963 resultados para Funções (Matemática) - Estudo e ensino


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Esta dissertação é o resultado do meu verouvirsentir e busca evidenciar que, nas relações desenvolvidas no processo do ensino da matemática, as histórias em quadrinhos podem-se revelar um instrumento eficaz para a aplicação de uma metodologia alternativa dotada de uma potência extraordinária na interlocução entre a criança e o conteúdo matemático. Nesse contexto, um dos maiores argumentos que encontro, ao final desta jornada, é que fica a percepção de que o livro didático adotado (referência para o conteúdo teoricoprático), em quase sua totalidade, não favorece que os alunos estabeleçam uma relação com a matemática pautada na atenção, curiosidade, alegria e outros fatores/elementos que permitam o crescimento cognitivo desses alunos na referida disciplina. A pesquisa é realizadasentida em uma escola particular de ensino fundamental e médio situada em Realengo em três turmas de 6 ano. Esses alunos variam entre 10 e 13 anos de idade e aproximadamente 90% deles são oriundos de famílias de classe média. Para realizarsentir esta pesquisa, percebo que, fundamentalmente, faço uso de duas metodologias que se revelam a priori: pesquisa-ação e o mergulho (ALVES, 2008). Realizo alguns diálogos que se consolidam como aporte teórico e que norteiam toda a minha escrita. Esses diálogos podem ou não aparecer nas citações que faço. Os diálogos invisibilizados pela minha escrita de modo algum foram menos importantes e tampouco são considerados menos relevantes, na verdade, conduzem minha escrita, misturando-se em minhas próprias palavras a ponto de se tornarem indissociáveis. Nesses diálogos, encontro-me com Michel de Certeau, Paulo Sgarbi, Nilda Alves, Humberto Maturana, Inês Barbosa, Von Foerster, Michel Focault, Edgard Morin, Will Eisner, Ginsburg, entre outros. Como resultados, ficou evidenciado que, ao oferecer a possibilidade de reescrita da teoria matemática através das histórias em quadrinhos, os alunos (na sua maioria) desenvolveram uma capacidade maior de concentração, atenção aos detalhes da própria teoria e a diminuição significativa da resistência ao conteúdo matemático. Uma velhanova linguagem? Em um velhonovo meio? Seja qual for a conclusão, a aventura do desafio na busca da construção de uma nova relação entre a criança e a matemática, por si só, permite a exposição de tensões e oportuniza o crescimento de todos. Nessa jornada, de ação em ação, busco fazer algo significativo.

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A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de propor a reinclusão de elementos de Cálculo no ensino médio, pois no passado o Cálculo fazia parte do currículo e foi abolido após uma reforma no ensino da matemática. O trabalho apresenta os resultados de um levantamento estatístico sobre os índices de reprovação na disciplina Cálculo Diferencial e Integral I nos períodos mais recentes da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) e, também, uma pesquisa quantitativa com quarenta professores de matemática com o objetivo de analisar a viabilidade do projeto e os problemas a serem enfrentados. Por fim, a dissertação conta com uma série de atividades comentadas sobre o tema de limites, que é o foco do trabalho. Tais atividades podem ser incluídas já no 1 ano do ensino médio, paralelamente ao conteúdo de funções, e visam proporcionar aos estudantes o contato com elementos de Cálculo em uma linguagem acessível, e orientar o professor nesta tarefa

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Destacam-se, neste artigo, resultados parciais de um trabalho que se constitui em uma investigação sobre o significado da contextualização do âmbito da Matemática, do seu ensino e aprendizagem, considerando o currículo de Matemática no Ensino Médio, tendo como foco de análise a matriz de competências do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) e as provas de Matemática desse exame. A investigação está sendo desenvolvida em uma perspectiva qualitativa, estando focada, no momento, na realização de uma análise crítico reflexiva das questões de Matemática e suas Tecnologias das provas do ENEM de 2009 e 2010, com o objetivo de identificar as competências e habilidades requeridas na solução das questões, bem como os conteúdos e contextos a que se referem.

