Estudio preliminar de la utilización de la manteca de armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) en el tratamiento de la mastitis bovina en el municipio de Paiwas departamento de Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte (RAAN)

El presente estudio se realizo con el objetivo de utilización de la manteca de Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)en el tratamiento de la mastitis bovina en el Municipio de PAIWAS Departamento de Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte (RAAN).Se localiza entre las coordenadas 12° 47' de latitud norte y 85° 07', con una altura sobre el nivel del mar de 145.88 msnm. una temperaturas entre 24°C y 25°C. La precipitación anual oscila entre los 2,400 mm y los 3,000 mm con una buena distribución durante todo el año. Se utilizo un diseño completamente al azar (D.C.A) el que esta compuesto por un lote de 30 animales divididas en 3 grupos, cada grupo formado por 10 animales seleccionadas al azar y sometidas a tratamientos distintos Tratamiento I: Mastivet complex, Tratamiento II: Manteca de cusuco al 100%. Tratamiento III: Manteca de cusuco al 50%. Existe una prevalencia de la mastitis en el hato del 65% de esto el 39% de mastitis subclínica y el 22.4% de mastitis clíni ca, y 74 vacas resultaron negativas a la prueba representando el 35.2%. EL cuarto mas afectado fue el Anterior derecho (AD) del cual el 48.5 % reaccionaron positivos. Los tratamiento III y II a base de manteca de del armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) tuvieron mejores resultados clínico-terapéuticos en la curación de la mastitis bovina, donde a los 42 días se alcanzó la mayor efectividad; ya que el tratamiento I la efectividad fue del 60 % ,en el II del 70 % y en el III del 80%. Los tratamientos alternativos (III y II) a base de manteca de del armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)mostraron factibilidad económica y terapéuticas.

Evaluación de ochenta y nueve lineas de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) obtenidas a partir de ocho poblaciones recolectadas en Nicaragua

El presente trabajo se realizó en la época de primera (Junio-Agosto) de 1993 en la estación experimental La Compañía, en el departamento de Carazo, IV región, con el objetivo de evaluar 89 líneas de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), obtenidas a partir de 8 poblaciones recolectadas en Nicaragua, utilizando como testigo la variedad mejorada Revolución 84 (Rev-84). El diseño utilizado consistió en un látice rectángular 10 x 9 con 3 réplicas, los análisis realizado a los datos fueron ANDEVA, separación de medias de acuerdo a la prueba de rango múltiples (Duncan) y correlación. Todas las variables sometidas al ANDEVA presentaron diferencias altamente significativas. Se midieron 13 variables de crecimiento y desarrollo, así como 5 componentes de rendimiento y se evaluaron 2 enfermedades (bacteriosis común y virosis). En cuanto al promedio en rendimiento 44 líneas resultaron ser estadísticamente iguales al testigo y 13 líneas fueron superiores al mismo.

La crisis de 1930 y las políticas del New Deal : un examen desde la economía y las instituciones

Resumen: La presente investigación consiste en un análisis, desde la perspectiva de la economía y las instituciones, de las políticas del New Deal, implementado por Franklin D. Roosevelt en los Estados Unidos durante la crisis económica de los años 30. Para realizar dicho análisis se presentan los elementos principales de la crisis de 1930, luego se realiza un estudio de las políticas económicas aplicadas en el contexto de un marco de gran innovación institucional, y concluye evaluando las políticas expuestas, tanto desde el enfoque de sus resultados macroeconómicos como de su desempeño institucional. De esta manera el presente documento incluye un diagnóstico histórico del contexto norteamericano en aquel entonces y resalta los aspectos que motivaron a dicha administración a la aplicación de New Deal. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis del impacto macroeconómico de las políticas aplicadas. La conclusión sintetiza las principales enseñanzas de la experiencia desde la perspectiva de política económica y del diseño de la regulación, para concluir con algunas reflexiones acerca de su posible implementación en la actualidad.

Estudio preliminar de ensilaje de Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwán A-144 mas pulpa de jícaro (Crescentia alata HBK)

