1000 resultados para INOVAÇÃO EDUCATIVA
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Article d'opinió sobre la tensió entre mèrit i igualtat de la Llei de qualitat de l’educació del Partit Popular
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Increased production of biomass is currently the only immediately accessible alternative for large-scale carbon sequestration and it can produce large amounts of food, fuel and raw materials for the chemical industry that can in turn growingly replace oil as a source of organic building blocks and also of hydrogen and sulfur. Development of processes for biomass and abundant minerals transformation into chemical raw materials should now benefit from large inputs from nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, information and micro-reactor technologies. Success in R&D&Innovation along this line can yield new products and processes needed to perform desirable functions within a sustainable development paradigm.
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Chemistry students have difficulty understanding molecular structures and their functions. To aide their comprehension, molecular visualization software has been developed to run on smart phones, but in order to positively influence learning it must have a high degree of usability (usability measures how software is used in terms of efficiency, efficacy and satisfaction). This paper describes a usability study of molecular visualization software running on a smart phone, where chemistry students analyzed molecular models. Results showed very good usability and 95% of students wanted to use it in further classes.
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In December 2004, Brazil's President signed Law number 10.973, which provides for incentives toward innovation, scientific and technological research in the production environment and other measures, also known as the Law of Innovation. Although Brazil has advanced greatly in the number of scientific articles published, currently accounting for about 3% of world scientific output, this progress has not been replicated in the production of patents. This article presents a discussion on the importance of introducing patent issues into national undergraduate courses.
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ABSTRACT The main aim of this paper was to contribute to reflections in Brazil on the need to transfer knowledge held at universities and R&D institutions over to companies, i.e. to transfer scientific knowledge of chemistry to technology. It discusses how the competitiveness of countries is increasingly dependent on their technological capacity. The chemicals industry is a fundamental driver of social, environmental, economic and industrial indicators of sustainable development. In Brazil, the chemicals industry's deficit has grown over the last three decades. Patents are important sources of information because patent documents contain 75% of all technological information available. The National Institute of Industrial Property in Brazil has created a Technology Observatory with the purpose of identifying and analyzing technological information contained in patent documents within the ambit of partnerships with government entities or business associations, in order to support their technology-related decision-making processes. The paper gives examples of ethanol and biotechnology patent documents, including pharmaceuticals, of which there are very few in Brazil. However, a few of the patent applications identified are filed in Brazil, giving the country the opportunity to transform this scientific knowledge into technology by means of partnership agreements with companies. Finally, the paper presents information on the patent applications filed by the world's leading chemicals companies as measured by their revenues, and the respective numbers of patent applications in the last five years in organic chemistry and polymers, sectors in which Brazil is currently dependent on imports for over 50% of its needs. The patent assignees in these sectors in Brazil are also identified, and the paper concludes that Brazil needs to invest in the development of professionals, providing clearly-defined career paths in technology innovation teams at R&D institutions, and to foster more initiatives such as the creation of a new research and innovation entity, EMBRAPII, since investing in science and technology is a prerequisite for knowledge production, industrial property, economic development and, consequently, the competitiveness of the country.
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Based on Science, Technology & Innovation (ST&I) indicators, Brazil is a competitive and interesting country from the point of view of technological foreign investment. However, it is still incipient with regard to national investments, production of technological knowledge, inbound mobility of scientists and technology transfer to the productive sector. Among many other factors, global patent production is considered as an important indicator of innovation. Likewise, the balance between revenue and expenses obtained through royalties and licensing fees of technologies is also critical in mapping the diffusion and absorption of knowledge. The understanding of intellectual property and its strategic management brings a significant advantage to the economic and technological development of nations, especially in the field of chemistry, which greatly contributes to biotechnology, new materials and microelectronics - three fundamental areas for innovation in developed countries. Therefore, this article aims to map out competencies in chemistry in Brazil and evaluate science, technology and innovation indicators in the country, comparing this dynamic to the one of other BRIC members (Russia, India and China). Chemistry is the fourth biggest field of interest in Brazil based on the number of researchers registered at the governmental platform for researchers, Plataforma Lattes/CNPq, and is preceded by education, medicine and agronomy. The majority of research groups are registered in the area of materials, followed by macromolecules and polymers, pharmaceutical products and basic materials chemistry. These groups represent approximately 77% of research groups analyzed, therefore, indicating a tendency in the country. The analyses of patents in different sub-areas of chemistry reveal that non-residents file most deposits in the country, a probable reflection of the low internal intellectual property culture. Pharmaceutics and Fine Chemistry are prominent areas in the country, in line with the global trend. Among BRIC countries, China has the highest number of patents and of requests for protection in international offices. On the other hand, Brazil has the lowest number of chemical patents published at USPTO, EPO and JPO. An analysis of the transfer of technology data indicates an increase in this activity in various sub-areas of chemistry in the country. Despite the great efforts made by the country to consolidate its national innovation system, more needs to be done to put Brazil in a competitive position. In a globalized world dominated by large players, Brazil needs a lot of progress on ownership and generation of chemistry technologies to strengthen its national sovereignty. It is essential to strengthen chemical research at all levels, from elementary school to university, as an inexhaustible source of knowledge and technology that, when properly protected, may generate real public achievement and social return.