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Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino da Matemática 3.º Ciclo e Secundário, Universidade de Lisboa, 2010

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Tese de doutoramento em Ciências da Educação: especialidade de Teoria Curricular e Ensino das Ciências

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This work is located at the shield of research that defends the use of Mathematics History, based on the utilization of historical artifacts at teaching activities, at Mathematics classrooms, and at graduation courses for teachers of Elementary School and of the first grades of High School. The general objective is to examine the possibility of the use of historical artifacts, at teaching activities, at graduation courses for teachers of Elementary School and of the first grades of High School. Artifact, at this work, is comprehended as objects, documents, monuments, images and other kinds of materials that make sense to the Human actions at the past and that represent what have been said and done at the Human history. At the construction of the theoretical-methodological way of the research we have based ourselves upon the ideas of the authors that are engaged at the teachers formation; at researchers adherents to the use of Mathematics History (MH) as a methodological resource, and at studies accomplished that elucidate the role of the artifacts at the history and as a mediatory element of learning. We defend the thesis that the utilization of historical artifacts at teaching activities enables the increasing of the knowledge, the development of competencies and essential abilities to the teacher acting, as well as interact at different areas of the knowledge, that provides a conception of formation where the teacher improves his learning, learning-doing and learning-being. We have adopted a qualitative research approach with a theoretical and pratic study disposition about the elements that contribute to the teachers works at the classroom, emphasizing the role of the Mathematics history at the teacher s formation and as a pedagogical resource at the mathematics classroom; the knowledge, the competencies and abilities of the historical artifacts as an integrative link between the different areas of the knowledge. As result, we emphasize that the proposition of using the MH, through learning activities, at the course of teacher graduation is relevant, because it allows the investigation of ideas that originate the knowledge generated at every social context, considering the contribution of the social and cultural, political and economical aspects at this construction, making easy the dialog among the areas and inside of each one The historical artifact represents a research source that can be deciphered, comprehended, questioned, extracting from it information about knowledge of the past, trace and vestiges of the culture when it was created, consisting of a testimony of a period. These aspects grant to it consideration to be explored as a mediatory element of the learning. The artifacts incorporated at teaching activities of the graduation courses for teachers promote changes on the view about the Mathematics teaching, in view of to privilege the active participation of the student at the construction of his knowledge, at the reflection about the action that has been accomplished, promoting stimulus so the teachers can create their own artifacts, and offer, either, traces linking the Mathematics with others knowledge areas.

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In this study we analyzed the development of a teaching experience, involving students with a bachelor s degree in mathematics from UFRN, based on the history of mathematics and mathematical investigations with the aim of contributing to the improvement of the teaching-learning of mathematics. The historical investigation tasks were planned and applied in the classroom, focusing on functional thought. The results obtained during the experience were described and evaluated based on authors who support the assumption of investigation and history as an alternative to the learning of mathematics. We emphasize that the material of analysis consisted of a work diary, audio recordings, questionnaires with testimony of the students involved, and, in addition, the assessment of the teacher of that subject. With regard to the mathematical content, the study was restricted to the concept of function, forms of representation and notation. It was evident that students showed great improvement with regard to the necessary formalization of the mathematical contents which were focused on, and to the active involvement of the students at different stages of the study. We can affirm that the completed study certainly represents significant contributions to an approach in the teaching-learning of functional thought

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This study aimed to describe and analyze aspects of the historical course of teaching Mathematics by Radio Experiences in Rio Grande do Norte, between the decades from 1950 to 1970 in order to organize a documentary (CD-ROM) containing information about Mathematics studied by Radio who have experienced it. In this, we use qualitative research. We seek support in the theoretical framework of cultural history and memory researchers as Certeau (1998), Chartier (1990), Le Goff (2008), Thompson (2002) and Peter Burke (2004). Moreover, we take the elements of oral history. We focus on the teaching of literacy and the primary of the Radio schools in two rural communities - Logradouro and Catolé - who are currently part of the city of Lagoa Salgada (RN) and, with respect to the Junior High School, we stopped in the Course of Madureza at Radio. We used as written sources, especially the documents found in the General Archives of the Archdiocese of Natal (RN) and the employees assigned by the participants of the survey. Our sources come from the oral testimonies of pupils and monitors Lagoa Salgada City, teachers, broadcasters and technicians of Rural Support Service (SAR) Natal (RN). In this study, we identify the geometry Cubação social practices of Lagoa Salgada students. Also identified in the research material, the Global Method with the pedagogy of Paulo Freire, that guided the production of lessons in literacy and primary courses. Content in Mathematics, we find traces of the trend-Empirical activist. In the course of Madureza, there was a tendency formal technique Fiorentini (1995). Finally, as a result of this study, organize and present a documentary (CD-ROM), along with the analysis of this study, containing the history of Mathematics teaching by Radio, from the speech of those who experienced Radio, emphasizing the methodology teaching developed in class, that serves as a reference material for students, professors and researchers.

