Avaliação da influência da fermentação fúngica em estado sólido na obtenção de compostos fenólicos a partir de resíduos de café

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Efeito do processo de descafeinação de café arábica em meio aquoso auxiliado por ultrassom sobre a composição química e o perfil sensorial

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da fermentação fúngica no teor de compostos fenólicos em casca de café robusta

Coffee husk is an abundant by-product generated by the coffee industry and it can be used for the production of-value-added phenolic compounds. Currently, this residue has no commercial use due to the presence of anti-nutritional compounds and it is returned to the soil or burned. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds in Robusta coffee husk, the adequacy of this residue as substrate for fermentation processes, as well as evaluating the influence of fungal solid state fermentation to obtain phenolic compounds from this residue. In the present study, the use of different solvents for the extraction of polyphenols was evaluated and the content was found to be in the range of 96.9-159.5 mg of galic acid (GA).g(-1) substrate, depending on the solvent used. The best solvent was acetone, therefore it was selected for extraction. Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of solid-state fermentation in the release of phenolic compounds, using the filamentous fungi Penicillium purpurogenum. The total phenolic content increased from 159.5 up to 243.2 mg GA.g(-1) substrate as a result the solid-state fermentation.

Large distribution and high sequence identity of a Copia-type retrotransposon in angiosperm families

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de café sombreado

As concern about the environment and demand for special coffees, this review aimed to gather information about the effects of shading on the coffee crop, whereas its origin in the African's understory. Among the effects discussed are the increase in organic matter and improving of the soil fauna, nutrient cycling, decrease of soil erosion, environmental contamination, greenhouse gases, biodiversity conservation, light availability, temperature and wind mitigation, incidence of pests, plant diseases and weeds, production of the shade species and, finally, how all of these factors together have an effect on the phenology, yield and quality of coffee.

Análise multivariada na diferenciaçãoentre manejos de solos cultivados com café

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Eficiência da cokrigagem na estimativa da produtividade do café conilon

The objective of this research was to estimate the productivity (PRODUT) in sc/ha of coffee conilon through the technique of cokriging, using as covariate the production of humid coffee (PROD) in kg and compare the results with estimates obtained by kriging ordinary. The study was conducted in a commercial area of conilon coffee, Coffea canephora Pierre var. conilon, located in São Mateus Municipality, Espirito Santo State. For the field work was sampled the humid coffee production in a sampling grid irregular of 18.5 ha, 87 sampling points in the total. We also determined the production of dry coffee beans and coffee benefited 12% moisture, to obtain the PRODUT variable. After exploratory data analysis, which showed the correlation between variables in the order of 0.899, was performed variogram analysis. Were adjusted theoretical variograms to PROD and PRODUT and cross variogram between two variables. Finally we estimated the value of productivity, both by ordinary kriging as per cokriging. The validation of the estimation by cokriging not shows, however, significant gains in relation to validation by ordinary kriging.

O uso do território por agentes torrefadores de cafés especiais do sul de Minas Gerais

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Influence of caffeine on the survival of leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa and in vitro growth of their mutualistic fungus

BACKGROUND: Leaf-cutting ants collect plant fresh material for the cultivation of their mutualistic fungus. Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) cause great economic losses through their foraging activity, mainly in agriculture. The main control method is the application of granulated toxic baits incorporated with an active ingredient (AI). The present goal is to evaluate the effect of caffeine on in vitro growth of the mutualistic fungus and on the survival of the leaf-cutting ants, aiming to verify the potential toxicity of this secondary metabolite over these organisms. RESULTS: Three distinct patterns of fungal growth correlated with caffeine concentration were observed: (1) no effect (0.01% caffeine); (2) intermediate growth reduction (0.05% caffeine); (3) drastic growth reduction (0.10 and 0.50% caffeine). The highest caffeine concentration causes fungus death in the first week. As for insect survival, caffeine does not seem to exert any effect. The treatments with diet containing caffeine showed similar values of M50, irrespective of caffeine concentration. CONCLUSION: As caffeine was shown to reduce growth of the mutualistic fungus of Atta sexdens rubropilosa, but with no conclusive effect on insect survival, a hypothetical explanation for the selection of different Coffea species by this leaf-cutting ant species might be associated with caffeine toxicity to the fungus. Copyright (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

The Pst system of Streptococcus mutans is important for phosphate transport and adhesion to abiotic surfaces

The Pst system is a high-affinity inorganic phosphate transporter found in many bacterial species. Streptococcus mutans, the etiological agent of tooth decay, carries a single copy of the pst operon composed of six cistrons (pstS, pstC1, pstC, pstB, smu.1134 and phoU). Here, we show that deletion of pstS, encoding the phosphate-binding protein, reduces phosphate uptake and impairs cell growth, which can be restored upon enrichment of the medium with high concentrations of inorganic phosphate. The relevance of Pst for growth was also demonstrated in the wild-type strain treated with an anti-PstS antibody. Nevertheless, a reduced ability to bind to saliva-coated surfaces was observed, along with the reduction of extracellular polysaccharide production, although no difference on pH acidification was observed between mutant and wild-type strains. Taken together, the present data indicate that the S.similar to mutans Pst system participates in phosphate uptake, cell growth and expression of virulence-associated traits.