Se está desarrollando el cultivo de jícaro (Crescentia alata) y el procesamiento de sus frutos provee un subproducto: la Pulpa. Se vio necesario verificar el efecto que esta ejerce sobre el cambio químico y fermentativo en el proceso de ensilaje al mezclarla con forraje Taiwán. En la hacienda “las Mercedes” ubicada en el kilómetro once y medio de la carretera norte, Managua, se estableció un ensayo que duró 101 días, el que consistió en analizar el efecto de mezclar Taiwán con pulpa de jícaro a diferentes proporciones, sobre los cambios químicos y fermentativos que éste ejerce durante el proceso de ensilaje. Las porciones utilizadas fueron A-100% Taiwán, B 95% Taiwán más 5%, C-90% mas 10% pulpa y D 85% mas 15% pulpa. Se utilizaron solo de tipo trinchera a escala experimental con capacidad de 41.6 kg., los que fueron muestreados a los 30, 40, y 50 días para sus respectivos análisis bromatológicos. Los resultados reportaron que el valor nutritivo de los ensilajes fue superior al encontrado en el material antes de ensilar: El alto contenido de proteína bruta encontrada en la proporción D, no favoreció un mejor comportamiento de los A:G:V:, ya que esta condujo a un cambio del patrón fermentativo en relación con las demás proporciones, predominantes en esta la fermentación acética: este cambio se debió al efecto temporizaste que las proteínas ejercen sobre el ensilaje dificultando la estabilidad del mismo. La proporción que mostró mejor comportamiento en los parámetros fermentativos fue la B, la que también registro un contenido de proteínas bruta por encima del 10%. Se requiere continuar estudios con el fin de encontrar un valor proporcional óptimo de Taiwán, mas pulpa de jícaro en el rango comprendido entre 5 y 10%.

Nexos recíprocos entre desarrollo humano y crecimiento económico

En este artículo se presenta un análisis descriptivo, explicativo y reflexivo de la relación recíproca entre desarrollo humano y crecimiento económico. Por un lado el crecimiento económico promueve el desarrollo humano a medida que la base de recursos se amplía, en tanto que un mayor desarrollo humano genera más crecimiento económico en la medida que una población más sana y educada contribuye a mejorar el desempeño económico. El propósito de este estudio consiste en fundamentar teóricamente la relación de cadenas existentes entre desarrollo humano y crecimiento económico. La investigación, es documental, se centra en la revisión bibliográfica, y análisis teórico y conceptual de diferentes bibliografías relacionados al tema. Entre los principales resultados de la investigación figuran: el desarrollo humano es el objetivo central de la actividad humana y el crecimiento económico un medio que podría llegar a ser muy importante para promoverlo. La asignación de recursos al mejoramiento del desarrollo humano, es una función del gasto total del sector público; existen fuertes conexiones de dos vías entre el crecimiento económico (CE) y el desarrollo humano (DH) y finalmente los vínculos entre desarrollo humano y crecimiento económico pueden hacer que uno y otro se influencien recíprocamente.

Photographic analysis of natural and impounded salt marsh in the vicinity of Merritt Island, Florida

Qualitative analyses of available photographs and maps of Merritt Island, Florida provide a large-scale, historical perspective of ecological changes of the marshes in the vicinity. Sites that deserve closer scrutiny can be identified. Secondarily, such an analysis provides a geographical orientation essential for communication not only between newcomers and those familiar with the area, but also among those familiar with the area but who refer to sites by differing methods. Photographs and maps from various sources were examined. Below are listed what we consider to be the most useful subset of these for ecological and geographical assessment of salt marsh impoundments on Merritt Island, Florida. (Document has 25 pages.)

Categorized bibliography for a conceptual model of salt marsh management on Merritt Island, Florida

Enclosed is a bibliography of 556 published articles, technical reports, theses, dissertations, and books that form the basis for a conceptual model of salt marsh management on Merritt Island, Florida (Section 1). A copy of each item is available on file at the Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Gainesville. Some relevant proprietary items and unpublished drafts have not been included pending permission of the authors. We will continue to add pertinent references to our bibliography and files. Currently, some topics are represented by very few items. As our synthesis develops, we will be able to indicate a subset of papers most pertinent to an understanding of the ecology and management of Merritt Island salt marshes. (98 page document)

Conceptual model of salt marsh management on Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Florida: final report

Diking and holding water on salt marshes ("impounding" the marsh) is a management technique used on Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR) and elsewhere in the Southeast to: a) prevent the reproduction of saltmarsh mosquitos, and b) attract wintertering waterfowl and other marsh, shore, and wading birds. Because of concern that diking and holding water may interfere with the production of estuarine fish and shellfish, impoundment managers are being asked to consider altering management protocol to reduce or eliminate any such negative influence. How to change protocol and preserve effective mosquito control and wildlife management is a decision of great complexity because: a) the relationships between estuarine organisms and the fringing salt marshes at the land-water interface are complex, and b) impounded marshes are currently good habitat for a variety of species of fish and wildlife. Most data collection by scientists and managers in the area has not been focused on this particular problem. Furthermore, collection of needed data may not be possible before changes in protocol are demanded. Therefore, the purpose of this document is two-fold: 1) to suggest management alternatives, given existing information, and 2) to help identify research needs that have a high probability of leading to improved simultaneous management of mosquitos, waterfowl, other wildlife, freshwater fish, and estuarine fish and shellfish on the marshland of the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. (92 page document)

Issues and options related to management of Silver Springs rhesus macaques

Management options for the Silver Springs free-ranging rhesus macaque population range from removal to active maintenance of the population in situ. Selection of a management option is dependent upon which issues are perceived to be true problems. Management options are presented along with their effectiveness in dealing with issues previously described.(31 page document)

