A Reactive Intermediate, Ni-5(C6H4N3)(6)(CO)(4)], in the Formation of Nonameric Clusters of Nickel, Ni-9(C6H4N3)(12)(CO)(6)] and Ni-9(C6H4N3)(12)(CO)(6)].2(C3H7NO)

Three new molecular compounds, Ni-5(bta)(6)(CO)(4)], I, Ni-9(bta)(12)(CO)(6)], II, Ni-9(bta)(12)(CO)(6)]. 2(C3H7NO), III, (bta = benzotriazole) were prepared employing solvothermal reactions. Of these, I have pentanuclear nickel, whereas II and III have nonanuclear nickel species. The structures are formed by the connectivity between the nickel and benzotriazole giving rise to the 5- and 9-membered nickel clusters. The structures are stabilised by extensive pi aEuro broken vertical bar pi and C-H... pi interactions. Compound II and III are solvotamorphs as they have the same 9-membered nickel clusters and have different solvent molecules. To the best of our knowledge, the compounds I-III represent the first examples of the same transition element existing in two distinct coordination environment in this class of compounds. The studies reveal that compound I is reactive and could be an intermediate in the preparation of II and III. Thermal studies indicate that the compounds are stable upto 350(a similar to)C and at higher temperatures (similar to 800(a similar to)C) the compounds decompose into NiO. Magnetic studies reveal that II is anti-ferromagnetic.

Performance comparison for 12 V lead-carbon hybrid ultracapacitors with substrate-integrated and conventional pasted positive plates

Lead-carbon hybrid ultracapacitors comprise positive lead dioxide plates of the lead-acid battery and negative plates of carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). Accordingly, a lead-carbon hybrid ultracapacitor has the features of both the battery and that of an EDLC. In this study, the development and performance comparison between the two types of lead-carbon hybrid ultracapacitors, namely those with substrate-integrated and conventional pasted positive plates, is presented as such a study is lacking in the literature. The study suggests that the faradaic efficiencies for both types of lead-carbon hybrid ultracapacitors are comparable. However, their capacitance values as well as energy and power densities differ significantly. For substrate-integrated positive plate hybrid ultracapacitor, capacitance and energy density values are lower, but power density values are higher than pasted positive plate lead-carbon hybrid ultracapacitors due to their shorter response time. Accordingly, internal resistance values are also lower for substrate-integrated lead-carbon hybrid ultracapacitors. Both types of lead-carbon hybrid ultracapacitors exhibit good cycle life of 100,000 pulse charge-discharge cycles with only a nominal loss in their capacitance values.

Directing peptide conformation with centrally positioned pre-organized dipeptide segments: studies of a 12-residue helix and beta-hairpin

Secondary structure formation in oligopeptides can be induced by short nucleating segments with a high propensity to form hydrogen bonded turn conformations. Type I/III turns facilitate helical folding while type II'/I' turns favour hairpin formation. This principle is experimentally verified by studies of two designed dodecapeptides, Boc-Val-Phe-Leu-Phe-Val-Aib-Aib-Val-Phe-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe 1 and Boc-Val-Phe-Leu-Phe-Val- (D) Pro- (L) Pro-Val-Phe-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe 2. The N- and C-terminal flanking pentapeptide sequences in both cases are identical. Peptide 1 adopts a largely alpha-helical conformation in crystals, with a small 3(10) helical segment at the N-terminus. The overall helical fold is maintained in methanol solution as evidenced by NMR studies. Peptide 2 adopts an antiparallel beta-hairpin conformation stabilized by 6 interstrand hydrogen bonds. Key nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) provide evidence for the antiparallel beta-hairpin structure. Aromatic proton chemical shifts provide a clear distinction between the conformation of peptides 1 (helical) and 2 (beta-hairpin). The proximity of facing aromatic residues positioned at non-hydrogen bonding positions in the hairpin results in extensively ring current shifted proton resonances in peptide 2.

Studies on 12 V substrate-integrated lead-carbon hybrid ultracapacitors

A cost-effective 12 V substrate-integrated lead-carbon hybrid ultracapacitor is developed and performance tested. These hybrid ultracapacitors employ flexible-graphite sheets as negative plate current-collectors that are coated amperometrically with a thin layer of conducting polymer, namely poly-aniline to provide good adhesivity to activated-carbon layer. The positive plate of the hybrid ultracapacitors comprise conventional lead-sheet that is converted electrochemically into a substrate-integrated lead-dioxide electrode. 12 V substrate-integrated lead-carbon hybrid ultracapacitors both in absorbent-glass-mat and polymeric silica-gel electrolyte configurations are fabricated and characterized. It is possible to realize 12 V configurations with capacitance values of similar to 200 F and similar to 300 F, energy densities of similar to 1.9 Wh kg(-1) and similar to 2.5 Wh kg(-1) and power densities of similar to 2 kW kg(-1) and similar to 0.8 kW kg(-1), respectively, having faradaic-efficiency values of similar to 90 % with cycle-life in excess of 100,000 cycles. The effective cost of the mentioned hybrid ultracapacitors is estimated to be about similar to 4 US$/Wh as compared to similar to 20 US$/Wh for commercially available ultracapacitors.

