gerais. A metodologia utilizada está baseada no método de Planejamento Estratégico Situacional, executando-se o diagnóstico situacional, a revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e a elaboração da proposta do plano de ação para o acompanhamento nas ações de saúde para o aumento do controle da hipertensão na área de abrangência. Serão desenvolvidas várias ações de saúde destinadas, primeiramente, a mensurar o nível de conhecimentos dos pacientes hipertensos sobre sua doença, orientações sanitárias dirigidas a elevar este conhecimento e posteriormente, através de visitas domiciliares e consultas médicas, avaliar o mesmo e o controle das cifras pressóricas. Este projeto contribuirá com a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com hipertensão, por adquirirem um maior conhecimento de sua doença, facilitando um adequado controle e estimulando a realização de mudanças em seus modo e estilos de vida.

Plano de ação para modificar fatores de risco de complicações renais em pacientes diabéticos de um PSF do municipio São João Del Rei-MG

A educação em saúde, associada ao controle dos níveis de pressão e/ou glicemia, bem como à atividade física e à dieta alimentar, é um recurso importante para aumentar a procura por tratamento e controlar os índices de pacientes hipertensos e/ou diabéticos. O conhecimento das doenças está relacionado à melhora da qualidade de vida, à redução do número de descompensações, ao menor número de internações hospitalares, à redução do comprometimento renal e à maior aceitação da doença. Na Unidade Básica de Saúde Sam Miguel de Cajurú, em São João Del Rei, Minas Gerais, foi proposta uma intervenção em uma população de pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos por meio de formação de grupos para ação educativa, seguimento regular, fornecimento de medicação, controles periódicos e atendimento de intercorrências. Nos primeiros dois meses, foram feitas avaliações dos pacientes e familiares de primeira linha em visitas domiciliar, com e objetivo de conhecer as condições, hábitos e estilo de vida que poderiam ser de interesse para o estudo. Além disso, houve o acompanhamento dos pacientes em consulta para avaliação, a formação de grupos para a prática de exercícios com intervenção de um professor de educação física e palestras e outras atividades grupais com o proposito de aumentar os níveis de conhecimento da doença, as complicações, alimentação adequada. Desta forma, é possível realizar um controle da doença e complicações, aumentando a qualidade de vida e o conhecimento dos pacientes

Plano de intervenção para diminuir a incidência e complicações da hipertensão arterial da área de abrangência do PSF "São Geraldo", do município Coronel Xavier Chaves

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistémica (HAS) é uma doença que representa um dos maiores problemas em saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. É responsável por 25 e 40% da etiologia multifatorial da cardiopatia isquêmica e dos acidentes vasculares cerebrais, respectivamente, caracteriza-a como uma das causas de maior redução da qualidade e expectativa de vida dos indivíduos. Na Unidade de Saúde analisada, nota-se alta incidencia da pressão arterial elevada dos adulto assim como a ocurrencia de complicações. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar um estudo de intervenção educativa para diminuir a incidência e complicações da hipertensão arterial da área de abrangência do psf "são geraldo", do município coronel Xavier Chaves. O universo estará formado por 3432 usuários cadastrados na Equipe. Deste total existem 682 usuários adultos portadores de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS). A mostra para trabalhar vai ser 65 pacientes com diagnóstico de Hipertensão Arterial com e sem complicações .Serão desenvolvidas oficinas temáticas com os hipertensos acompanhados e cadastrados no UBS, no período de junho de 2014 a janeiro de 2015. Com isso, espera-se que os adultos com HAS sintam-se sensibilizado para aquisição de melhor conhecimento sobre a Hiprtensão Arterial e como evitar as complicações, tanto as agudas como as crônicas e assim contribuir para uma melhoria na qualidade de vida

Application Of Tactile/kinesthetic Stimulation In Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review.

To verify the methods used by the clinical trials that assessed the effect of tactile/kinesthetic stimulation on weight gain in preterm infants and highlight the similarities and differences among such studies. This review collected studies from two databases, PEDro and PubMed, in July of 2014, in addition to bibliographies. Two researchers assessed the relevant titles independently, and then chose which studies to read in full and include in this review by consensus. Clinical trials that studied tactile stimulation or massage therapy whether or not associated with kinesthetic stimulation of preterm infants; that assessed weight gain after the intervention; that had a control group and were composed in English, Portuguese, or Spanish were included. A total of 520 titles were found and 108 were selected for manuscript reading. Repeated studies were excluded, resulting in 40 different studies. Of these, 31 met all the inclusion criteria. There were many differences in the application of tactile/kinesthetic stimulation techniques among studies, which hindered the accurate reproduction of the procedure. Also, many studies did not describe the adverse events that occurred during stimulation, the course of action taken when such events occurred, and their effect on the outcome. These studies made a relevant contribution towards indicating tactile/kinesthetic stimulation as a promising tool. Nevertheless, there was no standard for application among them. Future studies should raise the level of methodological rigor and describe the adverse events. This may permit other researchers to be more aware of expected outcomes, and a standard technique could be established.