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The transition to sustainable standards of production and consumption within a scenario of decreased availability of natural resources, growing population and climate change is essential to meet current challenges facing mankind. A strategy to meet these challenges should contain elements different from current approaches for industrial production. This work concentrates on the possibilities for the intensive use of sustainable biomass, abundant minerals and every type of residue, a task that can largely benefit from the application of nanotechnology and biotechnology platforms for material design and transformation. This strategy cannot be solely based on existing knowledge and requires new science, new knowledge including supposedly well-known themes, like the tribochemistry of electrostatic charging and friction. It is especially relevant within the Brazilian context, where many recent successful innovations are related to biomass production and transformation. Implementation of this strategy requires converging efforts by personnel from many different organizations and professions, while making sound risk assessment to produce significant innovation leading to sustainable development.
Inovação curricular nos cursos de graduação em medicina: o ensino da bioética como uma possibilidade
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O estudo tem por objetivos sistematizar o estado da arte do ensino da bioética na graduação médica brasileira, com base nos trabalhos publicados nos anais dos congressos da Sociedade Brasileira de Bioética, da Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica e da Rede Unida, e nas revistas Bioética, Brasileira de Bioética, Brasileira de Educação Médica e Olho Mágico dos anos 2000 até 2005, e identificar concepções, conceitos, métodos e pressupostos bioéticos adotados no material pesquisado. Situa-se entre os campos da educação e do trabalho médicos, aqui entendidos como duas práticas sociais que devem dialogar permanentemente, razão pela qual a Pedagogia das Competências e as noções de competência e autonomia, como fundamentação e categorias teóricas, respectivamente, nele se inserem como aportes para compreender o processo de inclusão do ensino de bioética nos cursos de graduação médica, como uma possibilidade de inovação curricular.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A educação em saúde é o foco da experiência relatada neste trabalho que foi desenvolvido como uma das atividades de um grupo do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET Saúde) da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP) em parceria com a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Mariana, no âmbito do Programa de Atenção à Criança do município. OBJETIVOS: Melhorar a interatividade entre profissionais e população por meio de estratégias participativas e lúdicas envolvendo grupos de mães. MÉTODOS: Realização de dinâmicas educativas e avaliativas com os responsáveis pelas crianças e de atividades lúdicas para entretenimento das crianças que são assistidas pelo Programa, ambas pautadas na metodologia da educação popular. RESULTADOS: Os profissionais envolvidos se mostraram receptivos ao uso de novas metodologias educativas no trabalho com aqueles grupos operativos. Os participantes demonstraram interesse e interação nos encontros. As crianças se mostraram satisfeitas em ter um passatempo enquanto aguardavam a avaliação nutricional. O processo proporcionou reflexão crítica e construção de conhecimento entre os monitores e professores. CONCLUSÃO: A aproximação entre profissionais de saúde e população, historicamente pautada pela dicotomia entre o saber técnico e o saber popular, é beneficiada por ações que permitem a criação de espaços de diálogo, como os que foram desenvolvidos no grupo com o suporte da metodologia da educação popular.
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No intervalo de uma década (1966-1975), três escolas médicas - nas universidades de Brasília (UnB), São Paulo (USP) e Minas Gerais (UFMG) - estabeleceram novos currí-culos a fim de preparar médicos com potencial ampliado no trato de necessidades de saúde no cenário comunitário. As três escolas diferiam entre si no contexto geopolítico, na totalidade de recursos e na experiência de vida. Embora suas propostas tivessem traços em comum, cada qual definiu de forma peculiar os elementos da organização programática, dos enfoques estratégicos e da gestão do processo curricular, os quais se expressaram diferentemente na característica global de orientação comunitária, bem como no impacto de seus efeitos na formação dos médicos e no sistema de saúde. Este relato reúne informações documentais referenciadas e algumas ilações sobre os elementos básicos da inovação curricular e seus efeitos, nos três casos.
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RESUMO Este artigo relata a inovação pedagógica na abordagem da Ecologia Médica no curso de Medicina da Universidade Severino Sombra (USS) por meio do conteúdo programático da disciplina Sistema de Integração Curricular e Comunitária I, descrevendo suas contribuições para a formação de médicos com visão ampliada de saúde, conscientes da interface entre saúde e meio ambiente.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil impactante do processo de inovação tecnológica na colheita florestal. Analisou-se o processo de inovação quando da mudança do subsistema tradicional (Motosserra + Forwarder) para o inovado (Feller Buncher + Clambunk Skidder). Utilizou-se um método consolidado para avaliação de impacto ambiental da inovação tecnológica na agropecuária, que avalia o desempenho ambiental de uma dada metodologia ou tecnologia em relação àquela previamente estabelecida. O método foi adaptado para avaliação de impactos na colheita florestal. Os impactos foram analisados para os indicadores dos meios físico (atmosfera; solo, água); biótico (flora e fauna) e antrópico (emprego; saúde, paisagismo e gestão). Elaboraram-se matrizes para cada indicador, sendo estas ponderadas em relação à escala de ocorrência e fator de importância. Técnicos da área de colheita florestal realizaram o preenchimento das matrizes utilizando coeficientes de alteração previamente definidos. O coeficiente de impacto resultou do produto do coeficiente de alteração pelos fatores de ponderação, sendo avaliado numa escala de -15 a +15. O índice geral de impacto foi determinado para o mesmo padrão de escala. De acordo com a média das três avaliações, dois indicadores apresentaram coeficiente de impacto positivo (saúde e gestão); seis mostraram coeficiente negativo (atmosfera, solo, flora, fauna, emprego e paisagismo) e um manteve-se inalterado (água). O índice geral de impacto mostrou-se positivo (1,29), indicando, no contexto global, condições ambienteis favoráveis quando da adoção do subsistema inovado.