Historielärares historier : Ämnesbiografi och ämnesförståelse hos gymnasielärare i historia

The overall aim of this study is to analyse history teachers’ understanding of the school subject history. The aim have also been to uncover what factors the history teachers say have affected their understanding of the school subject. Based on survey and interview methods, the question that this study deals with is: in the light of which general understanding of the school subject history, do the teachers make didactic choices on a daily basis? The first theme is biographical. The teachers’ life-history is taken into consideration and several factors in the teachers’ background and the school environment have been identified. It also seems as if the teachers’ understanding of the school subject goes from an elementary and searching approach to one that is more complex and convinced. The second theme is a more structural approach. The results shows three major orientations among the teachers’ general understanding namely, educational (bildung) orientation, critical orientation and identity orientation. Even though a main orientation can be seen among the teachers, an important result is also that the orientation is overall complex. At the most general level some patterns can be seen. First the connection between the teachers’ biography and their general understanding of the school subject. In the understanding of the school subject, it is also notable that teachers relate in different ways to history as science, history as identity and history from an ideological viewpoint. It is also possible to note some signs of change in the school subject history that follows a lager historiographical context.

Konsten att välja rätt spårvagn : en studie av segregation, skolval och unga människors studieplaner

The art of choosing the right tram – A study of urban segregation, choice of school and young people’s life plans When discussing barriers to integration and young people’s choice of school, research often focuses on language skills, cultural capital, supportive environments and other more obvious, distinct and material aspects that have an impact on educational achievement. In the present study, we have instead chosen to look at how young immigrants construct their inner career landscapes and life-plans, and how this relates to their perception of ethnicity, neighbourhood and identity. The sample used here consists of altogether twenty individuals. The interviews were used to explore certain designated dimensions and processes. All interviews were conducted in the school environment, in classrooms and other locations. The students attended two different inner-city schools. A narrative-sociological approach is used in the analysis. The young people’s perceptions and narratives are analysed in relation to concepts such as: territorial stigmatization, identity, self-perception and modifications of life plans. The findings show that the feelings of otherness which originates in housing conditions, experiences of exclusion and the everyday life of many immigrants, are transposed into the school area and transformed into strategies and life plans.

”Vi kan vistas i samma rum men jag tänker inte prata med dig” : Religionskunskapslärares tolkning av begreppet tolerans samt dess betydelse och funktion i undervisningen

This is a qualitative interview study aiming to examine the concept of tolerance as it is a core value in the curriculum for the Swedish upper secondary school and high school. The concept of tolerance is linked to the subject of religious studies. A total of six teachers were interviewed regarding their understanding and interpretation of the concept, as well as its place in their teaching. The method of analysis was hermeneutic and the statements made by the teachers were further analyzed in the light of normcritical pedagogy and didactical awareness. The results show a diversified understanding of the concept, manifested in a broad scale of attitudes to it, ranging from negative to positive, though all were based on a reflective approach. This affected the teachers' tendency to include, or focus on, the concept of tolerance in their teaching, varying from active inclusion to exclusion. The discussion focuses on the differences and difficulties associated with acts of tolerance versus attitudes of tolerance. The teachers define religious studies as a subject with heavy focus on interpersonal relations. Acts of tolerance are therefore problematic as they are also acts of power between individuals and groups. This shows the didactical importance of discussing the concept of tolerance, mainly in relation to attitudes and acts, between teachers as well as in the classroom.

Interview with Jeuel Esmacher Bannister

In her January 20, 2015 interview with Michelle Dubert-Bellrichard, Jeuel Esmacher Bannister details her time at Winthrop from 1940-1944. Shared are the memories of professors in the music department, her opinions on the expectations of students, and going to school during WWII. Esmacher Bannister recalls stories of the Army Air Corps Cadets on campus, and the courses offered by the U.S. government that led Esmacher Bannister to a career as a Japanese and Russian cryptographer. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.