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 319]

Reunião da Mesa da Constituinte discute como será a votação do substitutivo da Sistematização no Plenário geral. Já existem propostas do Centrão e da Mesa. De acordo com o Senador Mauro Benevides (PMDB-CE), presidente em exercício da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC), a Mesa se encaminhará para a apresentação de outro substitutivo. Sessão solene conclui os trabalhos da Comissão de Sistematização dando por encerrada a votação do substitutivo, este encaminhado à Mesa da ANC. O Deputado Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM), faz considerações sobre os trabalhos da Comissão de Sistematização. O Senador Affonso Arinos (PFL-RJ) repete a frase de Benjamin Franklin: "Por haver vivido muito, fui levado a mudar de opinião várias vezes em assuntos importantes, assim aceito este projeto" e conclui declarando aceitar o projeto. O Deputado Amaury Muller (PDT-RS) afirma que embora os Constituintes façam um balanço positivo dos assuntos que foram tratados na Sistematização, reconhecendo seu trabalho, mantém-se a fé e a esperança de que os Constituintes no Plenário possam traduzir com fidelidade os compromissos que assumiram com a sociedade brasileira durante a campanha eleitoral. O Senador Mario Covas (PMDB-SP), a Deputada Sandra Martins Cavalcanti (PFL-RJ) e o Deputado Arnaldo Faria de Sá (PTB-SP) consideram que no Plenário alguns dos pontos do substitutivo serão reformados, enriquecendo o texto. O Deputado Carlos Sant'anna (PMDB-BA) ressalta a necessidade de alterações em questões formais como a língua, a estrutura e a harmonia do texto. O Deputado Luiz Inácio Lula Da Silva (PT-SP) espera que o projeto tenha melhorias no Plenário, pois a sociedade brasileira está na expectativa de que esta Constituição possa retratar sua luta nos últimos anos. O Senador Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PMDB-SP) crê que o resultado dos trabalhos será uma Constituição democrática e moderna.

M/V ELPIS Coral Reef Restoration Monitoring Report Monitoring Events 2004-2007 Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Monroe County, Florida

This document presents the results of the first three monitoring events to track the recovery of a repaired coral reef injured by the M/V Elpis vessel grounding incident of November 11, 1989. This grounding occurred within the boundaries of what at the time was designated the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary (NMS), now designated the Key Largo NMS Existing Management Area within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). Pursuant to the National Marine Sanctuaries Act (NMSA) 16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq., and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act (FKNMSPA) of 1990, NOAA is the federal trustee for the natural and cultural resources of the FKNMS. Under Section 312 of the NMSA, NOAA has the authority to recover monetary damages for injury, destruction, or loss of Sanctuary resources, and to use the recovered monies to restore injured or lost sanctuary resources within the FKNMS. The restoration monitoring program tracks patterns of biological recovery, determines the success of restoration measures, and assesses the resiliency to environmental and anthropogenic disturbances of the site over time. To evaluate restoration success, reference habitats adjacent to the restoration site are concurrently monitored to compare the condition of restored reef areas with natural coral reef areas unimpacted by the vessel grounding. Restoration of the site was completed September 1995, and thus far three monitoring events have occurred; one in the summer of 2004, one in the summer of 2005, and the latest in the summer of 2007. The monitoring in 2004 was in the nature of a “pilot project,” or proof of concept. Only the quantitative results of the 2005 and 2007 monitoring are presented and discussed. Monitoring has consisted of assessment of the structural stability of limestone boulders used in the restoration and comparison of the coral communities on the boulders and reference areas. Corals are divided into Gorgonians, Milleporans, and Scleractinians. Coral densities at the Restored and Reference areas for the 2005 and 2007 events are compared, and it is shown that the densities of all taxa in the Restored area are greater by 2007, though not significantly so. For the Scleractinians, number and percentage of colonies by species, as well as several common biodiversity indices are provided. The greater biodiversity of the Restored area is evidenced. Also, size-class frequency distributions for Agaricia spp. (Scleractinia) are presented. These demonstrate the approaching convergence of the Restored and Reference areas in this regard. An inter-annual comparison of densities, within both areas, for all three Orders, is presented. The most noteworthy finding was the relative consistency across time for all taxa in each area. Finally, certain anomalies regarding species settlement patterns are presented. (PDF contains 48 pages.)