Directions for advancing the study of work transitions in the 21st century

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to share the details, outcomes and deliverables from an international workshop on work transitions in London, Ontario, Canada. Participants: Researchers, graduate students, and community group members met to identity ways to advance the knowledge base of strategies to enhance work participation for those in the most disadvantaged groups within society. Methods: A participatory approach was used in this workshop with presentations by researchers and graduate students. This approach included dialogue and discussion with community members. In addition, small group dialogue and debate, world cafe discussions, written summaries of group discussion and reflection boards were used to bring new ideas to the discussion and to build upon what we know. Findings: Two research imperatives and six research recommendations were identified to advance global dialogue on work transitions and to advance the knowledge base. Occupational justice can be used to support future research directions in the study of work transitions. Conclusions: Moving forward requires a commitment of community of researchers, clinicians and stakeholders to address work disparities and implement solutions to promote participation in work.

Uma análise da gestão de risco de preço por parte dos produtores de café arábica no Brasil

Os mercados futuros possuem uso restrito entre os cafeicultores brasileiros, o que, de certa maneira, não condiz com as altas razões ótimas de hedge obtidas nos modelos de mínima variância. Os motivos para esta baixa utilização estão associados às características do produtor e de seu negócio, preferências em relação ao modelo de administração de risco da atividade e questões comportamentais. Diante disso, o presente estudo buscou verificar quais fatores interferem na decisão de uso destes derivativos entre os cafeicultores brasileiros. Em uma primeira etapa, foram calculadas razões ótimas de hedge, de acordo com Myers e Thompson (1989), para os mercados da BM&FBOVESPA e ICE Futures. Tais razões apresentaram valores superiores a 50%. Em uma segunda etapa, a partir da aplicação de 373 questionários, observou-se que 12,9% da amostra declara conhecer e utilizar futuros, sendo que, na média, a razão de hedge adotada esteve abaixo de 50%. Em uma terceira etapa, a partir de um modelo logit, concluiu-se que os fatores que influenciaram o uso dos contratos foram grau de aversão ao risco de preço, tamanho da produção, nível de conhecimento sobre derivativos e dimensão pela qual se entende que tais instrumentos levam à maior estabilidade da receita da atividade.

Determinación de contaminantes emergentes en aguas subterráneas del noreste de Gran Canaria

[ES]La presencia de fármacos en el medio natural constituye una creciente preocupación dados los efectos adversos que pueden presentar. Después de ser consumidos y excretados, llegan a las estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales, en las que pueden no ser eliminados completamente. La reutilización de aguas depuradas para riego puede ser una fuente de contaminación en el agua subterránea, por lo que se ha llevado a cabo un estudio en el acuífero subyacente a un campo de golf regado con aguas depuradas desde 1973 en el NE de Gran Canaria. Las muestras seleccionadas proceden de agua de riego, agua de lixiviado del suelo y aguas subterráneas. Los compuestos determinados fueron atenolol, metamizol, fluoxetina, cafeína, la paraxantina, nicotina y permetrina

THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A GASOLINE TURBOCHARGED DIRECT INJECTION (GTDI) ENGINE UTILIZING LEAN OPERATION AND EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR)

The push for improved fuel economy and reduced emissions has led to great achievements in engine performance and control. These achievements have increased the efficiency and power density of gasoline engines dramatically in the last two decades. With the added power density, thermal management of the engine has become increasingly important. Therefore it is critical to have accurate temperature and heat transfer models as well as data to validate them. With the recent adoption of the 2025 Corporate Average Fuel Economy(CAFE) standard, there has been a push to improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines even further. Lean and dilute combustion regimes along with waste heat recovery systems are being explored as options for improving efficiency. In order to understand how these technologies will impact engine performance and each other, this research sought to analyze the engine from both a 1st law energy balance perspective, as well as from a 2nd law exergy analysis. This research also provided insights into the effects of various parameters on in-cylinder temperatures and heat transfer as well as provides data for validation of other models. It was found that the engine load was the dominant factor for the energy distribution, with higher loads resulting in lower coolant heat transfer and higher brake work and exhaust energy. From an exergy perspective, the exhaust system provided the best waste heat recovery potential due to its significantly higher temperatures compared to the cooling circuit. EGR and lean combustion both resulted in lower combustion chamber and exhaust temperatures; however, in most cases the increased flow rates resulted in a net increase in the energy in the exhaust. The exhaust exergy, on the other hand, was either increased or decreased depending on the location in the exhaust system and the other operating conditions. The effects of dilution from lean operation and EGR were compared using a dilution ratio, and the results showed that lean operation resulted in a larger increase in efficiency than the same amount of dilution with EGR. Finally, a method for identifying fuel spray impingement from piston surface temperature measurements was found. Note: The material contained in this section is planned for submission as part of a journal article and/or conference paper in the future.

The Acropolitan - v. 1, no. 5

In this issue...Big Butte, M Days, Thornton Hotel, Butte, Montana, Hennessy's, Anaconda Copper Mining Geological Department, Gamer's Cafe