Literatura infantil : uma abordagem das qualidades sensíveis e inteligíveis da leitura imagética na escola

Esta dissertação discute a leitura de textos imagéticos a partir da perspectiva da educação e da semiótica visual, tratando das articulações e relações entre os elementos constitutivos da imagem em livros de literatura infantil sem texto verbal. A investigação busca revelar, na complexidade das relações existentes entre elementos estruturantes das imagens nos livros O caminho do caracol e Cena de rua, o sentido que se inscreve no texto e a possibilidade da sua leitura no meio escolar. As obras literárias para a infância veiculam a linguagem visual em junção com a verbal e propiciam experiências sensíveis e inteligíveis. A partir da teoria semiótica greimasiana, aplicando instrumentos de análise do percurso gerativo de sentido, a pesquisa demonstra que o texto imagético é estruturado por diferentes níveis de complexidade, impondo um modo de ler específico. A identificação, descrição, classificação, bem como as relações entre as categorias, nas suas dimensões cromática, eidética e topológica, levam à constatação que as qualidades plásticas da imagem organizam sistemas de linguagem, reunindo solidariamente o plano da expressão e do conteúdo, criam estruturas e geram efeitos de sentido. A imagem, então, constitui-se como objeto de significação e a ilustração presente no livro de literatura infantil, ao ser tratada como texto lisível, torna-se objeto de leitura. A complexidade desse tipo de texto aponta a necessidade da formação específica de professores para explorar a leitura escolar das linguagens visuais.

Participação Infantil: experiência de pesquisa realizada em organização social na Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro

Este trabalho se propõe a ser um fio na teia de reflexões que tecem o debate sobre a participação infantil a partir do ponto de vista das crianças em co-operação com adultos. Sua trama se compõe de campos distintos e autônomos - infância, direito social e participação -, que se cruzam e inter-relacionam, investigados no âmbito de uma experiência realizada na organização social Fundação Xuxa Meneghel, que tem como eixo central de suas ações a promoção e a proteção de crianças e adolescentes que vivem em situação de vulnerabilidade social na Zona Oeste do município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de uma micro-experiência, que pretende compreender o ser criança em relação aos seus direitos humanos e sociais, observando sua influência nas práticas sociais presentes na nossa cultura. O direito à participação infantil - entendida como ferramenta para a auto-proteção e a promoção das crianças como sujeitos plenos exercitando a cidadania - se materializou numa investigação em que as concepções metodológicas convencionais foram se re-construindo por meio das vozes infantis em diálogo com seus pares e com os adultos. As crianças apresentaram seus pontos de vista e as significações que atribuem ao seu entorno e a suas possibilidades e limites de participar de forma genuína nas suas principais instâncias de socialização: família, escola e comunidade. A experiência se constitui numa provocação do olhar para as identidades e as culturas das crianças que dela participaram, para suas vivências expressas por representações de ações e emoções contextualizadas no tempo e no espaço, numa tentativa de compor com elas - e ampliando para todas as crianças da instituição - uma compreensão do que significa o direito de participar, ensinado e apreendido em perspectiva social e cultural.

A superação da pobreza através da distribuição justa das riquezas sociais: uma análise da consistência teórica do Programa Bolsa Família e das perspectivas dos beneficiários de saída autosustentada do programa

Bolsa Família is the major brazilian conditional cash transfer program. It provides money to poor families contingent on investments in human capital, such as sending children to school or bringing them to health centers. This work aims to investigate if this program, in its normative structure, can be considered an appropriate policy of income redistribution and if it is able, appliances of the Welfare State model in the brazilian society and to approach the program in two different ways: as an alternative to more traditional social assistance programs and as a demand-side complement to the supply of other social needs. We will work on the thesis that the program by itself can not provide vulnerable populations with enough means to overcome poverty and to participate effectively on the market. According to this assumption, this paper is going to consider the reasons why tackling income necessary, along with the program, that the Government - in both federal and local spheres shall place major investments in critical areas like education and health.