[factors Impacting The Growth And Nutritional Status Of Cystic Fibrosis Patients Younger Than 10 Years Of Age Who Did Not Undergo Neonatal Screening.]

The aim of this study was to evaluate by clinical and laboratory parameters how cystic fibrosis (CF) affects growth and nutritional status of children who were undergoing CF treatment but did not receive newborn screening. A historical cohort study of 52 CF patients younger than 10 years of age were followed in a reference center in Campinas, Southeast Brazil. Anthropometric measurements were abstracted from medical records until March/2010, when neonatal screening program was implemented. Between September/2009 and March/2010, parental height of the 52 CF patients were also measured. Regarding nutritional status, four patients had Z-scores ≤ -2 for height/age (H/A) and body mass index/age (BMI/A). The following variables were associated with improved H/A ratio: fewer hospitalizations, longer time from first appointment to diagnosis, longer time from birth to diagnosis and later onset of respiratory disease. Forced vital capacity [FVC(%)], forced expiratory flow between 25-75% of FVC [FEF25-75(%)], forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV1(%)], gestational age, birth weight and early respiratory symptoms were associated with IMC/A. Greater number of hospitalizations, diagnosis delay and early onset of respiratory disease had a negative impact on growth. Lower spirometric values, lower gestational age, lower birth weight, and early onset of respiratory symptoms had negative impact on nutritional status. Malnutrition was observed in 7.7% of cases, but 23% of children had nutritional risk.

Plastias de estenoses de intestino delgado na doença de Crohn: resultados imediatos e tardios

BACKGROUND: Strictureplasty is an alternative surgical procedure for Crohn?s disease, particulary in patients with previous resections or many intestinal stenosis. AIM: To analyze surgical complications and clinical follow-up in patients submitted to strictureplasty secondary to Crohn?s disease. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients (57.1% male, mean age 33.3 years, range 16-54 years) with Crohn?s disease and intestinal stenosis (small bowel, ileocecal region and ileocolic anastomosis) were submitted to strictureplasty, at one institution, between September 1991 and May 2004. Thirteen patients had previous intestinal resections. The mean follow-up was 58.1 months. A total of 116 strictureplasties were done (94 Heineke-Mikulicz - 81%, 15 Finney - 13%, seven side-to-side ileocolic strictureplasty - 6%). Three patients were submitted to strictureplasty at two different surgical procedures and two in three procedures. RESULTS: Regarding to strictureplasty, postoperative complication rate was 25% and mortality was 3.6%. Early local complication rate was 57.1%, with three suture leaks (10.7%) and late complication was present in two patients, both with incisional hernial and enterocutaneous fistulas (28.6%). Patients remained hospitalized during a medium time of 12.4 days. Clinical and surgical recurrence rates were 63% and 41%, respectively. Among the patients submitted to another surgery, two patients had two more operations and one had three. Recurrence rate at strictureplasty site was observed in 3.5%, being Finney technique the commonest one. Presently, 19 patients had been asymptomatic with the majority of them under medical therapy. CONCLUSION: Strictureplasties have low complication rates, in spite of having been done at compromised site, with long term pain relief. Considering the clinical course of Crohn?s disease, with many patients being submitted to intestinal resections, strictureplasties should be considered as an effective surgical treatment to spare long intestinal resections.

Resultados da cirurgia de reservatórios ileais em pacientes com doença de Crohn

BACKGROUND: Total rectocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the choice surgical procedure for patients with ulcerative colitis. In cases of Crohn's disease post-operative diagnosis, it can be followed by pouch failure. AIM: To evaluate ileal pouch-anal anastomosis long-term outcome in patients with Crohn's disease. METHODS: Between February 1983 and March 2007, 151 patients were submitted to ileal pouch-anal anastomosis by Campinas State University Colorectal Unit, Campinas, SP, Brazil, 76 had pre-operative ulcerative colitis diagnosis and 11 had post-operative Crohn's disease diagnosis. Crohn's disease diagnosis was made by histopathological biopsies in nine cases, being one in surgical specimen, two cases in rectal stump, small bowel in two cases, ileal pouch in three and in perianal abscess in one of them. The median age was 30.6 years and eight (72.7%) were female. RESULTS: All patients had previous ulcerative colitis diagnosis and in five cases emergency colectomy was done by toxic megacolon. The mean time until of Crohn's disease diagnosis was 30.6 (6-80) months after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Ileostomy closure was possible in 10 cases except in one that had ileal pouch fistula, perianal disease and small bowel involvement. In the long-term follow-up, three patients had perineal fistulas and one had also a pouch-vaginal fistula. All of them were submitted to a new ileostomy and one had the pouch excised. Another patient presented pouch-vaginal fistula which was successfully treated by mucosal flap. Three patients had small bowel involvement and three others, pouch involvement. All improved with medical treatment. Presently, the mean follow-up is 76.5 months and all patients are in clinical remission, and four have fecal diversion. The remaining patients have good functional results with 6-10 bowel movements/day. CONCLUSION: Crohn's disease diagnosis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis may be usual and later complications such fistulas and stenosis are common. However, when left in situ ileal pouch is associated with good function.

Neurological evaluation of neonates with intraventricular and periventricular hemorrhage

We studied the clinical aspects of 100 consecutive premature newborns with and without intraventricular and periventricular hemorrhage (IPVH).The diagnosis of IPVH was obtained by ultrasonic scans of the skull during the first week of life and at the age of one month. Forty eight percent of newborns with IPVH had abnormal results, and there was a significant correlation with the neurological evaluation in 85% of the infants. The probability of normality for a child with no associated brain abnormalities was 72%, whereas for a child of the same gestational age with associated brain abnormalities was 48.7%.

Arachnoid cyst: adversity ans plasticity

We report four cases of surgically treated intracranial arachnoid cysts, one with cyst-peritoneal shunt and three with craniotomy and arachnoid membrane resection. Their classification and etiopathogeny are discussed, and especially the different methods of treatment comparing the drastic complications (adversities) with the favorable solutions in severe clinical cases (plasticity) treated at our institution.

Estudo vídeo-polissonográfico em recém-nascidos de termo pequenos para a idade gestacional

Video-polygraphic-EEG studies were performed in the first 24 life-hours of 26 healthy full-term newborns without perinatal injuries. The neurological examination and cranial ultrasonography were normal. The newborns were divided into two groups: one, with full-term appropriate - birth weight 11 newborns (control group ) and the other with full-term low-birth weight 15 newborns. Thirteen newborns of the second group had video-polygraphic-EEG study abnormalities. The most frequent abnormalities were found in 11 cases, as far as sleep architecture is concerned. Also, when compared with the control group, 8 cases of an excessive amount of startles and 2 cases of low behavior activities were found. The results demonstrate the usefulness of video-polygraphic-EEG study in the full-term newborns with intra-uterine growth retard. This examination was sensitive to detect behavior, sleep architecture and EEG standard differences in the low birth-weight newborns as to the control group.

Saphenous vein graft bypass in the treatment of giant cavernous sinus aneurysms: report of two cases

Two cases of giant intracavernous aneurysms treated by high flow bypass with saphenous vein graft between the external carotid artery (ECA) and branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are presented. Very often these aneurysms are unclippable because they are fusiform or have a large neck. Occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is the treatment of choice in many cases. This procedure has however a high risk of brain infarction. Revascularization of the brain by extra-intracranial anastomosis between the superficial temporal artery (STA) and branches of the MCA is frequently performed. This procedure provides however a low flow bypass and brain infarction may occur. We report two cases of giant cavernous sinus aneurysms treated by high flow bypass and endovascular balloon occlusion of the ICA. Immediate high flow revascularization of MCA branches was achieved and the patients showed no ischemic events. Follow-up of 8 and 14 months after operation shows patency of the venous graft and no neurological deficits. Angiographic control examination showed complete aneurysm occlusion in both cases.

Aspectos técnicos da monitorização da pressão intracraniana pelo método subaracnóideo no traumatismo craniencefálico grave

Two hundred and six patients with severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale of 8 points or less after nonsurgical resuscitation on admission), managed at Intensive Care Unit-Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas were prospectively analysed. All patients were assessed by CT scan and 72 required neurosurgical intervention. All patients were continuously monitored to evaluate intracranial pressure (ICP) levels by a subarachnoid device (11 with subarachnoid metallic bolts and 195 with subarachnoid polyvinyl catheters). The ICP levels were continuously observed in the bedside pressure monitor display and their end-hour values were recorded in a standard chart. The patients were managed according to a standard protocol guided by the ICP levels. There were no intracranial haemorrhagic complications or hematomas due the monitoring method. Sixty six patients were punctured by lateral C1-C2 technique to assess infectious complications and 2 had positive cerebrospinal fluid samples for Acinetobacter sp. The final results measured at hospital discharge showed 75 deaths (36,40%) and 131 (63,60%) survivors. ICP levels had significantly influenced the final results (p<0,001). The subarachnoid method to continuously assess the ICP levels was considered aplicable, safe, simple, low cost and useful to advise the management of the patients. The ICP record methodology was practical and useful. Despite the current technical advances the subarachnoid method was considered viable to assess the ICP levels in severe head injury.

Análise epidemiológica das fraturas acetabulares

This aim of this work was to carry out an epidemiological study on acetabular fractures in the city of Campinas and surrounds, in view of the few published papers on this subject. Medical files with a diagnosis of acetabular fracture between the years 2004 and 2008 that were made available by the Medical Archiving Service of Hospital das Clínicas, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) were analyzed by six observers. Data on patients' ages, sex, side affected by the fracture, mechanism of injury, material used for synthesis, complications of the operation, associated fractures, length of hospitalization before and after the surgery, time of total internment and number of physiotherapy sessions before and after the surgery were gathered. It was observed in this population that the left side was more affected; the mechanism of injury that most often caused this type of fracture was automobile accidents; injuries to the sciatic nerve were the commonest surgical complications; and the synthesis material most used was reconstruction plates.