M/V WELLWOOD Coral Reef Restoration Monitoring Report, Monitoring Events 2004-2006. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Monroe County, Florida

This document presents the results of the first two monitoring events to track the recovery of a repaired coral reef injured by the M/V Wellwood vessel grounding incident of August 4, 1984. This grounding occurred within the boundaries of what at the time was designated the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary (NMS), now designated the Key Largo NMS Existing Management Area within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). Pursuant to the National Marine Sanctuaries Act (NMSA) 16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq., and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act (FKNMSPA) of 1990, NOAA is the federal trustee for the natural and cultural resources of the FKNMS. Under Section 312 of the NMSA, NOAA has the authority to recover monetary damages for injury, destruction, or loss of Sanctuary resources, and to use the recovered monies to restore injured or lost sanctuary resources within the FKNMS. The restoration monitoring program tracks patterns of biological recovery, determines the success of restoration measures, and assesses the resiliency to environmental and anthropogenic disturbances of the site over time. To evaluate restoration success, reference habitats adjacent to the restoration site are concurrently monitored to compare the condition of restored reef areas with “natural” coral reef areas unimpacted by the vessel grounding or other injury. Restoration of the site was completed on July 22, 2002, and thus far two monitoring events have occurred; one in the Fall of 2004, and one in the Summer/Fall of 2006. The monitoring has consisted of: assessment of the structural stability of restoration modules and comparison of the coral recruitment conditions of the modules and reference sites. Corals are divided into Gorgonians, Milleporans, and Scleractinians and (except where noted) recruits are defined as follows: Gorgonians—maximum size (height) 150 mm at first monitoring event, 270 mm at second; Milleporans—maximum size (height) 65 mm at first event, 125 mm at second; Scleractinians—maximum size (greatest diameter) 50 mm at second event (only one species was size-classed at first event, at smaller size). Recruit densities at the restored and reference areas for each event are compared, as are size-class frequency distributions. For the Scleractinians, number and percentage of recruits by species, as well as several common biodiversity indices are provided. Finally, a qualitative comparison of recruit substrate settlement preference is indicated. Generally, results indicate that restored areas are converging on reference areas, based on almost all parameters examined, with one noted exception. Further monitoring is planned and the trends are anticipated to continue; close attention will be paid to the indicated anomaly. (PDF contains 63 pages.)

M/V CONNECTED Coral Reef Restoration Monitoring Report, Monitoring Events 2004-2005. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Monroe County, Florida

This document presents the results of the monitoring of a repaired coral reef injured by the M/V Connected vessel grounding incident of March 27, 2001. This grounding occurred in Florida state waters within the boundaries of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund of the State of Florida, (“State of Florida” or “state”) are the co-trustees for the natural resources within the FKNMS and, thus, are responsible for mediating the restoration of the damaged marine resources and monitoring the outcome of the restoration actions. The restoration monitoring program tracks patterns of biological recovery, determines the success of restoration measures, and assesses the resiliency to environmental and anthropogenic disturbances of the site over time. The monitoring program at the Connected site was to have included an assessment of the structural stability of installed restoration modules and biological condition of reattached corals performed on the following schedule: immediately (i.e., baseline), 1, 3, and 6 years after restoration and following a catastrophic event. Restoration of this site was completed on July 20, 2001. Due to unavoidable delays in the settlement of the case, the “baseline” monitoring event for this site occurred in July 2004. The catastrophic monitoring event occurred on August 31, 2004, some 2 ½ weeks after the passage of Hurricane Charley which passed nearby, almost directly over the Dry Tortugas. In September 2005, the year one monitoring event occurred shortly after the passage of Hurricane Katrina, some 70 km to the NW. This report presents the results of all three monitoring events. (PDF contains 37 pages.)

M/V JACQUELYN L Coral Reef Restoration Monitoring Report, Monitoring Events 2004-2005. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Monroe County, Florida

This document presents the results of the monitoring of a repaired coral reef injured by the M/V Jacquelyn L vessel grounding incident of July 7, 1991. This grounding occurred in Florida state waters within the boundaries of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund of the State of Florida, (“State of Florida” or “state”) are the co-trustees for the natural resources within the FKNMS and, thus, are responsible for mediating the restoration of the damaged marine resources and monitoring the outcome of the restoration actions. The restoration monitoring program tracks patterns of biological recovery, determines the success of restoration measures, and assesses the resiliency to environmental and anthropogenic disturbances of the site over time. The monitoring program at the Jacquelyn L site was to have included an assessment of the structural stability of installed restoration modules and biological condition of reattached corals performed on the following schedule: immediately (i.e., baseline), 1, 3, and 6 years after restoration and following a catastrophic event. Restoration of this site was completed on July 20, 2000. Due to unavoidable delays in the settlement of the case, the “baseline” monitoring event for this site occurred in July 2004. The catastrophic monitoring event occurred on August 31, 2004, some 2 ½ weeks after the passage of Hurricane Charley which passed nearby, almost directly over the Dry Tortugas. In September 2005, the year one monitoring event occurred shortly after the passage of Hurricane Katrina, some 70 km to the NW. This report presents the results of all three monitoring events. (PDF contains 31 pages.)