The systematic profiling of false identity documents: method validation and performance evaluation using seizures known to originate from common and different sources

False identity documents constitute a potential powerful source of forensic intelligence because they are essential elements of transnational crime and provide cover for organized crime. In previous work, a systematic profiling method using false documents' visual features has been built within a forensic intelligence model. In the current study, the comparison process and metrics lying at the heart of this profiling method are described and evaluated. This evaluation takes advantage of 347 false identity documents of four different types seized in two countries whose sources were known to be common or different (following police investigations and dismantling of counterfeit factories). Intra-source and inter-sources variations were evaluated through the computation of more than 7500 similarity scores. The profiling method could thus be validated and its performance assessed using two complementary approaches to measuring type I and type II error rates: a binary classification and the computation of likelihood ratios. Very low error rates were measured across the four document types, demonstrating the validity and robustness of the method to link documents to a common source or to differentiate them. These results pave the way for an operational implementation of a systematic profiling process integrated in a developed forensic intelligence model.

Fertilidade de sêmen suíno avaliada pelo teste de ligação dos espermatozóides a um substrato sintético

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fertilidade de sêmen suíno pelo teste de ligação de espermatozóides a um substrato sintético. A motilidade (MOT) e o porcentual de espermatozóides ligados (PEL) foram avaliados após 5, 24, 48 e 72 horas de armazenamento a 17ºC. O PEL foi determinado em soluções contendo 6,25 ou 12,5 milhões de espermatozóides/mL, com ou sem albumina sérica bovina (BSA), preparadas a partir de dois a cinco ejaculados de cada um dos quatro machos. Cinqüenta e oito leitoas foram inseminadas, uma vez, 24 horas após o início do estro. Houve correlação positiva (P = 0,0001; r = 0,33) entre a MOT e o PEL. O PEL foi maior com 12,5 milhões de espermatozóides/mL e na presença de BSA (P<0,05). Após 72 horas, o macho 3 apresentou PEL inferior ao dos outros três (P<0,05). As taxas de clivagem (TC) e de embriões morfologicamente normais não diferiram entre indivíduos, mas o macho 3 apresentou menos de 70,0% de TC no quartil superior, enquanto os outros tiveram mais de 75,0%. Os machos diferem quanto à capacidade de ligação de seus espermatozóides ao substrato sintético, a partir de 24 horas de armazenamento do sêmen. A ligação dos espermatozóides ao substrato sintético é maior com a inclusão de BSA e com o aumento da concentração espermática.

The genome sequence of taurine cattle: a window to ruminant biology and evolution.

To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.

The complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis.

Bacillus subtilis is the best-characterized member of the Gram-positive bacteria. Its genome of 4,214,810 base pairs comprises 4,100 protein-coding genes. Of these protein-coding genes, 53% are represented once, while a quarter of the genome corresponds to several gene families that have been greatly expanded by gene duplication, the largest family containing 77 putative ATP-binding transport proteins. In addition, a large proportion of the genetic capacity is devoted to the utilization of a variety of carbon sources, including many plant-derived molecules. The identification of five signal peptidase genes, as well as several genes for components of the secretion apparatus, is important given the capacity of Bacillus strains to secrete large amounts of industrially important enzymes. Many of the genes are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, that are more typically associated with Streptomyces species. The genome contains at least ten prophages or remnants of prophages, indicating that bacteriophage infection has played an important evolutionary role in horizontal gene transfer, in particular in the propagation of bacterial pathogenesis.

miR-143 Interferes with ERK5 Signaling, and Abrogates Prostate Cancer Progression in Mice

Abstract Background: Micro RNAs are small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Since miR-143 was found to be down-regulated in prostate cancer cells, we wanted to analyze its expression in human prostate cancer, and test the ability of miR-43 to arrest prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Results: Expression of miR-143 was analyzed in human prostate cancers by quantitative PCR, and by in situ hybridization. miR-143 was introduced in cancer cells in vivo by electroporation. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase-based assays were used to determine miR-143 targets. We show in this study that miR-143 levels are inversely correlated with advanced stages of prostate cancer. Rescue of miR-143 expression in cancer cells results in the arrest of cell proliferation and the abrogation of tumor growth in mice. Furthermore, we show that the effects of miR-143 are mediated, at least in part by the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-5 (ERK5) activity. We show here that ERK5 is a miR-143 target in prostate cancer. Conclusions: miR-143 is as a new target for prostate cancer treatment.

