Suuren muuton politiikkaa

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Percepción de los trabajadores acerca del sistema de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en un hospital de III nivel, Bogotá-Colombia. 2014.

Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción que tienen los trabajadores acerca del sistema de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la población asistencial y administrativa en un Hospital de III nivel de atención., Bogotá-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en población de trabajadores asistenciales y administrativos. Se aplicó el “Cuestionario Nórdico Sobre Seguridad en el Trabajo NOSACQ 50 Spanish” validado. La muestra fue probabilística estratificada aleatoria, en 308 trabajadores (230 asistenciales y 78 administrativos). Resultados: El promedio de edad fue 39.5± 12 años, con mayor frecuencia de género femenino (74.68%), estado civil soltero (38.96%) y nivel educativo técnico (34.40%). La percepción que tienen los trabajadores acerca del sistema de seguridad y salud en el trabajo fue independiente de su tipo de actividad laboral administrativa y asistencial (p>0.05), la mayor percepción en ambos grupos fue la confianza de los trabajadores en la eficacia del sistema de seguridad (2.71 y 2.77), y las de menor percepción presentaron el empoderamiento de seguridad de gestión (2.35 y 2.46) y la seguridad como prioridad de los empleados y rechazo del riesgo (2.35 y 2.40). Conclusiones: Los trabajadores del Hospital tienen un nivel adecuado de buena percepción acerca de los aspectos de seguridad y salud en el trabajo donde se evidenció que la fortaleza es la confianza de los trabajadores en la eficacia del sistema y la debilidad del sistema se encuentra en la falta de empoderamiento y rechazo al riesgo.

Programa postural para escolares do ensino fundamental

É sabido que crianças e adolescentes podem ser acometidas de dor nas costas de forma aguda ou até mesmo crônica (SALMINEN, PENTTI E TERHO, 1992; KRISTJÁNDÓTTIR, 1996; WEDDERKOPP et al. 2001). Essa ocorrência muitas vezes está associada às atividades escolares que fazem parte do cotidiano desta população (SOUZA, ÁVILA E MORO, 1999; GRIMMER E WILLIAMS, 2000). Os programas de prevenção, baseados nos princípios da Escola Postural (SOUZA, 1996), podem ser uma alternativa para minimizar os efeitos provocados pela repetição excessiva dos movimentos, na medida em que os discute e pratica de forma biomecanicamente adaptada a sua realidade (MÉNDEZ E GÓMEZ-CONESA, 2001; CARDON, DE CLERCQ E BOURDEAUDHUIJ, 2002). Este trabalho situa-se nessa perspectiva. Seu objetivo foi verificar a influência do Programa Postural para Escolares do Ensino Fundamental na (1) execução e (2) aplicação das Atividades de Vida Diária (AVD’S) dos escolares, na (3) forma como percebem e justificam suas posturas frente a algumas tarefas escolares cotidianas e na (4) Amplitude de Movimento Articular do tornozelo, quadril e coluna lombar. A amostra foi composta de um grupo controle (n=29; idade média=15,38 anos ±0,97) e um grupo experimental (n=32; idade média=14 anos ±0,93), selecionados intencionalmente. O Programa postural consistiu em vinte encontros de 50 minutos cada, duas vezes por semana. Os encontros eram teórico-práticos e abordavam as atividades de vida diária relacionadas ao cotidiano escolar: sentar, permanecer sentado, permanecer sentado para escrever em sala de aula, transportar o material escolar e pegar objetos leves e pesados do chão Foram seis os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar o programa: (1) Observação das Atividades de Vida Diária através de Vídeo (ROCHA e SOUZA, 1999); (2) Questionário sobre as Atividades de Vida Diária – Versão para os Escolares; (3) Observação da Postura Sentada para Escrever em Sala de Aula; (4) Questionário sobre as Atividades de Vida Diária – Versão para os Pais; (5) Entrevista sobre as respostas dos escolares ao seus questionários sobre as AVD’S e (6) mensuração da Amplitude de Movimento Articular do tornozelo, quadril e coluna lombar. Os grupos realizaram todas as avaliações tanto no pré-teste quanto no pós-teste mas apenas o grupo experimental participou do programa postural. Os resultados mostraram que o Programa Postural influenciou significativamente o grupo experimental nas Atividades de Vida Diária (Instrumento 1; p≤0,004), nas tarefas de sentar e sentar para escrever (Instrumento 2; p≤0,02) e na postura sentada para escrever em sala de aula (Instrumento 3; p=0,001). Além disso, as respostas dos alunos às entrevistas mostraram que houve modificação qualitativa na forma de analisar as posições assumidas no ambiente escolar. Não foi observada influência estatisticamente significativa do Programa no questionário sobre as atividades de vida diária – versão para os pais (Instrumento 4) e na avaliação das amplitudes de movimento articular (Instrumento 6). Concluiu-se com este estudo que o Programa Postural para Escolares do Ensino Fundamental foi eficiente na melhoria da execução das AVD’s dos participantes, especialmente nos atos de sentar e permanecer sentado para escrever, assim como, na aplicação da postura sentada para escrever em sala de aula.

Understanding the critical distance in sparse distributed memory

Modelos de tomada de decisão necessitam refletir os aspectos da psi- cologia humana. Com este objetivo, este trabalho é baseado na Sparse Distributed Memory (SDM), um modelo psicologicamente e neuro- cientificamente plausível da memória humana, publicado por Pentti Kanerva, em 1988. O modelo de Kanerva possui um ponto crítico: um item de memória aquém deste ponto é rapidamente encontrado, e items além do ponto crítico não o são. Kanerva calculou este ponto para um caso especial com um seleto conjunto de parâmetros (fixos). Neste trabalho estendemos o conhecimento deste ponto crítico, através de simulações computacionais, e analisamos o comportamento desta “Critical Distance” sob diferentes cenários: em diferentes dimensões; em diferentes números de items armazenados na memória; e em diferentes números de armazenamento do item. Também é derivada uma função que, quando minimizada, determina o valor da “Critical Distance” de acordo com o estado da memória. Um objetivo secundário do trabalho é apresentar a SDM de forma simples e intuitiva para que pesquisadores de outras áreas possam imaginar como ela pode ajudá-los a entender e a resolver seus problemas.

Estudio computacional de la difusión del óxido nítrico y sus implicaciones en los procesos de comunicación y acoplamiento celular, aprendizaje y memoria : modelos y teorías

Programa de doctorado: Cibernética y Telecomunicaciones.

Probabilistic models for the prediction of a ship performance in dynamic ice

We introduce two probabilistic, data-driven models that predict a ship's speed and the situations where a ship is probable to get stuck in ice based on the joint effect of ice features such as the thickness and concentration of level ice, ice ridges, rafted ice, moreover ice compression is considered. To develop the models to datasets were utilized. First, the data from the Automatic Identification System about the performance of a selected ship was used. Second, a numerical ice model HELMI, developed in the Finnish Meteorological Institute, provided information about the ice field. The relations between the ice conditions and ship movements were established using Bayesian learning algorithms. The case study presented in this paper considers a single and unassisted trip of an ice-strengthened bulk carrier between two Finnish ports in the presence of challenging ice conditions, which varied in time and space. The obtained results show good prediction power of the models. This means, on average 80% for predicting the ship's speed within specified bins, and above 90% for predicting cases where a ship may get stuck in ice. We expect this new approach to facilitate the safe and effective route selection problem for ice-covered waters where the ship performance is reflected in the objective function.

A probabilistic model estimating oil spill clean-up costs - a case study for the Gulf of Finland

Existing models estimating oil spill costs at sea are based on data from the past, and they usually lack a systematic approach. This make them passive, and limits their ability to forecast the effect of the changes in the oil combating fleet or location of a spill on the oil spill costs. In this paper we make an attempt towards the development of a probabilistic and systematic model estimating the costs of clean-up operations for the Gulf of Finland. For this purpose we utilize expert knowledge along with the available data and information from literature. Then, the obtained information is combined into a framework with the use of a Bayesian Belief Networks. Due to lack of data, we validate the model by comparing its results with existing models, with which we found good agreement. We anticipate that the presented model can contribute to the cost-effective oil-combating fleet optimization for the Gulf of Finland. It can also facilitate the accident consequences estimation in the framework of formal safety assessment (FSA).

Framework for risk assessment for maritime transportation systems

Maritime accidents involving ships carrying passengers may pose a high risk with respect to human casualties. For effective risk mitigation, an insight into the process of risk escalation is needed. This requires a proactive approach when it comes to risk modelling for maritime transportation systems. Most of the existing models are based on historical data on maritime accidents, and thus they can be considered reactive instead of proactive. This paper introduces a systematic, transferable and proactive framework estimating the risk for maritime transportation systems, meeting the requirements stemming from the adopted formal definition of risk. The framework focuses on ship-ship collisions in the open sea, with a RoRo/Passenger ship (RoPax) being considered as the struck ship. First, it covers an identification of the events that follow a collision between two ships in the open sea, and, second, it evaluates the probabilities of these events, concluding by determining the severity of a collision. The risk framework is developed with the use of Bayesian Belief Networks and utilizes a set of analytical methods for the estimation of the risk model parameters. The model can be run with the use of GeNIe software package. Finally, a case study is presented, in which the risk framework developed here is applied to a maritime transportation system operating in the Gulf of Finland (GoF). The results obtained are compared to the historical data and available models, in which a RoPax was involved in a collision, and good agreement with the available records is found.

Dissecting the role of the Golgi complex and lipid rafts in biosynthetic transport of cholesterol to the cell surface

In this study, we compared the transport of newly synthesized cholesterol with that of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. The arrival of cholesterol on the cell surface was monitored by cyclodextrin removal, and HA transport was monitored by surface trypsinization and endoglycosidase H digestion. We found that disassembly of the Golgi complex by brefeldin A treatment resulted in partial inhibition of cholesterol transport while completely blocking HA transport. Further, microtubule depolymerization by nocodazole inhibited cholesterol and HA transport to a similar extent. When the partitioning of cholesterol into lipid rafts was analyzed, we found that newly synthesized cholesterol began to associate with low-density detergent-resistant membranes rapidly after synthesis, before it was detectable on the cell surface, and its raft association increased further upon chasing. When cholesterol transport was blocked by using 15°C incubation, the association of newly synthesized cholesterol with low-density detergent-insoluble membranes was decreased and cholesterol accumulated in a fraction with intermediate density. Our results provide evidence for the partial contribution of the Golgi complex to the transport of newly synthesized cholesterol to the cell surface and suggest that detergent-resistant membranes are involved in the process.

Multivariate monitoring of a biological wastewater treatment process: a case study at Melbourne Water's Western Treatment Plant

Biological wastewater treatment is a complex, multivariate process, in which a number of physical and biological processes occur simultaneously. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were used to profile and characterise Lagoon 115E, a multistage biological lagoon treatment system at Melbourne Water's Western Treatment Plant (WTP) in Melbourne, Australia. In this study, the objective was to increase our understanding of the multivariate processes taking place in the lagoon. The data used in the study span a 7-year period during which samples were collected as often as weekly from the ponds of Lagoon 115E and subjected to analysis. The resulting database, involving 19 chemical and physical variables, was studied using the multivariate data analysis methods PCA and PARAFAC. With these methods, alterations in the state of the wastewater due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors could be discerned. The methods were effective in illustrating and visually representing the complex purification stages and cyclic changes occurring along the lagoon system. The two methods proved complementary, with each having its own beneficial features. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The importance of being physical in the middle years

Young people are physical (as are adults) and their bodies are significant in relation to who they are, what and how they learn, and who they can become. Consistent with middle schooling philosophy, but often not reflected in practice, a balanced approach to all aspects of the growth and development of young people is supported. Much research has shown the middle years is an important time assigned to 'identity development' and 'physical development' while it is also a time when many young people become less physically active and less engaged in learning at school. This paper reviews current research about physical activity, physical education and physicality in order to locate the place of the physical in the lives of young people and encourage practices in the middle years that acknowledge this physicality.