Kauhistunut nainen

Kauhistunut nainen. Kauhuissaan oleva nainen voihkii.

Naurua

Joukko miehiä ja naisia nauraa. Nauru loppuu välillä ja alkaa uudestaan.

Kaupungin ääniä Tokiosta

Kaupungin ääniä, japanilaisia äänimainoksia, askelia. Tokio

Naurua

Joukko miehiä ja naisia räjähtää nauruun.

Kirjasto

Kirjaston sisätiloissa, taustalla ihmisten käyskentelyä ja piippaus-ääntä

Itku

Itkeviä ja valittavia ihmisiä, naisia ja miehiä.

Ihmisjoukon kohahdus

Ihmisjoukon kohahdus: "Oooh".

Koulu, välitunti

Ala-aste. Lapset pihalla.

Nauru

Miehen hillitöntä naurua.

Askeleet portaissa

Askeleita kaikuvassa porraskäytävässä portaita alas. Äänet etääntyvät ja vaimenevat.

Ravintolan miesten vessa

Vessa. Ravintolan miesten vessa. Vedetään vetoketju auki. Lorinaa. Vedetään vetoketju kiinni. Pestään ja kuivataan kädet. Huokaus ja yskimistä. Oven avaus takaisin ravintolaan.

Ihmisjoukon valitusta

Ihmiset. Joukko miehiä huohottaa, valittaa, voivottaa ja uikuttaa ahdistuneesti. Ei liikettä.

Improving Evaluation and Development Capability in Verification and Validation

Validation and verification operations encounter various challenges in product development process. Requirements for increasing the development cycle pace set new requests for component development process. Verification and validation usually represent the largest activities, up to 40 50 % of R&D resources utilized. This research studies validation and verification as part of case company's component development process. The target is to define framework that can be used in improvement of the validation and verification capability evaluation and development in display module development projects. Validation and verification definition and background is studied in this research. Additionally, theories such as project management, system, organisational learning and causality is studied. Framework and key findings of this research are presented. Feedback system according of the framework is defined and implemented to the case company. This research is divided to the theory and empirical parts. Theory part is conducted in literature review. Empirical part is done in case study. Constructive methode and design research methode are used in this research A framework for capability evaluation and development was defined and developed as result of this research. Key findings of this study were that double loop learning approach with validation and verification V+ model enables defining a feedback reporting solution. Additional results, some minor changes in validation and verification process were proposed. There are a few concerns expressed on the results on validity and reliability of this study. The most important one was the selected research method and the selected model itself. The final state can be normative, the researcher may set study results before the actual study and in the initial state, the researcher may describe expectations for the study. Finally reliability of this study, and validity of this work are studied.

Small scale energy production in Helsinki Metropolitan area in emission trading point of view

Emission trading with greenhouse gases and green certificates are part if the climate policy the main target of which is reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The carbon dioxide and fine particle emissions of energy production in Helsinki Metropolitan area are calculated in this study. The analysis is made mainly by district heating point of view and the changes of the district heating network are assessed. Carbon dioxide emissions would be a bit higher, if the district heating network is expanded, but then the fine particle emissions would be much lower. Carbon dioxide emissions are roughly 10 % higher, if the district heating network is expanded at same rate as it has in past five years in the year 2030. The expansion of district heating network would decrease the fine particle emissions about 40 %. The cost of the expansion is allocated to be reduction cost of the fine particle emissions, which is considerably higher than the traditional reduction methods costs. The possible new nuclear plant would reduce the emissions considerably and the costs of the nuclear plant would be relatively low comparing the other energy production methods.