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This work has the main purpose of conducting a survey of educational products present in dissertations and doctoral theses focused on the use of history in mathematics teaching and Didactics of mathematics with a French foundation produced in graduate programs in the strict sense of the Brazil between 1990 and 2010, the areas of Education, Mathematics Education, school of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and related areas, according to the research proposal of Mendes (2010). Our interest was to select the products that present concrete proposals for educational activities that can be used in the classroom of Basic Education and Training of Teachers of Mathematics. The research was implemented through a bibliographic study documents the Bank of dissertations and theses from CAPES, libraries and archives of some Postgraduate programs in the country who focus their studies on the subject object of this research, besides the Brazilian Digital Library Theses and Dissertations (BDBTD). From this survey we selected works that present educational products materialized in blocks of activities based on the use of teaching history of mathematics to the classroom as well as the sequence of activities based on the Teaching of Mathematics. In possession of material, produce a CD-ROM containing the selected activities, in order to help support the work of teachers regarding the use of these activities, as a supplementary material to textbooks in their math classes

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De nombreuses études sur l`utilisation pédagogique de l`histoire des mathématiques viennent a identifier les arguments qui sous-tiennent ces actions éducatives comme une façon d`aborder les mathématiques scolaires afin de mener les élèves à un apprentissage réflexif et significatif des mathématiques. Cherchant a vérifier, de manière pratique, comment ces relations entre histoire des mathématiques et l`enseignement des mathématiques peuvent se matérialiser sous la forme d`activités didactiques, nous avons effectué un sondage sur les oeuvres du mathématicien Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736-1813) et identifié le potentiel d`exploration éducatif, de l`oeuvre Leçons élémentaires sur les mathématiques données a l`École Normale en 1795, de cet mathématicien. L`objectif principal de notre étude était de faire des recherches sur le potentiel d`une oeuvre antique dédié à l`enseignement des mathématiques et de la considérer comme support conceptuel et didactique pour la création d`un modèle d`activités didactiques pour l`enseignement des mathématiques, dans la formation des enseignants de mathématiques et aussi en ce qui concerne l`apprentissage des mathématiques des élèves de l`école primaire. Nous avons fait une lecture, la traduction et l`ajout de notes et commentaires sur le travail et une recherche bibliographique sur la relation entre l`histoire des mathématiques et l`enseignement des mathématiques, de façon a comprendre les aspects conceptuels et didactiques pour l`élaboration d`um module activités didactiques pour l`enseignement des mathématiques basée sur certains chapitres du livre de Lagrange. À cette fin, l`oeuvre a été utilisé comme source primaire et a été étudié sous un fondement théorique appuyer sur les travaux des Institut de recherche sur l`enseignement des mathématiques IREM. Dans le module élaboré, les activités apportent les contenus dans une suite integrée à une logique de classe, à partir de la lecture directe des découpages du texte original, disposés entre les questions et les situations-problémes , historiquement mis en contexte avec la période et associés à des contenus spécifiques. Comme il s`agit d`une recherche basée sur l`exploitation de livres anciens, nous croyons que des modules d`activités basées sur des source primaires peuvent être utilisées comme un matériel pédagogique pour la formation des enseignants de mathématiques ainsi que pour les dernières années de l`école élémentaire, reformulées ou accrues d`autres questions telles l`intérêt de chaque enseignant qui l`utilise

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

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Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

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Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE