A bright z=5.2 lensed submillimeter galaxy in the field of Abell 773 HLSJ091828.6+514223

During our Herschel Lensing Survey (HLS) of massive galaxy clusters, we have discovered an exceptionally bright source behind the z = 0.22 cluster Abell 773, which appears to be a strongly lensed submillimeter galaxy (SMG) at z = 5.2429. This source is unusual compared to most other lensed sources discovered by Herschel so far, because of its higher submm flux (∼200 mJy at 500 μm) and its high redshift. The dominant lens is a foreground z = 0.63 galaxy, not the cluster itself. The source has a far-infrared (FIR) luminosity of L_FIR = 1.1 × 10^14/μ L_⨀, where μ is the magnification factor, likely ∼11. We report here the redshift identification through CO lines with the IRAM-30 m, and the analysis of the gas excitation, based on CO(7–6), CO(6–5), CO(5–4) detected at IRAM and the CO(2–1) at the EVLA. All lines decompose into a wide and strong red component, and a narrower and weaker blue component, 540 km s^−1 apart. Assuming the ultraluminous galaxy (ULIRG) CO-to-H_2 conversion ratio, the H_2 mass is 5.8×10^11/μ M_⨀, of which one third is in a cool component. From the CI(^3P_2−^3 P_1) line we derive a C_I/H_2 number abundance of 6 × 10^−5 similar to that in other ULIRGs. The H_2O_p(2, 0, 2−1, 1, 1) line is strong only in the red velocity component, with an intensity ratio I(H_2O)/I(CO) ∼ 0.5, suggesting a strong local FIR radiation field, possibly from an active nucleus (AGN) component. We detect the [NII]205 μm line for the first time at high-z. It shows comparable blue and red components, with a strikingly broad blue one, suggesting strong ionized gas flows.

Nutritional status of lactating mothers and their children 6-23 months of age in pre- and post-harvest seasons in two agro-ecological zones of rural Ethiopia

The objective of this study was to assess seasonal variation in nutritional status and feeding practices among lactating mothers and their children 6-23 months of age in two different agro-ecological zones of rural Ethiopia (lowland zone and midland zone). Food availability and access are strongly affected by seasonality in Ethiopia. However, there are few published data on the effects of seasonal food fluctuations on nutritional status and dietary diversity patterns of mothers and children in rural Ethiopia. A longitudinal study was conducted among 216 mothers in two agro-ecological zones of rural Ethiopia during pre and post-harvest seasons. Data were collected on many parameters including anthropometry, blood levels of haemoglobin and ferritin and zinc, urinary iodine levels, questionnaire data regarding demographic and household parameters and health issues, and infant and young child feeding practices, 24 h food recall to determine dietary diversity scores, and household use of iodized salt. Chi-square and multivariable regression models were used to identify independent predictors of nutritional status. A wide variety of results were generated including the following highlights. It was found that 95.4% of children were breastfed, of whom 59.7% were initially breastfed within one hour of birth, 22.2% received pre-lacteal feeds, and 50.9% of children received complementary feedings by 6 months of age. Iron deficiency was found in 44.4% of children and 19.8% of mothers. Low Zinc status was found in 72.2% of children and 67.3% of mothers. Of the study subjects, 52.5% of the children and 19.1% of the mothers were anaemic, and 29.6% of children and 10.5% of mothers had iron deficiency anaemia. Among the mothers with low serum iron status, 81.2% and 56.2% of their children had low serum zinc and iron, respectively. Similarly, among the low serum zinc status mothers, 75.2% and 45.3% of their children had low serum in zinc and iron, respectively. There was a strong correlation between the micronutrient status of the mothers and the children for ferritin, zinc and haemoglobin (P <0.001). There was also statistically significant difference between agro-ecological zones for micronutrient deficiencies among the mothers (p<0.001) but not for their children. The majority (97.6%) of mothers in the lowland zone were deficient in at least one micronutrient biomarker (zinc or ferritin or haemoglobin). Deficiencies in one, two, or all three biomarkers of micronutrient status were observed in 48.1%, 16.7% and 9.9% of mothers and 35.8%, 29.0%, and 23.5%, of children, respectively. Additionally, about 42.6% of mothers had low levels of urinary iodine and 35.2% of lactating mothers had goitre. Total goitre prevalence rates and urinary iodine levels of lactating mothers were not significantly different across agro-ecological zones. Adequately iodised salt was available in 36.6% of households. The prevalence of anaemia increased from post-harvest (21.8%) to pre-harvest seasons (40.9%) among lactating mothers. Increases were from 8.6% to 34.4% in midland and from 34.2% to 46.3% in lowland agro-ecological zones. Fifteen percent of mothers were anaemic during both seasons. Predictors of anaemia were high parity of mother and low dietary diversity. The proportion of stunted and underweight children increased from 39.8% and 27% in post-harvest season to 46.0% and 31.8% in pre-harvest season, respectively. However, wasting in children decreased from 11.6% to 8.5%. Major variations in stunting and underweight were noted in midland compared to lowland agroecological zones. Anthropometric measurements in mothers indicated high levels of undernutrition. The prevalence of undernutrition in mothers (BMI <18.5kg/m2) increased from 41.7 to 54.7% between post- and pre-harvest seasons. The seasonal effect was generally higher in the midland community for all forms of malnutrition. Parity, number of children under five years and regional variation were predictors of low BMI among lactating mothers. There were differences in minimum meal frequency, minimum acceptable diet and dietary diversity in children in pre-harvest and post-harvest seasons and these parameters were poor in both seasons. Dietary diversity among mothers was higher in lowland zone but was poor in both zones across the seasons. In conclusion, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are very prevalent among lactating mothers and their children 6-23 months old in the study areas. There are significant seasonal variations in malnutrition and dietary diversity, in addition to significant differences between lowland and midland agro-ecological zones. These findings suggest a need to design effective preventive public health nutrition programs to address both the mothers’ and children’s needs particularly in the preharvest season.

La lectura como actividad de ocio en escolares asturianos de 6º de primaria

Este trabajo analiza los resultados de una investigación sobre hábitos lectores del alumnado asturiano de 6º de Educación Primaria en su tiempo libre. El estudio utiliza una muestra de 324 escolares de centros públicos urbanos, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 12 años, para analizar datos relativos a la actitud hacia la lectura, la importancia de ésta entre las actividades de ocio y la frecuencia lectora.Más de la mitad de los escolares manifiesta una actitud bastante favorable hacia la lectura, y ésta es una de sus actividades de ocio habituales, aunque dedican más tiempo a ver televisión, practicar deportes, usar el ordenador y escuchar música. La mayoría son lectores frecuentes, aunque los no lectores y lectores ocasionales ascienden hasta un 12,96%. Los escolares encuestados leen principalmente libros, seguidos de revistas y cómics, mientras que poco más de un tercio dice leer periódicos frecuentemente.Esta investigación revela también algunas variaciones en actitud hacia la lectura y frecuencia lectora según el centro educativo de procedencia que se pueden relacionar con variables de tipo socio-económico. Además, se observan diferencias entre niños y niñas, pues éstas superan a sus compañeros varones en interés y frecuencia lectora, además de manifestar también divergencias en las preferencias de materiales de lectura.

"Sub Tiberio quies"? Judaea’s Political Situation under the Prefects (6-41 c.e.), between Reality and Ideology

Deeply conflicting views on the political situation of Judaea under the Roman prefects (6-41 c.e.) have been offered. According to some scholars, this was a period of persistent political unrest and agitation, whilst according to a widespread view it was a quiescent period of political calm (reflected in Tacitus’ phrase sub Tiberio quies). The present article critically examines again the main available sources –particularly Josephus, the canonical Gospels and Tacitus– in order to offer a more reliable historical reconstruction. The conclusions drawn by this survey calls into question some widespread and insufficiently nuanced views on the period. This, in turn, allows a reflection on the non-epistemic factors which might contribute to explain the origin of such views.

Erection induced by Tx2-6 toxin of Phoneutria nigriventer spider: expression profile of genes in the nitric oxide pathway of penile tissue of mice

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Imagens das línguas de alunos do 6º ano : um estudo em Aveiro

O presente estudo é o resultado de um projeto investigativo que, embora se relacione com a Sensibilização à Diversidade Linguística, tem como tema principal as Imagens das Línguas. Este estudo, cujo título é “Imagens das línguas de alunos do 6.º ano: um estudo em Aveiro”, tem como objetivos perceber quais as imagens das línguas dos alunos do 6.º ano, verificar qual a língua em que estes alunos se matriculam no ano seguinte e se essa escolha foi baseada em imagens estereotipadas das línguas (e em quais) e averiguar se a imagem que os alunos do 6.º ano têm sobre línguas influencia a sua escolha para aprendizagem posterior. Os dados foram recolhidos através de instrumentos distintos (o desenho e o inquérito por questionário). Primeiramente, os discentes elaboraram quatro desenhos seguindo as instruções “desenha-te a falar a tua língua materna”, “desenha-te a falar uma língua que já aprendeste”, “desenha-te a falar uma língua que gostavas de aprender” e “desenha-te a falar uma língua que não gostavas de aprender”. Seguindo-se o preenchimento do inquérito por questionário, composto por cinco questões, relacionadas com as quatro línguas em estudo (português, francês, espanhol e inglês) e que faziam parte da recolha de dados através do desenho. Relativamente ao tratamento de dados optamos pela utilização de categorias de análise (línguas como objetos afetivos, objetos de ensino-aprendizagem, instrumentos de construção e afirmação de identidades individuais e coletivas, objetos de poder e como instrumentos de construção de relações interpessoais e intergrupais), que permitiram perceber quais as imagens das línguas dos alunos inquiridos. Os resultados permitiram-nos perceber que as imagens que os alunos do 6.º ano têm das línguas portuguesa, francesa, espanhola e inglesa são, de alguma forma, estereotipadas. A maioria dos alunos tem uma imagem das línguas como instrumentos de construção e afirmação de identidades individuais e coletivas, isto é, imagens associadas à relação língua/história de um povo/cultura. Contudo, concluímos que esta imagem cultural das línguas também está associada a uma imagem afetiva, salientando a relação aluno/língua/cultura. Partindo das nossas conclusões, poder-se-ão, no futuro desenvolver sessões de Sensibilização à Diversidade Linguística, com o objetivo de (re)construir as Imagens das Línguas que os alunos têm.

5.-6.-luokkalaisten oppilaiden tavoiteorientaatioiden ilmeneminen käsitöissä- Hydrokopterikilpailu osana oppimistehtävää

Tutkimuksemme tehtävänä on selvittää, miten oppimisessa yleisimmin ilmenevät tavoiteorientaatiot eli oppimis-, suoritus ja välttämisorientaatio näyttäytyvät tutkimusjoukossa, kun kilpailu on osana käsityön oppimistehtävää. Lisäksi halusimme tarkastella kunkin orientaatioryhmän vahvimmin profiloituvia oppilaita ja heidän orientaatiotaan esiin tuovia sekä tukevia ilmaisuja. Tavoiteorientaatiot kehittyvät sisäisen ja ulkoisen motivaation kautta. Motivaation muodon sekä kolmen tavoiteorientaation ja niiden ilmenemisen välinen yhteys on kuvattu viitekehyskuvion keskellä, jota ympäröi tutkimuskontekstinamme ollut kilpailu osana käsityön oppimistehtävää. Tutkimuksemme koskee yhtä perusopetuksen luokkaa, joten tutkimus on otteeltaan kvalitatiivinen tapaustutkimus. Haastattelimme tutkimustamme varten yhdeksäätoista (19) 5.- 6.-luokan oppilasta, jotka toteuttivat hydrokopteriprosessin suunnittelusta valmistukseen käsityön oppimistehtävänä, jonka osana oli kilpailu. Oppilailla oli mahdollisuus päästä kisaamaan valmistamillaan hydrokoptereilla koulujen välisiin loppukilpailuihin. Loppukilpailuihin päässeet hydrokopterit valikoituivat karsintakilpailun avulla. Aineisto kerättiin suorilla haastatteluilla, jotka nauhoitettiin, litteroitiin ja analysoitiin teorialähtöisen sisällönanalyysin avulla. Tutkimuksen perusteella oppimisorientaatio ilmenee sitoutumisena tehtävään sekä innokkuutena hydrokopteriprosessia kohtaan, suoritusorientaatio näyttäytyy neutraalina suhtautumisena prosessiin ja työskentelyn intensiteetti säilyi muuttumattomana prosessin ajan, välttämisorientaatio esiintyy välinpitämättömänä suhtautumisena tehtävää kohtaan eikä toiminnalle asetettu suuria tavoitteita. Alkuperäisilmauksista 26% lukeutuu oppimisorientaation pääluokkaan, 54% suoritusorientaation pääluokkaan ja 20% välttämisorientaation pääluokkaan. Tulokset kuvaavat oppilailla esiintyvien tavoiteorientaatioiden ilmenemistä tapauksessa, jossa kilpailu on osana käsityön oppimistehtävää, eli ne eivät ole yleistettävissä kuvaamaan oppilaiden yleistä tavoiteorientaatiojakaumaa. Oppilaiden keskimääräisen tavoiteorientaatiojakauman selvittäminen olisi mielenkiintoinen jatkotutkimusaihe. Silloin tutkimusta tulisi toteuttaa laaja-alaisesti ja pidemmällä aikajänteellä.

Prevalencia de ferropenia y factores de riesgo asociados en niños de 6 a 24 meses de edad en el Hospital de Girón-Azuay 2007

Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que se incluyeron 160 niños de 6 a 24 meses de edad, seleccionados aleatoriamente, en el período comprendido de abril a septiembre del 2007. Se efectuaron determinaciones de ferritina sérica mediante el método de quimioluminiscencia y Hb mediante la técnica de la cianometahemoglobina. Además a través de una encuesta se recogió la información referente a los factores de riesgo estudiados. Resultados: los principales resultados obtenidos fueron: prevalencia de ferropenia 49%, prevalencia de anemia por déficit de hierro 52.6%. Los factores de riesgo asociados a ferropenia que mostraron significancia estadística en nuestro estudio son ingesta de leche de vaca >750 ml/día RP 1.54 (IC 1.10-2.15 p=0.04) y consumo inadecuado de vegetales verdes RP 1.42 (IC 1.01-2.01 p=0.03).Conclusiones: 1. La tasa de prevalencia de ferropenia encontrada en los lactantes estudiados fue de 49%. 2. La prevalencia de anemia con ferropenia fue de 52,6%, confirmándose que la principal causa de anemia en este grupo etáreo es la carencia de hierro como se afirma a nivel mundial. 3. La determinación de ferritina sérica es una prueba útil para detectar ferropenia en etapa temprana antes del desarrollo de anemia. 4. Los factores de riesgo que mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa con ferropenia fueron: la ingestión de leche de vaca mayor a 750 ml /día y una dieta insuficiente en vegetales verdes

Iron Transformation Pathways and Redox Micro-Environments in Seafloor Sulfide-Mineral Deposits: Spatially Resolved Fe XAS and delta Fe-57/54 Observations

Hydrothermal sulfide chimneys located along the global system of oceanic spreading centers are habitats for microbial life during active venting. Hydrothermally extinct, or inactive, sulfide deposits also host microbial communities at globally distributed sites. The main goal of this study is to describe Fe transformation pathways, through precipitation and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, and examine transformation products for signatures of biological activity using Fe mineralogy and stable isotope approaches. The study includes active and inactive sulfides from the East Pacific Rise 9 degrees 50'N vent field. First, the mineralogy of Fe(III)-bearing precipitates is investigated using microprobe X-ray absorption spectroscopy (RXAS) and X-ray diffraction (mu XRD). Second, laser-ablation (LA) and micro-drilling (MD) are used to obtain spatially-resolved Fe stable isotope analysis by multicollector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Eight Fe -bearing minerals representing three mineralogical classes are present in the samples: oxyhydroxides, secondary phyllosilicates, and sulfides. For Fe oxyhydroxides within chimney walls and layers of Si-rich material, enrichments in both heavy and light Fe isotopes relative to pyrite are observed, yielding a range of delta Fe-57 values up to 6 parts per thousand. Overall, several pathways for Fe transformation are observed. Pathway 1 is characterized by precipitation of primary sulfide minerals from Fe(II)aq-rich fluids in zones of mixing between vent fluids and seawater. Pathway 2 is also consistent with zones of mixing but involves precipitation of sulfide minerals from Fe(II)aq generated by Fe(III) reduction. Pathway 3 is direct oxidation of Fe(II) aq from hydrothermal fluids to form Fe(III) precipitates. Finally, Pathway 4 involves oxidative alteration of pre-existing sulfide minerals to form Fe(III). The Fe mineralogy and isotope data do not support or refute a unique biological role in sulfide alteration. The findings reveal a dynamic range of Fe transformation pathways consistent with a continuum of micro-environments having variable redox conditions. These micro-environments likely support redox cycling of Fe and S and are consistent with culture-dependent and -independent assessments of microbial physiology and genetic diversity of hydrothermal sulfide deposits.

