Desenvolvimento de tecnologias sociais na área da saúde da mulher : intervenções em nível comunitário com gestantes

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia Clínica e Cultura, 2016.

Pneumonia and influenza: specific considerations in care homes

This review provides an update on current evidence surrounding epidemiology, treatment and prevention of lower respiratory tract infection, with special reference to pneumonia and influenza, in care home residents. The care home sector is growing and provides a unique ecological niche for infections, housing frail older people with multiple comorbidities and frequent contact with healthcare services. There are therefore considerations in the epidemiology and management of these conditions which are specific to care homes. Opportunities for prevention, in the form of vaccination strategies and improving oral hygiene, may reduce the burden of these diseases in the future. Work is needed to research these infections specifically in the care home setting and this article highlights current gaps in our knowledge.

Relatório de estágio de intervenção comunitária

O Mestrado em Enfermagem, com Especialização em Enfermagem Comunitária, visa a aquisição e desenvolvimento de competências para o exercício autónomo, auto refletido e com poder de avaliação critica sobre os cuidados prestados e a sua qualidade no que diz respeito aos vários níveis de prevenção do cliente comunidade. O presente relatório, realizado no âmbito da unidade curricular de Estágio, pretende descrever, analisar e refletir sobre o percurso da construção de competências específicas para a intervenção especializada em Enfermagem Comunitária e de Saúde Pública. Ele propõe-se sintetizar as etapas de crescimento pessoal e profissional que permitem uma melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados prestados, um maior desenvolvimento profissional e a melhoria da satisfação dos grupos e comunidades onde decorreram as intervenções. Nele se demonstram as competências desenvolvidas e que convergem nos objetivos académicos definidos por este Mestrado, bem como no perfil de competências preconizado pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros para o desempenho autónomo de cuidados especializados de Enfermagem a grupos e comunidades. O módulo de estágio consistiu no desenvolvimento de um Projeto de Intervenção Comunitária, baseado na metodologia do Planeamento em Saúde, com o objetivo geral de Promover a capacitação e o empoderamento dos adolescentes da E.S.S.L. no âmbito de uma sexualidade saudável e responsável. Na intervenção em enfermagem avançada na comunidade e dando resposta aos problemas/necessidades identificados, foram realizadas sessões de Educação para a Saúde como estratégia de promoção e proteção da saúde e de prevenção da doença, com a finalidade de se atingir o grau de excelência na qualidade de vida e obter ganhos em saúde. A Educação para a Saúde numa ação essencialmente voltada para a Promoção da Saúde desempenha um papel fundamental na capacitação dos indivíduos para a aquisição de hábitos de vida saudáveis e consequentemente na obtenção de ganhos em saúde. A possibilidade de ocorrerem transformações sobre as condições de vida e de saúde nas comunidades depende do acesso a determinadas formas de conhecimento, e a Educação para a Saúde tem um papel significativo face à melhoria das condições de vida e de saúde das populações. Após a intervenção, e ainda que não seja possível avaliar o impacto deste projeto, podemos constatar que as metas estabelecidas foram todas superadas e até ultrapassadas, assim como os objetivos que tinham sido delineados. Observa-se um grau de satisfação em geral com as sessões de Educação para a Saúde desenvolvidas de 98,1%. Esperamos que com a nossa intervenção, as competências pessoais e sociais adquiridas possam ser desenvolvidas e utilizadas para melhorar a vivência da Sexualidade na Adolescência. No entanto, temos consciência de que a intervenção na área da promoção e prevenção, deve ser um trabalho contínuo e dinâmico para se conseguir ganhos em saúde, com resultados a médio/longo prazo

Tools For Spatiotemporally Specific Proteomic Analysis In Multicellular Organisms

The emergence of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has revolutionized the study of proteins and their abundances, functions, interactions, and modifications. However, in a multicellular organism, it is difficult to monitor dynamic changes in protein synthesis in a specific cell type within its native environment. In this thesis, we describe methods that enable the metabolic labeling, purification, and analysis of proteins in specific cell types and during defined periods in live animals. We first engineered a eukaryotic phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) to selectively recognize the unnatural L-phenylalanine analog p-azido-L-phenylalanine (Azf). Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we expressed the engineered PheRS in a cell type of choice (i.e. body wall muscles, intestinal epithelial cells, neurons, pharyngeal muscles), permitting proteins in those cells -- and only those cells -- to be labeled with azides. Labeled proteins are therefore subject to "click" conjugation to cyclooctyne-functionalized affnity probes, separation from the rest of the protein pool and identification by mass spectrometry. By coupling our methodology with heavy isotopic labeling, we successfully identified proteins -- including proteins with previously unknown expression patterns -- expressed in targeted subsets of cells. While cell types like body wall or pharyngeal muscles can be targeted with a single promoter, many cells cannot; spatiotemporal selectivity typically results from the combinatorial action of multiple regulators. To enhance spatiotemporal selectivity, we next developed a two-component system to drive overlapping -- but not identical -- patterns of expression of engineered PheRS, restricting labeling to cells that express both elements. Specifically, we developed a split-intein-based split-PheRS system for highly efficient PheRS-reconstitution through protein splicing. Together, these tools represent a powerful approach for unbiased discovery of proteins uniquely expressed in a subset of cells at specific developmental stages.