Metropolista matriisiin. Elokuva modernin maisemana: peruskysymyksiä kuvalle ja muutoksia kuvassa 1900-luvulla

Tutkin työssäni elokuvaa modernin maisemana, millä viittaan lähtökohtaisesti kahteen aspektiin elävää kuvaa ja moderniteettia yhteen kietovassa ajattelussa. Yhtäältä elokuva on leimallisesti moderni keksintö, modernin mediakulttuurimme audiovisuaalinen perusmuoto ja modernin ajan ilmiökenttä, ja sellaisena juuri elokuva maisemallistaa eli koostaa kuvallisiksi tapahtumiksi luontevasti monia moderniteetin ulottuvuuksia. Toisaalta moderni kulttuuri itsessään on peruuttamattomasti elokuvallistunut, mikä ei tarkoita pelkästään mediakuvien määrällistä ja yhä monimuotoisempaa vyöryä vaan eritoten muutosta yksilön laadullisissa suhteissa kuvalliseen ympäristöönsä sekä aistimuksien ja ajattelun uudenlaisia liikahduksia ja siirtymiä suhteessa kuvaan 1900-luvun kuluessa. Maisema on valittu tutkielmani ydinkäsitteeksi, jotta tavoittaisin representaationa jäsennettyä elokuvaesitystä paremmin elokuvan kokemuksellisen luonteen audiovisuaalisena tapahtumana, jossa kuva ja subjekti kietoutuvat erottamattomasti yhteen – kuvaan upotaan tai pukeudutaan. Siinä missä representaatio viittaa määritelmällisesti jonkin poissaolevan uudelleen esittämiseen, maisemassa korostuu voimakas läsnäolon vaikutelma. Maisema on meissä ja me maisemassa. Maisemallinen kuvakäsitys kiinnittyy työssäni määrittelyyn moderniteetista hermostollisena ja aistimellisena murroksena, jota leimaa sensomotorisesti, emotionaalisesti ja kognitiivisesti yhä yltäkylläisempi ärsykeympäristö. Tähän esimerkiksi Georg Simmel viittasi kirjoituksissaan jo yli sata vuotta sitten. Saman määritelmän kautta tärkeäksi osoittautuu Gilles Deleuzen elokuva-ajattelusta peräisin oleva muotoilu modernista maailmasta metaelokuvana ja liikekuvien konemaisena koosteena, johon aistimuksen, havainnon ja ajattelun prosessit erottamattomasti niveltyvät. Elokuva modernin maisemana on tutkimuskysymys ja kehys, jonka puitteissa työstän tutkielmani analyysiosion käsitteelliset kehittelyt ja keskeiset väittämät. Ennen muuta tämä tarkoittaa kuvan peruskysymyksiä, jotka Deleuze johtaa Aloïs Rieglin kuvataiteen periodisointiin ja Serge Daneyn elokuvahistoriallisiin ja -esteettisiin huomioihin viitaten, sekä Deleuzen omia jäsennyksiä elokuvasta automaattisen liikkeen taiteena. Tässä kehyksessä esimerkkielokuvani – Fritz Langin Metropolis ja Wachowskin veljesten Matrix –osoittautuvat hyödylliseksi ja havainnolliseksi aineistoksi.

Materiais para cátodos de baterias secundárias de lítio

In this work, cathodes employed in secondary lithium batteries are reviewed. These cathodes have great technologic and scientific importance, specifically, materials for cathodes as electronic conductor polymers (ECP), transition metal oxides (TMO) and nanocomposites of ECP/TMO. The use of a specific cathodic material is based in some intrinsic characteristics that improve the performance of the battery. Thus, some vantages and disvantages of these insertion compounds are discussed, as lithium insertion capacity, energy density, and the ciclability of these materials.