Educação para a igualdade na perspectiva de gênero

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo refletir sobre as questões de gênero e diversidade nas políticas públicas de educação no Brasil. O propósito foi analisar o esforço investido em mudanças no processo de formação básica, que buscam tornar a escola um lugar mais igualitário, preparado para cumprir seu papel na formação de sujeitos para o exercício da cidadania. Também foi finalidade da pesquisa captar a percepção dos educadores em face desse esforço. Como estudo de caso, foi tomado o curso piloto do projeto Gênero e Diversidade na Escola (GDE), que propõe, através de formação complementar, uma discussão com educadores sobre assuntos da diversidade, gênero, sexualidade e relações étnico-raciais. O curso GDE, realizado no ano de 2006, ofertou 1200 vagas para professores do ensino fundamental de seis municípios das cinco regiões brasileiras: Dourados/MS, Niterói e Nova Iguaçu/RJ, Maringá/PR, Porto Velho/RO e Salvador/BA. Para viabilizar a pesquisa foram analisados 60 memoriais, desenvolvidos como parte da avaliação final dos professores que participaram do projeto.

Análise e proposta de aprimoramento para a gestão da Sabina Escola Parque do Conhecimento

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal buscar, por meio de benchmarking, um modelo mais apropriado de gestão para o equipamento público Sabina Escola Parque do Conhecimento – localizado na cidade de Santo André-São Paulo –, cuja finalidade é ser uma extensão lúdica e prática do ambiente escolar. Para isso, avaliaram-se os modelos de gestão aplicados em equipamentos públicos similares, isto é, que também fornecem serviços educacionais e ambientais inovadores. Os equipamentos públicos escolhidos para compor a análise foram: Museu Catavento, Plug Minas e Aquário Municipal de Santos, situados, respectivamente, nas cidades de São Paulo, Belo Horizonte e Santos. Para alcançar esse objetivo, recorreu-se a um estudo investigativo, que compreendeu pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, visitas técnicas, coleta de dados quantitativos sobre os equipamentos e suas respectivas localidades, bem como entrevistas com os gestores desses atrativos e com responsáveis por órgãos governamentais relacionados. A partir disso, e com auxílio da análise SWOT, foram elaboradas algumas propostas para melhorar a gestão da Sabina Escola Parque: implantar um modelo de gestão por resultados, implementar parcerias formalizadas por meio de contrato de gestão com entidade qualificada, como as Organizações Sociais, incrementar as receitas, melhorar a eficiência das despesas, dentre outras.

Eleição nas escolas: uma análise do impacto do diretor eleito sobre o desempenho educacional no Estado da Bahia

In Brazil, the selection of school principals is set in a decentralized manner by each state and city, such that processes may vary with time for a specific locality. In the state of Bahia, school principals were appointed by a higher political hierarchy until 2008, when schools under state administration started selecting principals by elections. The main goal of this work is to evaluate whether changing this specific rule affected students proficiency levels. This is achieved by using a panel data and difference-in-differences approachs that compares state schools (treatment group) to city schools (control group) that did not face a selection rule change and thus kept having their principals politically appointed. The databases used are Prova Brasil 2007, 2009 and 2011, the first one prior and the other two former to the policy change. Our results suggest that students attending schools with principals that are selected and elected have slightly lower mean proficiency levels both in mathematics and in portuguese exams than those attending schools with appointed principals. This result, according to the literature, could be related to perverse effects of selecting school administrators by vote, such as corporatism, clientelism and politicization of the school environment

Práticas sócio-ambientais no espaço escolar: uma reflexão sobre a percepção dos usuários de duas escolas do ensino fundamental em João Pessoa, Paraíba

