Effect of soybean oil and Tween 80 on the production of botryosphaeran by Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05

The addition of soybean oil and Tween 80 was evaluated with the objective of increasing the production of botryosphaeran, an exopolysaccharide (EPS) of the (1 -> 3 ;1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucan type produced by the fungus Botowsphaeria rhodina MAMB-05. Factorial design and analysis by response surface methodology was developed to select the main factors that would affect and enhance EPS production. The optimized culture conditions were: 40g l(-1) glucose with 10ml l(-1) soybean oil, and 4.5 ml l(-1) Tween 80, during 72h cultivation at 28 degrees C (180 rpm) and initial pH 5.7. The predicted result for botryosphaeran production was 8.22 +/- 1.36 g l(-1), and compared with the experimental value of 7.74 +/- 0.13 g l(-1) . Partial characterization of the botryosphaeran produced under the optimized conditions showed one type of polysaccharide with P-glycosidic linkages containing glucose as monosaccharide. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structural characterization of Botryosphaeran: a (1 -> 3;1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucan produced by the ascomyceteous fungus, Botryosphaeria sp.

The exopolysaccharide, Botryosphaeran, produced by the ligninolytic, ascomycetcous fungus Botryosphaeria sp., was isolated from the extracellular fluid by precipitation with ethanol, and purified by gel permeation chromatography to yield a carbohydrate-rich fraction (96%) composed mainly of glucose (98%). Infra-red and C-13 NMR spectroscopy showed that all the glucosidic linkages were in the beta-configuration. Data from methylation analysis and Smith degradation indicated that Botryosphaeran was a (1 --> 3)-beta-(D)-glucan with approx 22% side branching at C-6. The products obtained from partial acid hydrolysis demonstrated that the side branches consisted of single (1 --> 6)-beta-linked glucosyl, and (1 --> 6)-beta-linked gentiobiosyl residues.[GRAPHICS](C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Modeling a system of phosphated cross-linked high amylose for controlled drug release. Part 2: Physical parameters, cross-linking degrees and drug delivery relationships

High amylose cross-linked to different degrees with sodium trimetaphosphate by varying base strength (2% or 4%) and contact time (0.5-4 h) was evaluated as non-compacted systems for sodium diclophenac controlled release. The physical properties and the performance of these products for sodium diclophenac controlled release from non-compacted systems were related to the structures generated at each cross-linking degree. For samples at 2% until 2 h the swelling ability, G' and eta* values increased with the cross-linking degree, because the longer polymer chains became progressively more entangled and linked. This increases water uptake and holding, favoring the swelling and resulting in systems with higher viscosities. Additionally, the increase of cross-linking degree should contribute for a more elastic structure. The shorter chains with more inter-linkages formed at higher cross-linking degrees (2%4h and 4%) make water caption and holding difficult, decreasing the swelling, viscosity and elasticity. For 2% samples, the longer drug release time exhibited for 2%4h sample indicates that the increase of swelling and viscosity contribute for a more sustained drug release, but the mesh size of the polymeric network seems to be determinant for the attachment of drug molecules. For the 4% samples, smaller meshes size should determine less sustained release of drug. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A relação entre o microcrédito e o capital social : o caso do CEAPE PI

This study consists of a study on the presence of relationship between social capital and solidarity groups to endorse the Center for Support to Small Businesses - CEAPE - PI, the capital was measured by confidence levels and associations, considering trust as the expectations want, and learned associations between people and how the interactions among members within a group and between groups. The central research question seeks to identify whether there are linkages between the levels of social capital and the profile of members of the solidarity group CEAPE-PI. The overall objective is to analyze the level of social capital and whether these vary with the change in the profile of the solidarity group members. The method adopted in perspective cross-examined the level of social capital found in 300 of solidarity group members, collected through a survey research related to the profile of the solidarity group members, obtained with the CEAPEPI. The data show that micro-credit groups have relatively high levels for most variables, but to relate to the profile of microcredit results demonstrate the interesting points of analysis

Desinstitucionalização dos cuidados a pessoas com transtornos mentais na atenção básica: aportes para a implementação de ações

Parte-se do interesse dispensado contemporaneamente às articulações entre saúde mental e atenção básica. Após uma breve síntese histórica e conceitual neste campo, discutem-se aspectos operativos da desinstitucionalização dos cuidados a pessoas com transtornos mentais na atenção básica. Com a análise de alguns estudos e experiências são destacados, a seguir, componentes fundamentais para avançar neste sentido: (1) desenvolver processos de comunicação que visem ampliar a legibilidade profissional, (2) superar a centralização em ações restritas aos enquadres tradicionais, (3) manter questionamento permanente com relação ao risco de psiquiatrização do cuidado em saúde mental, (4) superar concepções culpabilizantes do grupo familiar, e (5) investir na formação das equipes de atenção básica para as múltiplas dimensões do cuidado em saúde mental. Apontam-se, desta forma, alguns caminhos e direções possíveis para o desenho de ações de saúde mental na atenção básica que tenham, no horizonte, a perspectiva antimanicomial.

