Diffusion mechanisms in the Fe3ASi

In this paper, the possible reasons for the high thermal vacancy concentration and the low migration barriers for the Fe atom diffusion in the DO3 structure Fe3Si have been discussed.

Molecular Dynamics Modeling of Diffusion Bonding

Molecular dynamics simulations on diffusion bonding of Cu-Ag showed that the thickness of the interfacial region depended on the stress. The interfacial region became amorphous during diffusion bonding, and it would normally transform from amorphous into crystalline structure when the structure was cooled to the room temperature.

Effect of diffusion on coating microstructure and oxidation resistance of aluminizing steel

The effect of diffuse treatment on coating microstructure and oxidation resistance at high-temperature of hot-dip aluminum were studied by means of TEM, SEM and XRD. The results show that, the diffusion temperature has significant effect on structure of coatings and its oxidation resistance. After diffusion at 750 degreesC, the coating consists of thick outer surface layer (Fe2Al5+ FeAl2), thin internal layer (FeAl + stripe FeAl2), and its oxidation resistance is poor. After diffusion at 950 degreesC, the outer surface layer is composed of single FeAl2 phase, the internal layer is composed of FeAl phase, and its oxidation resistance declines due to the occurrence of early stage internal oxidation cracks in the coating. After diffusion at 850 degreesC, the outer surface layer becomes thinner and consists of FeAl2 Fe2Al5(small amount), the internal layer becomes thicker and consists of FeAl+spherical FeAl2, and the spheroidized FeAl2 phase in the internal layer and its existing in FeAl phase steadily improve the oxidation resistance of the coating.

Forcing of self-excited round jet diffusion flames

In this experimental and numerical study, two types of round jet are examined under acoustic forcing. The first is a non-reacting low density jet (density ratio 0.14). The second is a buoyant jet diffusion flame at a Reynolds number of 1100 (density ratio of unburnt fluids 0.5). Both jets have regions of strong absolute instability at their base and this causes them to exhibit strong self-excited bulging oscillations at welldefined natural frequencies. This study particularly focuses on the heat release of the jet diffusion flame, which oscillates at the same natural frequency as the bulging mode, due to the absolutely unstable shear layer just outside the flame. The jets are forced at several amplitudes around their natural frequencies. In the non-reacting jet, the frequency of the bulging oscillation locks into the forcing frequency relatively easily. In the jet diffusion flame, however, very large forcing amplitudes are required to make the heat release lock into the forcing frequency. Even at these high forcing amplitudes, the natural mode takes over again from the forced mode in the downstream region of the flow, where the perturbation is beginning to saturate non-linearly and where the heat release is high. This raises the possibility that, in a flame with large regions of absolute instability, the strong natural mode could saturate before the forced mode, weakening the coupling between heat release and incident pressure perturbations, hence weakening the feedback loop that causes combustion instability. © 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Observation Of Diffusion Process Of A Water Droplet Immersed In Protein Solution In Microgravity

Pure liquid - liquid diffusion driven by concentration gradients is hard to study in a normal gravity environment since convection and sedimentation also contribute to the mass transfer process. We employ a Mach - Zehnder interferometer to monitor the mass transfer process of a water droplet in EAFP protein solution under microgravity condition provided by the Satellite Shi Jian No 8. A series of the evolution charts of mass distribution during the diffusion process of the liquid droplet are presented and the relevant diffusion coefficient is determined.

A Novel Counter Sheet-Flow Sandwich Cell Culture Device For Mammalian Cell Growth In Space

Cell culture and growth in space is crucial to understand the cellular responses under microgravity. The effects of microgravity were coupled with such environment restrictions as medium perfusion, in which the underlying mechanism has been poorly understood. In the present work, a customer-made counter sheet-flow sandwich cell culture device was developed upon a biomechanical concept from fish gill breathing. The sandwich culture unit consists of two side chambers where the medium flow is counter-directional, a central chamber where the cells are cultured, and two porous polycarbonate membranes between side and central chambers. Flow dynamics analysis revealed the symmetrical velocity profile and uniform low shear rate distribution of flowing medium inside the central culture chamber, which promotes sufficient mass transport and nutrient supply for mammalian cell growth. An on-orbit experiment performed on a recovery satellite was used to validate the availability of the device.