In the social-historical moment we live in, it is each time more evident the necessity of the people to learn to deal with the environment in conscientious way, taking care of themselves properly through it. In this direction, considering the school as a place where children, young and adolescents spend great part of their time, this work had as objective to examine the perception of school environment for students, professors and employees of two schools in João Pessoa city - Centro Estadual Experimental de Ensino-Aprendizagem Sesquicentenário and Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Presidente Emílio Garrastazu Médici (Experimental State Center of Learning-teaching Sesquicentenário and Basic and High State School Education Emilio Garrastazu Médici President). From the presupposed that the environments in which and with which people live reflect their daily practices, the field work searched to identify the social-environmental practices that characterize the relation of these users with the school and, from this understanding, to infer some of their concerns regarding the environment as a whole. To analyze the use of the available physical space in the two institutions it was opted the use of the After-Occupation Evaluation, one of the approaches that feed the process of building production or built set, rescuing aspects related to its use, operation and maintenance. Besides analyzing diverse school environments (such as classroom circulations/accesses, library, pedagogical and sportive spaces) in relation to the environmental comfort and the perceptions of the main users of the schools (pupils, professors and employees), the dissertation tried to inquire the care (ambient education) of these users with the school space. In general, it was verified that the two schools have evaluations and perceptions really different for four reasons: (i) management of the schools; (ii) the users perception; (III) localization of schools and (IV) feeling of place, territoriality and appropriation

A assistência técnica nos habitats do MST e o papel do arquiteto e urbanista

This dissertation is about Architect and town planner inserts in the technical support of the Rural establishment and of the possibilities of changes in their habitat. It also looks for its participation through the production of those spaces with or without its performance through two references cases, in Rio Grande do Norte , one called settlement Eldorado de Carajás and another one called Maria da Paz. At first the process represents the model that was adopted systematically by Incra until the middle of the year 2000 with the sub-contracting of their construction work through small companies. These standardized projects which are executed without registration in the system CONFEA/CREA without demand of professional authorship and of technical responsibility of the work. But the process taken place at Maria da Paz s area was configured as one of the first initiatives that stopped with those practices. Consolidated through a partnership among UFRN MST and INCRA/RN, the Architect s technical support and town planner brought new technician-scientific organization and execution of the soil parcels and its habitat. The participation of UFRN was done through a group of studies in land reform and Habitat (GERAH) being this author and coordinator of the methodological proposal, based on the regressive-progressive method and in the inclusion of the conflict as responsible of the ruptures and transductions both done by Henry Léfèbvre and in the research action approached by Carlos Brandão. Therefore it included the process of social learning and collective production of new knowledge and attitudes in relation to the environment in the process called as attended self management in spite of the transformations happened with this new agent s participation. The people re-located to the new areas that got involved in the process and finished their constructions reelaborating the daily practice of the collective effort passed to the self management without technical support. Years later the implantation of those two experiences our research verified that there is a positive image concerning the Architect and town planner, related, most of all to the conception of the activities, orientation and execution of constructions projects and of acceptance of those professionals to the processes of implementation of the Habitats of the Rural establishments. This dissertation analyses this form of performance, from and beyond these images trying to find the professional, specificities or methodological in such a way to demonstrate the importance of its insertion in the formulation and attendance of the more of 100.000 habitats of Rural establishments of the land reform of the country that correspond to most of the housing social interest in the country side

Toxicity of the therapeutic potassium permanganate to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and to non-target organisms Ceriodaphnia dubia (microcrustacean cladocera) and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (green microalgae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Xylella fastidiosa: An in vivo system to study possible survival strategies within citrus xylem vessels based on global gene expression analysis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Inclusão digital: a inserção das tecnologias informacionais nas escolas públicas da RMNatal

This study aims to determine the influence of Digital Inclusion in school performance of students from public high school in the metropolitan area of Natal, through the use of computers in a pedagogical and Internet use.Throughout the paper we try to answer the question: The pedagogical use of computers connected to the Internet contributes to improving the academic performance of students in public schools in the RMNatal? To answer the research question, we focus on the database INEP on the infrastructure of schools and the bank rates of school performance. For both technical procedures performed to obtain the relationship between Internet and School Performance. Then the School Settings have been configured for Digital Inclusion and made crosses with the approval rates, distortion and failure. The survey results indicate that according to the classification established in: Included in School Settings, School Settings deficit, Adverse Environments School and School Settings Deleted, which has prevailed in the metropolitan area of Natal are the schools that are provided outside.