Stapedotomy and its effect on hearing – our experience with 54 cases.

Introduction: This study reviews the cases of stapedotomy and evaluates its effectiveness at improving hearing loss in patients with otosclerosis. Materials and methods: Retrospective review of patients’ records who had clinical and audiometric diagnosis of otosclerosis from January to December 2012. Results: A total of 54 stapedotomy surgeries (52 unilateral and 1 bilateral surgeries) were received. Average post-operative ABG for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 KHz showed that 61.1% had complete closure of ABG (ABG < 10 dB) compared with 1.6% preoperatively and 85.2% had closure of ABG to within 20dB compared with 4.7% preoperatively (t – 13.89, p = 0.000). More than 94% had hearing improvement and 81.5% had ABG closure greater than 10 dB postoperatively (mean gain 23.38 ± 12.37, t = 13.89, p = 0.000). A total of 13% complications were recorded with TM perforation (5.6%) being the commonest complication. Conclusion: Stapedotomy is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of otosclerosis which leads to improvement in patients’ quality of life. A favorable hearing outcome can be obtained by the combination of experienced hands with minimal surgical trauma and appropriate surgical technique.

Avaliar a prevalência da doença periodontal em gestantes e quantificar os valores de TNF-ALFA, IL-6 E, glicose salivar e capilar

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

A new low temperature synthesis route of fraipontite (Zn,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4

A low temperature synthesis method based on the decomposition of urea at 90°C in water has been developed to synthesise fraipontite. This material is characterised by a basal reflection 001 at 7.44 Å. The trioctahedral nature of the fraipontite is shown by the presence of a 06l band around 1.54 Å, while a minor band around 1.51 Å indicates some cation ordering between Zn and Al resulting in Al-rich areas with a more dioctahedral nature. TEM and IR indicate that no separate kaolinite phase is present. An increase in the Al content however, did result in the formation of some SiO2 in the form of quartz. Minor impurities of carbonate salts were observed during the synthesis caused by to the formation of CO32- during the decomposition of urea.

Synthesis and characterization of K2Ca5(SO4)6· H2O, the equivalent of görgeyite, a rare evaporite mineral

Görgeyite, K2Ca5(SO4)6··H2O, is a very rare monoclinic double salt found in evaporites related to the slightly more common mineral syngenite. At 1 atmosphere with increasing external temperature from 25 to 150 °C, the following succession of minerals was formed: first gypsum and K2O, followed at 100 °C by görgeyite. Changes in concentration at 150 °C due to evaporation resulted in the formation of syngenite and finally arcanite. Under hydrothermal conditions, the succession is syngenite at 50 °C, followed by görgyeite at 100 and 150 °C. Increasing the synthesis time at 100 °C and 1 atmosphere showed that initially gypsum was formed, later being replaced by görgeyite. Finally görgeyite was replaced by syngenite, indicating that görgeyite is a metastable phase under these conditions. Under hydrothermal conditions, syngenite plus a small amount of gypsum was formed, after two days being replaced by görgeyite. No further changes were observed with increasing time. Pure görgeyite showed elongated crystals approximately 500 to 1000 µ m in length. The infrared and Raman spectra are mainly showing the vibrational modes of the sulfate groups and the crystal water (structural water). Water is characterized by OH-stretching modes at 3526 and 3577 cm–1 , OH-bending modes at 1615 and 1647 cm–1 , and an OH-libration mode at 876 cm–1 . The sulfate 1 mode is weak in the infrared but showed strong bands at 1005 and 1013 cm–1 in the Raman spectrum. The 2 mode also showed strong bands in the Raman spectrum at 433, 440, 457, and 480 cm–1 . The 3 mode is characterized by a complex set of bands in both infrared and Raman spectra around 1150 cm–1 , whereas 4 is found at 650 cm–1.