Efecto de counter diez g (Terbufos) y fertilizante (N-P) sobre los nemátodos asociados a café en vivero

El café (coffea arábiga L.) representa uno de los cultivos de mayor importancia en Nicaragua Este cultivo se ve afectado por nematodos fitoparasito de los géneros Meloidogyne Spp. Pratylenchus spp0, y Rotylenchulus spp. Se probó el efecto de combinaciones del nematicida counter 10 G y fertilizante N-P sobre los nematodos fitoparasito con un ensayo en el Centro Experimental del Café Mauricio López Munguía”, Masatepe entre los meses de abril y Octubre de 1986. El diseña utilizado fue en bifactorial en bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron al nematicida counter 10 G (terbufos) en dosis de 0; 017: 0.25 y 0, 32 gr de la planta; el fertilizante N-P de la fórmula 18-46 o en dosis de 0.5 y 10 gr/planta, aplicados sobre y en combinación lo que se Hizo un total de 12 tratamientos. la aplicación del nematicida se hizo una sola vez y el fertilizante en dos ocasiones d. A los 55 y 100 DDA se midió el numero de nematodos en el suelo (Meloidogyne spp., Rotylenchulus spp, y pratylenchus spp) nematodos en las raíces (Meloidogyne spp), altura de planta, Numero de hojas y peso de raíz. Los resultados de este ensayo demostraron qué el nematicida tuvo efecto sobre Rotylenchulus spp y Rotylenchulus spp. Pero no sobre Meloidogyne spp en el suelo y en la raíz: No se encontró ningún defecto del fertilizant4e sobre las poblaciones de nematodos. Las combinaciones de nematicida-fertilizante tuvieron un efecto de amplia variabilidad sobre las poblaciones de nematodos lo que dificulto la recomendación de una determinada combinación: La dosis de fertilizantes que resulto con los mejores promedios sobre las variables altura de la planta, Número de hojas y peso de raíz fue la de 5gr, /planta Se encontró una correlaciona negativa significativa entre el género Meloidogyne spp y la altura de la plata a los 55 DDA, no observándose estos mismos resultados a los 100 DDA: también se encontró una correlación positiva significativa entre el número de Meloidogyne spp, del suelo y de la raíz a los 55 y 100 DDA; entre pratylenchus y rotylenchulus a los 55 DDA y entere el número de Nódulos causados por Meloidogyne a los 55 DDA y el peso de la Raíz a los 100 DDA.

Atomistic investigation of the effects of temperature and surface roughness on diffusion bonding between Cu and Al

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to analyze the diffusion bonding at Cu/Al interfaces. The results indicate that the thickness of the interfacial layer is temperature-dependent, with higher temperatures yielding larger thicknesses. At temperatures below 750 K, the interface thickness is found to increase in a stepwise manner as a function of time. At temperatures above 750 K, the thickness increases rapidly and smoothly. When surface roughness is present, the bonding process consists of three stages. In the first stage, surfaces deform under stress, resulting in increased contact areas. The second stage involves significant plastic deformation at the interface as temperature increases, resulting in the disappearance of interstices and full contact of the surface pair. The last stage entails the diffusion of atoms under constant temperature. The bonded specimens show tensile strengths reaching 88% of the ideal Cu/Al contact strength. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diffusion dominated process for the crystal growth of a binary alloy

The pure diffusion process has been often used to study the crystal growth of a binary alloy in the microgravity environment. In the present paper, a geometric parameter, the ratio of the maximum deviation distance of curved solidification and melting interfaces from the plane to the radius of the crystal rod, was adopted as a small parameter, and the analytical solution was obtained based on the perturbation theory. The radial segregation of a diffusion dominated process was obtained for cases of arbitrary Peclet number in a region of finite extension with both a curved solidification interface and a curved melting interface. Two types of boundary conditions at the melting interface were analyzed. Some special cases such as infinite extension in the longitudinal direction and special range of Peclet number were reduced from the general solution and discussed in detail.

Numerical simulation of hypersonic viscous flow around space shuttle with method of diffusion analogy

Hypersonic viscous flow around a space shuttle with M(infinity) = 7, Re = 148000 and angle of attack alpha = 5-degrees is simulated numerically with the special Jacobian matrix splitting technique and simplified diffusion analogy method. With the simplified diffusion analogy method the efficiency of computation and resolution of the shock can be improved.