Percepció i coneixements dels estudiants d'infermeria sobre la violència en la parella

Les últimes dades de l'estudi europeu del 2014, sobre la violència de parella indiquen que gairebé 62 milions de dones europees, havien sofert actes de violència de gènere, entre els quals es destaca els relacionats amb la violència de parella (VP). Els maltractaments constitueixen un problema molt greu que genera al nostre país cada vegada més alarma social i més actuacions legals i professionals per fer-li front. El sistema de salut és, amb freqüència, el primer lloc al que les víctimes de violència domèstica acudeixen a la recerca d'assessorament i ajuda, sent aquest el motiu pel qual els professionals de la salut tenen un paper central per a la seva assistència. Aquests formen part implicada en el sistema de detecció, atenció i actuació. Per això, els plans d'estudi de Grau d'Infermeria recullen en el BOE la formació en VP des de l’àmbit universitari. L’objectiu del nostre estudi consisteix en la identificació de la percepció i dels coneixements en relació a la violència de parella dels estudiants del Grau d’Infermeria de la Universitat de Girona durant el curs acadèmic 2012-2013. Per a dur-lo a terme es va realitzar un anàlisi quantitatiu dels resultats a través de l’administració d’una enquesta sobre sis aspectes de la VP, l’enquesta incloïa el perfil demogràfic (sexe, edat i anys d'estudi) dels estudiants i les declaracions relatives a les seves percepcions i coneixements sobre la VP: causes d'abús; la identificació de les dones objecte de VP i del seus autors; creences de les infermeres; funcions perceptibles; i la preparació educativa. Els estudiants del Grau d’Infermeria mostren tenir un bon coneixement sobre les causes del abús en VP, així com una formació adequada. També cal destacar que un 54,42% dels alumnes enquestats es veuen capacitats per afrontar un cas de VP com a infermer/a. S’observa una millora de la formació educativa en el transcurs acadèmic. En 1r curs un 40,09% té una bona formació, aquest valor augmenta fins a un 56,58% a tercer curs, baixant lleugerament fins un 44,27% a 4rt curs. Els resultats obtinguts són semblats a estudis de mostres similars en estudiants d'infermeria de Memphis (EUA) i de la University of Southern Queensland (Austràlia) quant a coneixements i percepció sobre la VP. Encara que els resultats mostren un coneixement i una percepció sobre la VP adequada, destaquem que això no succeeix en gairebé un 40% dels enquestats. La introducció de matèries específiques sobre igualtat i sobre violència contra la dona en els plans d’estudis, pot esdevenir una mesura preventiva per revisar i corregir possibles mites i creences en VP. Per tant, és necessari millorar la formació del currículum en estudiants d'infermeria per la importància d'aquest greu problema de salut pública, donant major èmfasis en la satisfacció de les necessitats emocionals i en la comprensió dels diferents enfocaments en VP, especialment en mesures de prevenció i educació

Data Flows and Engaging Visualisations for Your Repositories

Poster at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

APIs and Datasets everywhere

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Comparación: injerto libre o cierre primario más lente de contacto, en resección de tumores de conjuntiva limbar

INTRODUCCION: Existe controversia en cuanto a la técnica quirúrgica para el manejo de tumores del limbo conjuntival. El uso de cierre primario con uso de lente de contacto puede ofrecer una mejor cicatrización y tener ventajas adicionales sobre la técnica tradicional con el uso de plastia. OBJETIVOS: Comparar los resultados en cuanto a grado de dolor, picadas, prurito, porcentaje de epitelización y cicatrización, comodidad del paciente, grado de quemosis y tiempo de retorno a actividades diarias en ambas técnicas quirúrgicas. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Experimento clínico controlado aleatorizado en dos grupos: Al primer grupo se le realizó cirugía de resección de la lesión más plastia. Al segundo grupo se le practicó la resección de la lesión cierre primario y lente de contacto. El seguimiento se realizó al primer y cuarto día, y cada semana durante el primer mes de postoperatorio. Se utilizó el SPSS 20.0 ® para análisis estadístico de datos y se utilizó estadística no paramétrica. RESULTADOS: Se conto con 10 pacientes por grupo. El dolor y porcentaje de cicatrización al primer día postoperatorio fueron mayores en el grupo usando lente de contacto (p=0.048). Al cuarto día postquirúrgico se encontró un mayor porcentaje de cicatrización en el grupo usando lente de contacto. (p=0.075). CONCLUSIONES: El cierre por afrontamiento con uso de lente de contacto mostró dolor y picadas mayores al primer y cuarto día postoperatorio. Pero la epitelización y cicatrización fueron tempranas con un retorno corto a actividades cotidianas.

Geochemical changes recorded in Lynch's Crater, Northeastern Australia, over the past 50 ka

There are many geochemical reconstructions of environmental change in the mid and high latitudes but relatively few in the tropical latitudes, despite their considerable potential for reconstructing environmental processes that cannot be identified using more traditional proxies. Here we present one reconstruction of environmental change for the tropics. This reconstruction covers the past 50 ka using a suite of geochemical data from the high-resolution sequence of Lynch's Crater in northeast Queensland, Australia, a region highly sensitive to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity. The 23 major oxides and trace elements measured could be summarised by extracting three axes using principal components analysis (accounting for 72% of the variability). The data indicate that the greatest variability in the geochemical data accounted for erosional activity within the catchment that was associated with past changes in the frequency of ENSO activity (though this was less sensitive during wetter periods, probably as a result of buffering by high vegetation cover). The remaining variability was largely explained by elements that form complexes with organic compounds (e.g., humic acids) and those that are important nutrients for specific vegetation types (and therefore a measure of vegetation distribution). For more detailed reconstructions, further work is required to disentangle the complex controls of elements within sedimentary sequences.

Moisture can be the dominant environmental parameter governing cadaver decomposition in soil

Forensic taphonomy involves the use of decomposition to estimate postmortem interval (PMI) or locate clandestine graves. Yet, cadaver decomposition remains poorly understood, particularly following burial in soil. Presently, we do not know how most edaphic and environmental parameters, including soil moisture, influence the breakdown of cadavers following burial and alter the processes that are used to estimate PMI and locate clandestine graves. To address this, we buried juvenile rat (Rattus rattus) cadavers (∼18 g wet weight) in three contrasting soils from tropical savanna ecosystems located in Pallarenda (sand), Wambiana (medium clay), or Yabulu (loamy sand), Queensland, Australia. These soils were sieved (2 mm), weighed (500 g dry weight), calibrated to a matric potential of -0.01 megapascals (MPa), -0.05 MPa, or -0.3 MPa (wettest to driest) and incubated at 22 °C. Measurements of cadaver decomposition included cadaver mass loss, carbon dioxide-carbon (CO2-C) evolution, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), protease activity, phosphodiesterase activity, ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen (NRN) and soil pH. Cadaver burial resulted in a significant increase in CO2-C evolution, MBC, enzyme activities, NRN and soil pH. Cadaver decomposition in loamy sand and sandy soil was greater at lower matric potentials (wetter soil). However, optimal matric potential for cadaver decomposition in medium clay was exceeded, which resulted in a slower rate of cadaver decomposition in the wettest soil. Slower cadaver decomposition was also observed at high matric potential (-0.3 MPa). Furthermore, wet sandy soil was associated with greater cadaver decomposition than wet fine-textured soil. We conclude that gravesoil moisture content can modify the relationship between temperature and cadaver decomposition and that soil microorganisms can play a significant role in cadaver breakdown. We also conclude that soil NRN is a more reliable indicator of gravesoil than soil pH.

Temperature affects microbial decomposition of cadavers (Rattus rattus) in contrasting soils

The ecology of soils associated with dead mammals (i.e. cadavers) is poorly understood. Although temperature and soil type are well known to influence the decomposition of other organic resource patches, the effect of these variables on the degradation of cadavers in soil has received little experimental investigation. To address this, cadavers of juvenile rats (Rattus rattus) were buried in one of three contrasting soils (Sodosol, Rudosol, and Vertosol) from tropical savanna ecosystems in Queensland, Australia and incubated at 29 °C, 22 °C, or 15 °C in a laboratory setting. Cadavers and soils were destructively sampled at intervals of 7 days over an incubation period of 28 days. Measurements of decomposition included cadaver mass loss, carbon dioxide–carbon (CO2–C) evolution, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), protease activity, phosphodiesterase activity, and soil pH, which were all significantly positively affected by cadaver burial. A temperature effect was observed where peaks or differences in decomposition that at occurred at higher temperature would occur at later sample periods at lower temperature. Soil type also had an important effect on some measured parameters. These findings have important implications for a largely unexplored area of soil ecology and nutrient cycling, which are significant for forensic science, cemetery planning and livestock carcass disposal.

Autoclaving kills soil microbes yet soil enzymes remain active

Biocidal treatment of soil is used to remove or inhibit soil microbial activity, and thus provides insight into the relationship between soil biology and soil processes. Chemical (soil pH, phosphodiesterase, protease) and biological (substrate induced respiration) characteristics of three contrasting soils from tropical savanna ecosystems in north Queensland, Australia were measured in field fresh samples and following autoclaving (121 °C/103 kPa for 30 min on two consecutive days). Autoclaving treatment killed the active soil microbial biomass and significantly decreased protease activity (∼90%) in all three soils. Phosphodiesterase activity in kaolinitic soils also significantly decreased by 78% and 92%. However, autoclave treatment of smectitic soil only decreased phosphodiesterase activity by 4% only. This study demonstrates phosphodiesterase can remain stable in extreme conditions. This might be a characteristic vital to the cycling of phosphorus in shrink–swell clays in Australian tropical savanna ecosystems.

OzFACE: the Australian savanna free air CO2 enrichment facility and its relevance to carbon-cycling issues in a tropical savanna

A free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility has recently been constructed in a tropical savanna in north-eastern Queensland, Australia. The system has a novel and cost-effective design and uses an industrial source of pure CO2 piped directly to the site. We describe the design details of this facility and assess the likely contribution it will make towards advancing our understanding of the direct impacts of rising atmospheric CO2 on savannas. These include addressing uncertainties about future shifts in the tree–grass balance and associated changes in carbon stocks, responses of C4 grasses in dry tropical environments, potential sequestration of soil carbon, and the modifications of CO2 responses by moisture and nutrient interactions. Tropical regions have been poorly represented in climate change research, and the work at the OzFACE facility will complement existing and ongoing FACE studies at temperate latitudes.

Phylogeny of Celastraceae Subfamily Salacioideae and Tribe Lophopetaleae Inferred from Morphological Characters and Nuclear and Plastid Genes

The phylogeny of Celastraceae subfamily Salacioideae (ca. 255 species in the Old and New World tropics) and tribe Lophopetaleae (ca. 29 species in southern Asia and the Austral-Pacific) was inferred using morphological characters together with plastid (matK, trnL-F) and nuclear (ITS and 26S rDNA) genes. Brassiantha, a monotypic genus endemic to New Guinea, is inferred to be more closely related to the clade of Dicarpellum (New Caledonia) and Hypsophila (Queensland, Australia) than it is to Hippocrateoideae or Salacioideae. This unambiguously supported resolution indicates that a nectary disk positioned outside the stamens has been convergently derived in these two lineages. The clade of Kokoona and Lophopetalum is resolved as more closely related to Breria and Elaeodendron than it is to Hippocrateoideae or Salacioideae. Sarawakodendron, a monotypic genus endemic to Borneo, is resolved as sister to Salacioideae. Salacioideae are inferred to have an Old World origin that was followed by a single successful radiation within Central and South America. We infer that capsular fruits are primitive within the clade of Hippocrateoideae + Sarawakodendron + Salacioideae, with berries a synapomorphy for Salacioideae. Based on the resolution of Sarawakodendron as sister to Salacioideae, we hypothesize that the filaments of Sarawakodendron arils are homologous to the spiral filaments in the mucilagenous pulp of Salacioideae.

New Stylosanthes guianensis for tropical grasslands

Hybrid stylos (Stylosanthes guianensis var. vulgaris x var. pauciflora) with durable, quantitative resistance to anthracnose, mid-season harvest maturity date (early-July), high DM and seed yields have been selected at the Embrapa Beef Cattle Research Center, Campo Grande, Brazil. The hybrids displayed improved forage traits in Brazil, the native habitat and major center of diversity of the species and its pathogen, as well as in vastly different ecosystems. Dry forage yields and anthracnose resistance of superior selections and their composites were equal, in some instances, significantly better, than those of cv. Mineir (a) over tildeo in multilocational trials situated in the Cerrados from lat. 6degrees S to lat. 20degrees S. Selected hybrids performed well in comparison with the highly successful CIAT 184 (cv.Reyan II) on Hainan Island, China. Composites have also shown good promise in seed multiplication plots in Queensland, Australia. A positive attribute of composite hybrids is their great genetic diversity in contrast to pure-line cultivars with a relatively narrow genetic base. These truly tropical forms of stylo are best adapted to regions with >1500mm average annual rainfall.

Procedência da cocaína e maconha definida por isótopos estáveis

Objectives: the aim of this work was to define the range of possible values for each isotope of carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 for cocaine and marijuana seized in Botucatu-SP, with the intention of distinguishing the geographical origin of the drug. Materials and Methods: samples of marijuana and cocaine were collected at the time of incineration. Then, at the Stable Isotope Center from São Paulo State University in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, samples of marijuana were subjected to the drying process and subsequent grinding. Samples of cocaine were not submitted to the processes of drying and grinding because they were already in adequate granulometry. Subsequently, the samples of both drugs were weighed in accordance with the standards for carbon-13 and nitrogen-15. Lastly, CO2 and N2 gases were obtained from the samples through the elemental analyzer. They were then analyzed in a mass spectrometer to obtain values of δ13C and δ15N in ‰. Results and Discussion: the results of marijuana allowed for comparison with regions of Queensland, Australia, according to the range of δ13C between -29.9 ‰ and -29.3 ‰ and δ15N range from 4.1 ‰ to 5.8 ‰. The results were also consistent with those of the state of Pará, Brazil, where the values of δ13C and δ15N were -30.3 ± 0.7 ‰ and 5.0 ± 1.3 ‰, respectively. Also the results were in accordance with those from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in which δ13C values varied by -28.7 ± 1.3 ‰, and δ15N values varied by 6.6 ± 1.1 ‰, respectively. In both regions, the samples identified as being from Pará and Mato Grosso do Sul showed an overlap. In addition, the results fitted with data from the state of Maranhão, in which the values of δ13C and δ15 N were -28.8 ± 1.6 ‰ and 2.9 ± 2.5 ‰, respectively. In the case of cocaine, the present study could not be related to the results from the literature. One possible explanation may be related to the non-purification of ...