An Open-End winding IM drive with Multilevel 12-sided Polygonal Vectors with Symmetric Triangles

Multilevel inverters with hexagonal voltage space vector structures have improved performance of induction motor drives compared to that of the two level inverters. Further reduction in the torque ripple on the motor shaft is possible by using multilevel dodecagonal (12-sided polygon) voltage space vector structures. The advantages of dodecagonal voltage space vector based PWM techniques are the complete elimination of fifth and seventh harmonics in phase voltages for the full modulation range and the extension of linear modulation range. This paper proposes an inverter circuit topology capable of generating multilevel dodecagonal voltage space vectors with symmetric triangles, by cascading two asymmetric three level inverters with isolated H-Bridges. This is made possible by proper selection of DC link voltages and the selection of resultant switching states for the inverters. In this paper, a simple PWM timing calculation method is proposed. Experimental results have also been presented in this paper to validate the proposed concept.

Interlaboratory comparison of magnesium isotopic compositions of 12 felsic to ultramafic igneous rock standards analyzed by MC-ICPMS

To evaluate the interlaboratory mass bias for high-precision stable Mg isotopic analysis of natural materials, a suite of silicate standards ranging in composition from felsic to ultramafic were analyzed in five laboratories by using three types of multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICPMS). Magnesium isotopic compositions from all labs are in agreement for most rocks within quoted uncertainties but are significantly (up to 0.3 parts per thousand in Mg-26/Mg-24, > 4 times of uncertainties) different for some mafic samples. The interlaboratory mass bias does not correlate with matrix element/Mg ratios, and the mechanism for producing it is uncertain but very likely arises from column chemistry. Our results suggest that standards with different matrices are needed to calibrate the efficiency of column chemistry and caution should be taken when dealing with samples with complicated matrices. Well-calibrated standards with matrix elements matching samples should be used to reduce the interlaboratory mass bias.

Definition of a serum marker panel for glioblastoma discrimination and identification of Interleukin 1 beta in the microglial secretome as a novel mediator of endothelial cell survival induced by C-reactive protein

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant adult primary brain tumor. We profiled 724 cancer-associated proteins in sera of healthy individuals (n = 27) and GBM (n = 28) using antibody microarray. While 69 proteins exhibited differential abundance in GBM sera, a three-marker panel (LYAM1, BHE40 and CRP) could discriminate GBM sera from that of healthy donors with an accuracy of 89.7% and p < 0.0001. The high abundance of C-reactive protein (CRP) in GBM sera was confirmed in 264 independent samples. High levels of CRP protein was seen in GBM but without a change in transcript levels suggesting a non-tumoral origin. Glioma-secreted Interleukin 6 (IL6) was found to induce hepatocytes to secrete CRP, involving JAK-STAT pathway. The culture supernatant from CRP-treated microglial cells induced endothelial cell survival under nutrient-deprivation condition involving CRP-Fc gamma RIII signaling cascade. Transcript profiling of CRP-treated microglial cells identified Interleukin 1 beta (IL1 beta) present in the microglial secretome as the key mediator of CRP-induced endothelial cell survival. IL1 beta neutralization by antibody-binding or siRNA-mediated silencing in microglial cells reduced the ability of the supernatant from CRP-treated microglial cells to induce endothelial cell survival. Thus our study identifies a serum based three-marker panel for GBM diagnosis and provides leads for developing targeted therapies. Biological significance A complex antibody microarray based serum marker profiling identified a three-marker panel - LYAM1, BHE40 and CRP as an accurate discriminator of glioblastoma sera from that of healthy individuals. CRP protein is seen in high levels without a concomitant increase of CRP transcripts in glioblastoma. Glioma-secreted IL6 induced hepatocytes to produce CRP in a JAK-STAT signaling dependent manner. CRP induced microglial cells to release IL1 beta which in turn promoted endothelial cell survival. This study, besides defining a serum panel for glioblastoma discrimination, identified IL1 beta as a potential candidate for developing targeted therapy. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comments on ``Influence of chemical reaction and viscous dissipation on MHD mixed convection flow'' by K. Das JMST 28 (5) (2014) 1881 similar to 1885] and ``Cu-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a shrinking sheet'' by K. Das JMST 28 (12) 5089 similar to 5094]

In this letter, we submit our comment on the following recently published papers by Kalidas Das: (1) ``Influence of chemical reaction and viscous dissipation on MHD mixed convection flow,'' Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (5) (2014) 1881-1885; and (2) ``Cu-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a shrinking sheet,'' Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28 (12) (2014) 5089-5094. The authors attempt to present the similarity solutions in both papers. We comment that the similarity transformations considered in Refs. 1, 2] are incorrect. Thus, the results presented by Kalidas Das lead to invalid conclusions.

Shear Strength Measurements in LY-12 Aluminium Alloy During Shock Loading

Lateral stress of LY-12 alummium alloy under plate impact shock loading was measured. Based on the measured data, the Hugoniot relation and shear strength were obtained. The result has demonstrated that the shear strenath of the tested material increases remarkably with the increasing longitudinal stress. This means that the assumption of constant shear strength usually adopted in shock stress calculation is not suitable for the present material.

The MHP36 line of murine neural stem cells expresses functional CXCR1 chemokine receptors that initiate chemotaxis in vitro.

Chemokines help to establish cerebral inflammation after ischemia, which comprises a major component of secondary brain injury. The CXCR4 chemokine receptor system induces neural stem cell migration, and hence has been implicated in brain repair. We show that CXCR1 and interleukin-8 also stimulate chemotaxis in murine neural stem cells from the MHP36 cell line. The presence of CXCR1 was confirmed by reverse transcriptase PCR and immunohistochemistry. Interleukin-8 evoked intracellular calcium currents, upregulated doublecortin (a protein expressed by migrating neuroblasts), and elicited positive chemotaxis in vitro. Therefore, effectors of the early innate immune response may also influence brain repair mechanisms.

Virulent Salmonella enterica infections can be exacerbated by concomitant infection of the host with a live attenuated S. enterica vaccine via Toll-like receptor 4-dependent interleukin-10 production with the involvement of both TRIF and MyD88.

During systemic disease in mice, Salmonella enterica grows intracellularly within discrete foci of infection in the spleen and liver. In concomitant infections, foci containing different S. enterica strains are spatially separated. We have investigated whether functional interactions between bacterial populations within the same host can occur despite the known spatial separation of the foci and independence of growth of salmonellae residing in different foci. In this study we have demonstrated that bacterial numbers of virulent S. enterica serovar Typhimurium C5 strain in mouse tissues can be increased by the presence of the attenuated aroA S. Typhimurium SL3261 vaccine strain in the same tissue. Disease exacerbation does not require simultaneous coinjection of the attenuated bacteria. SL3261 can be administered up to 48 hr after or 24 hr before the administration of C5 and still determine higher tissue numbers of the virulent bacteria. This indicates that intravenous administration of a S. enterica vaccine strain could potentially exacerbate an established infection with wild-type bacteria. These data also suggest that the severity of an infection with a virulent S. enterica strain can be increased by the prior administration of a live attenuated vaccine strain if infection occurs within 48 hr of vaccination. Exacerbation of the growth of C5 requires Toll-like receptor 4-dependent interleukin-10 production with the involvement of both Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta and myeloid differentiation factor 88.

Evaluación de la influencia de cuatro niveles de fertilización completa (12-30-10) en la producción de semillas de Canavalia ensiformis L.

El trabajo se desarrolló de octubre a marzo (1997-1998) en la hacienda Santa Rosa propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA) en el departamento de Managua. Se evaluó el efecto de cuatro niveles de fertilización completa (12-30-10) y el testigo (sin fertilización) sobre la producción de semillas de Canavalia ensiformis L. Para esto se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloque completo al azar (BCA) y se estudió el efecto de un sólo factor (niveles de fertilización): Con tres repeticiones, formándose un total de 15 parcelas. El ensayo se realizó en un área total de 229.5 m2. Para evaluar las variables: rendimiento de semillas. cantidad promedio de semillas por vainas, largo promedio de vainas, número promedio de vainas por planta y altura de plantas (cm). Teniendo como parcela útil 3 m2. El estudio estadístico contempló el uso de análisis de varianza: El resultado del análisis no mostró diferencia significativa entre bloques ni tratamientos, sin descartar la existencia de diferencias reales. Al realizar el análisis de presupuestos parciales determinamos que el tratamiento de mayor utilidad con respecto al testigo es T2 (24.00 kg/ha) de fertilización 12-30-10. Debemos señalar que este incremento no justifica la aplicación de fertilizante en las condiciones en que se realizó el ensayo ya que la diferencia que se presenta es mínima. La no significancia entre tratamiento se atribuye probablemente al momento de aplicación del fertilizante (al momento de la siembra), que nos hace suponer no fue utilizado por las plantas para la producción de semillas, si no para otras actividades fisiológicas de las mismas.

Efecto de diferentes niveles de nitrógeno, fraccionamiento y momentos de aplicación sobre el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del maíz (Zea mays L.) var. NB-12

El ensayo se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental La Compañía, Cerezo. Se estudió el efecto de tres niveles de nitrógeno (0, 50 y 100 kg/ha), dos fraccionamientos (25-75 % y 50-50%) y dos momentos de aplicación del nitrógeno (0-16 y 0-22 días después de la siembra) sobre el crecimiento. desarrollo y rendimiento del maíz (Zea mays L.), variedad NB-12, se estableció el experimento utilizando el diseño trifactorial modificado en bloques completos al azar con cinco repeticiones, realizado en época de postrera del 25 de Agosto al 13 de Diciembre de 1989. En los resultados obtenidos indican que hubo relaten positiva del factor nitrógeno sobre el crecimiento vegetativo de cultivo, siendo la mejor con el nivel de 100 kg/ha. Presentando un similar comportamiento los fraccionamientos y los momentos de aplicación. Los análisis realizados demuestran diferencias significativas para los diferentes niveles de nitrógeno sobre el rendimiento y sus componentes principales, obteniéndole el mayor rendimiento Con 100 kg/ha de nitrógeno, no así para el fraccionamiento y momentos de aplicación que no presentaran diferencias significativas. Entre las diferentes interacciones no hubieron diferencias significativas sobre el rendimiento y sus componentes principales, sin embargo se produjo la mejor respuesta con la combinación de 100 kg/ha de nitrógeno, fraccionándolo en 50-50 Y. aplicado a la siembra y 16 días después.

Efecto de tres diferentes niveles de nitrógeno, tres fraccionamientos y dos momentos de aplicación de fertilizante sobre el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del maíz (Zea mays L.) var. NB-12 en suelos de Las Mercedes, postrera 1989

Con la finalidad de analizar la influencia de tres diferentes niveles de nitrógeno (0, 50 y 100 kg/ha de nitrógeno), tres diferentes fraccionamientos (25-25-50; 25-50-25 y 33-33-33 por ciento del fertilizante aplicado a cada momento) y dos diferentes momentos de aplicación (0 - 16 -32 y 0 -32 -48 días después de la siembra) sobre el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del maíz (Zea mays L.) variedad NB-12, se estableció en experimiento trifactorial montado en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, más un testigo absoluto con cinco repeticiones en la Hacienda Las Mercedes, Managua, cuyos suelos son de topolofía plana, textura franco arcillosa a franca y medios en materia orgánica. Para el crecimiento y desarrollo se encotró el mejor comportamiento con el nivel de 100 kg/ha de nitrógeno fraccionados en un 25-50-25 o en tres aplicaciones iguales y aplicados a la siembra, 32 y 48 y a la siembra, 16 y 32 días después respectivamente. Por otro lado se observó de manera general que el rendimiento y sus componetes principales tienden a aumentar con el nivel de 100 kg/ha de nitrógeno, divididos en tres aplicaciones iguales y sumunistrados a la siembra, 16 y 32 días después.

Efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada, fraccionamiento y momento de aplicación sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del maíz (Zea mays L.) var. NB-12

En la estación experimental "La Compañía" ubicado en el municipio de San Marcos, departamento de Carazo se estableció un ensayo en época de postrera 1989, con el objetivo de determinar la influencia sobre tres diferentes niveles de nitrógeno (0-50-100 kg/ha), tres fraccionamientos (25- 25-50, 25-50-25, 33-33-33 %) y das momentos de aplicación (0-16-32 y 0-32-48 dds)sobre el crecimiento , desarrollo y rendimiento del maíz (Zea mays variedad NB-12. Se usó un diseño trifactorial modificado en bloques completos al azar con cinco réplicas. Los resultados muestren que con niveles de 100 kg/ha de nitrógeno incrementa el crecimiento vegetativo de la planta, fraccionando en 25-50-25 y 25-25-50% aplicándose en épocas tempranas, a la siembra, 16 y 32 días después. Al mismo tiempo se determinó que los diferentes niveles de nitrógeno produjeron diferencias significativas sobre el rendimiento y sus componentes principales, obteniéndose la mejor respuesta con un nivel de 100 kg/ha de nitrógeno, fraccionado en 25-50-25 % aplicado a la siembra, 32 y 48 días después. No se produjo efecto significativo de las interacciones sobre el rendimiento y sus componentes principales, sin embargo se produjo la mejor respuesta con la combinación de 100 kg/ha de nitrógeno fraccionado en 25-50-25 % aplicado a la siembro, 16 y 32 días después.