La musculature hyperbolique de la figure héroïque du film d'action américain des années 80

Le corps demeure un sujet d'études en vogue de nos jours. Une multitude d'articles et d'ouvrages abordent la représentation du corps au cinéma. Notre étude se concentre précisément sur le corps du héros du film d'action américain pendant la période classique des années 80. Il sera ainsi question de la musculature hyperbolique d’Arnold Schwarzenegger et de Sylvester Stallone. L'hypothèse de notre recherche est que la mise en scène du physique de l’acteur dans le film d’action demeure représentative de la conception héroïque de son époque. Premièrement, nous explorons la construction héroïque spécifique au film d'action classique. Nous posons que cette figure de héros américain évoque une glorification de la corporalité qui renvoie à la conception mythologique du héros occidental, celle-ci relative à notre imaginaire collectif. Une attention particulière sur la performance de Stallone dans son rôle de John Rambo servira pour appuyer notre réflexion. Deuxièmement, une analyse de la représentation du corps de Schwarzenegger dans ses premiers rôles nous permettra de vérifier à quel point le physique de cet acteur correspond à un nouveau paradigme, un nouveau modèle corporel pour incarner une figure héroïque au cinéma. Troisièmement, nous considérons le contexte socio-politique américain pendant les années 80 afin de constater l'influence de la société dans la construction d'une figure héroïque au cinéma. Une étude de la figure héroïque « reaganienne » sera développée en fonction de la comparaison de ces deux stars. Nous pourrons appréhender comment la représentation du corps dans le film d'action américain peut contribuer à la construction sociale du corps dans notre société occidentale contemporaine.

La musculature hyperbolique de la figure héroïque du film d'action américain des années 80

Le corps demeure un sujet d'études en vogue de nos jours. Une multitude d'articles et d'ouvrages abordent la représentation du corps au cinéma. Notre étude se concentre précisément sur le corps du héros du film d'action américain pendant la période classique des années 80. Il sera ainsi question de la musculature hyperbolique d’Arnold Schwarzenegger et de Sylvester Stallone. L'hypothèse de notre recherche est que la mise en scène du physique de l’acteur dans le film d’action demeure représentative de la conception héroïque de son époque. Premièrement, nous explorons la construction héroïque spécifique au film d'action classique. Nous posons que cette figure de héros américain évoque une glorification de la corporalité qui renvoie à la conception mythologique du héros occidental, celle-ci relative à notre imaginaire collectif. Une attention particulière sur la performance de Stallone dans son rôle de John Rambo servira pour appuyer notre réflexion. Deuxièmement, une analyse de la représentation du corps de Schwarzenegger dans ses premiers rôles nous permettra de vérifier à quel point le physique de cet acteur correspond à un nouveau paradigme, un nouveau modèle corporel pour incarner une figure héroïque au cinéma. Troisièmement, nous considérons le contexte socio-politique américain pendant les années 80 afin de constater l'influence de la société dans la construction d'une figure héroïque au cinéma. Une étude de la figure héroïque « reaganienne » sera développée en fonction de la comparaison de ces deux stars. Nous pourrons appréhender comment la représentation du corps dans le film d'action américain peut contribuer à la construction sociale du corps dans notre société occidentale contemporaine.

Role of the Tryptophan Residues in the Specific interaction of the Sea Anemone Stichodacty la helianthus’s Actinoporin Sticholysin II with Biological Membranes

Actinoporins are pore-forming toxins from sea anemones. Upon interaction with sphingomyelin-containing bilayers, they become integral oligomeric membrane structures that form a pore. Sticholysin II from Stichodactyla helianthus contains five tryptophans located at strategic positions; its role has now been studied using different mutants. Results show that W43 and W115 play a eterminant role in maintaining the high thermostability of the protein, while W146 provides specific interactions for protomer−protomer assembly. W110 and W114 sustain the hydrophobic effect, which is one of the major driving forces for membrane binding in the presence of Chol. However, in its absence, additional interactions with sphingomyelin are required. These conclusions were confirmed with two sphingomyelin analogues, one of which had impaired hydrogen bonding properties. The results obtained support actinoporins’ Trp residues playing a major role in membrane recognition and binding, but their residues have an only minor influence on the diffusion and oligomerization steps needed to assemble a functional pore.

Aplicação do modelo de Pólya na resolução de problemas de processo : um estudo envolvendo alunos do 2.º ano do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico.

Promoting reflective assessing practices through narratives: An action research project in early childhood

This project aims at describing the use of Action Research in the development of more structured assessment practices in Early Childhood Portuguese contexts. The teacher had always observed young learners’ activities and progress, and registered them in the form of “critical incidents”. This reflective process structured through this type of narratives helps “tune” the Class Curriculum firstly designed without much knowledge about the kids and so, difficultly responding to their specific needs and interests. The results achieved suggest kids become better prepared to face further education and life. Being early childhood assessment felt by most Portuguese kindergarten teachers as an innovative procedure, the project was seen as the launching of roots for “new” practices.

The Expanded Human Kallikrein (KLK) gene family : genomic organisation, tissue specific expression and potential functions

The tissue kallikreins are serine proteases encoded by highly conserved multigene families. The rodent kallikrein (KLK) families are particularly large, consisting of 13 26 genes clustered in one chromosomal locus. It has been recently recognised that the human KLK gene family is of a similar size (15 genes) with the identification of another 12 related genes (KLK4-KLK15) within and adjacent to the original human KLK locus (KLK1-3) on chromosome 19q13.4. The structural organisation and size of these new genes is similar to that of other KLK genes except for additional exons encoding 5 or 3 untranslated regions. Moreover, many of these genes have multiple mRNA transcripts, a trait not observed with rodent genes. Unlike all other kallikreins, the KLK4-KLK15 encoded proteases are less related (25–44%) and do not contain a conventional kallikrein loop. Clusters of genes exhibit high prostatic (KLK2-4, KLK15) or pancreatic (KLK6-13) expression, suggesting evolutionary conservation of elements conferring tissue specificity. These genes are also expressed, to varying degrees, in a wider range of tissues suggesting a functional involvement of these newer human kallikrein proteases in a diverse range of physiological processes.