QTL for percentage of carcass and carcass parts in a broiler x layer cross

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mapping quantitative trait loci in Gallus gallus using principal components

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Structural description of humic substances from subtropical coastal environments using elemental analysis, FT-IR and C-13-solid state NMR data

Elemental composition and spectroscopic properties (FT-IR and CP/MAS C-13-NMR) of sedimentary humic substances (HS) from aquatic subtropical environments (a lake, an estuary and two marine sites) are investigated. Humic acids (HA) are relatively richer in nitrogen and in aliphatic chains than fulvic acids (FA) from the same sediments. Conversely, FA are richer in carboxylic groups and in ring polysaccharides than HA. Nitrogen is mostly present as amide groups and for lake and marine HS the FT-IR peaks around 1640 cm(-1) and 1540 cm(-1) identify polypeptides. Estuarine HS exhibit mixed continental-marine influences, these being highly influenced by site location. Overall, the data suggest that aquatic and mixed HS are more aliphatic than has been proposed in current models and also that amide linkages form an important part of their structural configuration.

Profiling the proteome complement of the secretion from hypopharyngeal gland of Africanized nurse-honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)

The protein complement of the secretion from hypopharyngeal gland of nurse-bees (Apis mellifera L.) was partially identified by using a combination of 2D-PAGE, peptide sequencing by MALDI-PSD/MS and a protein engine identification tool applied to the honeybee genome. The proteins identified were compared to those proteins already identified in the proteome complement of the royal jelly of the honey bees. The 2D gel electrophoresis demonstrated this protein complement is constituted of 61 different polypepides, from which 34 were identified as follows: 27 proteins belonged to MRJPs family, 5 proteins were related to the metabolism of carbohydrates and to the oxido-reduction metabolism of energetic Substrates, I protein was related to the accumulation of iron in honeybee bodies and I protein may be a regulator of MRJP-1 oligomerization. The proteins directly involved with the carbohydrates and energetic metabolisms were: alpha glucosidase, glucose oxidase and alpha amylase, whose are members of the same family of enzymes, catalyzing the hydrolysis of the glucosidic linkages of starch; alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, whose are constituents of the energetic metabolism. The results of the present manuscript support the hypothesis that the most of these proteins are produced in the hypoharyngeal gland of nurse-bees and secreted into the RJ. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Morphological and Structural Characteristics of Zein Biofilms with Added Xanthan Gum

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Production of cyclodextrins by CGTase from Bacillus clausii using different starches as substrates

Cyclodextrins ( CDs) are cyclic oligasaccharides composed by D- glucose monomers joined by alpha- 1,4-D glicosidic linkages. The main types of CDs are alpha-,beta-and gamma-CDs consisting of cycles of six, seven, and eight glucose monomers, respectively. Their ability to form inclusion complexes is the most important characteristic, allowing their wide industrial application. The physical property of the CD-complexed compound can be altered to improve stability, volatility, solubility, or bio-availability. The cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase ( CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19) is an enzyme capable of converting starch into CD molecules. In this work, the CGTase produced by Bacillus clausii strain E16 was used to produce CD from maltodextrin and different starches ( commercial soluble starch, corn, cassava, sweet potato, and waxy corn starches) as substrates. It was observed that the substrate sources influence the kind of CD obtained and that this CGTase displays a beta- CGTase action, presenting a better conversion of soluble starch at 1.0%, of which 80% was converted in CDs. The ratio of total CD produced was 0: 0.89: 0.11 for alpha/beta/gamma. It was also observed that root and tuber starches were more accessible to CGTase action than seed starch under the studied conditions.

Three exopolysaccharides of the beta-(1 -> 6)-D-glucan type and a beta-(1 -> 3;1 -> 6)-D-glucan produced by strains of Botryosphaeria rhodina isolated from rotting tropical fruit

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Structural investigations of tungsten silver phosphate glasses by solid state NMR, vibrational and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopies

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Structural studies of AgPO3-MoO3 glasses using solid state NMR and vibrational spectroscopies

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A visita domiciliar na formação de médicos: da concepção ao desafio do fazer

Desde 2003, desenvolve-se a Interação Universidade Serviço Comunidade (IUSC) na graduação médica de uma universidade pública do interior de São Paulo, Brasil, a partir da necessidade de vivências na Atenção Primária, visando à integralidade do cuidado. A visita domiciliar (VD) destacou-se como possibilidade para o estudante refletir sobre determinantes sociais do processo saúde-doença; desenvolver habilidades comunicacionais, prática educativa dialógica e vínculo com a comunidade; ampliar o raciocínio clínico e contribuir para a compreensão e resolução dos problemas familiares. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar essa proposta da VD na formação médica, utilizando pesquisa documental. Contextualizou-se o desenvolvimento da VD na IUSC, sua importância, abrangência e desafios para sua legitimação e incorporação como prática pertinente à formação médica. Concluiu-se que a VD pode fortalecer e ampliar vínculos, compromissos, e favorecer a comunicação, contribuindo para a mudança da educação médica no Brasil.