Home range and habitat use by Kemp's Ridley turtles in West-Central Florida

The Kemp's ridley turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) is an endangered species whose recovery depends in part on the identification and protection of required habitats. We used radio and sonic telemetry on subadult Kemp's ridley turtles to investigate home-range size and habitat use in the coastal waters of west-central Florida from 1994 to 1996. We tracked 9 turtles during May-August up to 70 days after release and fou.ld they occupied 5-30 km2 foraging ranges. Compositional analyses indicated that turtles used rock outcroppings in their foraging ranges at a significantly higher proportion than expected. based on availability within the study area. Additionally. turtles used live bottom (e.g .• sessile invertebrates) and green macroalgae habitats significantly more than seagrass habitat. Similar studies are needed through'mt the Kemp's ridley turtles' range to investigate regional and stage-specific differences in habitat use. which can then be used to conserve important foraging areas.

Trajetórias de jovens de origem popular rumo à carreira acadêmica: mobilidade social, identidade e conflitos

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória escolar de jovens de origem popular e oriundos de um bairro de periferia da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que ingressaram em cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu de importantes universidades públicas. Tais trajetórias serão aqui analisadas a partir das narrativas dos próprios atores sociais em questão, buscando evidenciar as marcas de sua socialização e formação escolar em um contexto social que, do ponto de vista de algumas análises no campo da sociologia da educação, não favoreceriam a aquisição do capital cultural e social necessários ao ingresso na carreira acadêmica. Desta perspectiva, além de não serem muito comuns nos meios populares, essas trajetórias também não seriam reconhecidas pelo grupo de origem que, na maioria das vezes, identifica a formação escolar como porta de entrada no mundo do trabalho, tendo no curso superior o ponto máximo de uma formação escolar bem sucedida. Busca-se aqui, a partir da análise do conjunto dessas trajetórias, apreender os elementos e experiências sociais que possibilitaram esse prolongamento na formação escolar, e, sobretudo, o impacto e o significado da inserção na carreira acadêmica, tanto do ponto de vista da mobilidade social quanto dos conflitos decorrentes dessa experiência subjetiva, quer em relação às expectativas familiares ou do grupo social de origem. O trabalho de campo de caráter etnográfico, baseado na observação participante e realização de entrevistas aprofundadas constituíram as ferramentas metodológicas básicas a partir das quais essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida. Com relação à discussão teórica aqui proposta tomou-se como referência os trabalhos de Pierre Bourdieu, Jean-Claude Passeron, Bernard Lahire, Jailson de Souza e Silva e Maria da Graça Jacintho Setton, entre outros

The effect of nozzle design on laser micro-machining of M2 tool steels

This paper shows how computational techniques have been used to develop axi-symmetric, straight, sonic-line, minimum length micro nozzles that are suitable for laser micro-machining applications. Gas jets are used during laser micro-machining processing applications to shield the interaction zone between laser and workpiece material, and they determine the machining efficiency of such applications. The paper discusses the nature of laser-material interactions and the importance of using computational fluid dynamics to model pressure distributions in short nozzles that are used to deliver gas to the laser-material interaction zone. Experimental results are presented that highlight unique problems associated with laser micro machining using gas jets.

Integração de dados geofísicos de poços e geoquímicos na avaliação do potencial gerador dos folhelhos betuminosos da Formação Tremembé, Bacia de Taubaté

Nos depósitos cenozóicos da Bacia de Taubaté são encontrados depósitos de folhelhos betuminosos (oleígenos) pertencentes à Formação Tremembé, de idade oligocênica, que durante alguns anos na década de 50 foram investigados com relação ao seu aproveitamento econômico através da extração industrial do óleo nele contido. Entretanto, em face de aspectos tecnológicos e conjunturais da época, esse aproveitamento industrial foi considerado inviável do ponto de vista econômico. Nesta dissertação é proposta uma aplicação da perfilagem geofísica para a caracterização da faciologia dos folhelhos betuminosos da Formação Tremembé, tendo como objetivo principal a identificação das eletrofácies nos perfis elétricos, através de uma metodologia robusta e consistente. A identificação de eletrofácies é importante para ajudar na determinação da caracterização de uma reserva não convencional e na análise da viabilidade econômica. Neste estudo foram utilizados os perfis convencionais de poço: Raio gama, resitividade, potencial espontâneo e sônico. Os dados de perfis de poços foram integrados com os testemunhos e dados geoquímicos, mais precisamente os dados de COT, S, IH, S2 para uma caracterização realística das eletrofácies. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de três sondagens rotativas realizadas na Bacia de Taubaté, resultantes de testemunhagem contínua e perfilagem a cabo ao longo do intervalo de folhelhos da Formação Tremembé. A partir disto, obtém-se como resposta um modelo específico para cada litologia, onde cada pico corresponde a uma eletrofácies, permitindo o estabelecimento de alguns padrões ou assinaturas geofísicas para as principais fácies ocorrentes. Como resultado deste trabalho, foi possível correlacionar as eletrofácies entre os poços numa seção modelo, a partir de similaridade lateral das eletrofácies entre os marcos estratigráficos representado, foi possível observar a continuidade de duas sequências de folhelhos betuminoso com alto teores de COT, S, IH, S2, considerados os mais importantes do ponto de vista econômico e gerado um modelo faciológico 2D e 3D dessas camadas. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho são bastante promissores, apontando para a possibilidade de aplicação desta técnica a outros poços da Bacia de Taubaté, fornecendo subsídios relevantes à determinação da evolução sedimentar.

Lune, Wyre & Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee 9th December, 1974

This is the report from the Lune, Wyre and Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 9th December 1974. The report looks at information on the Water Bailiffs establishment, including the organisation and the duties of both the Fisheries Inspector and the Senior Bailiff. It also covers the comments from the Regional Fisheries Officer on the report on 'Coarse Fisheries', and the report by the Unit Fisheries Officer on fisheries activities. This looks at coarse fish salvage and stocking, fisheries management, biological work carried out, which include initial studies of the utilisation of sonic tagging methods in the monitoring of salmon in estuaries, fish mortalities, and the fish monitoring figures for areas on the Rivers Lune and Leven. The last section looks at bank erosion on the River Lune. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Lune, Wyre & Furness Fisheries Advisory Committee 5th July, 1976.

This is the report from the Lune, Wyre and Furness Cumberland Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 5th July, 1976. The report contains sections on fisheries activities, Water Conditions Harmful to Fish Life, and fisheries improvement work on the River Leven. The section on fisheries activities includes fish counters; fish Trough Counters; Middleton hatchery; fish mortalities; and the Sonic Tagging Research Programme. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Estudo de pressão de poros a partir de dados de poços no Terciário da Bacia de Campos

O trabalho aqui apresentado teve como objetivo, avaliar o método de Eaton (1975) aplicado ao cálculo de pressão de poros das formações rochosas em subsuperfície, utilizando dados de perfis de poços no que diz respeito a porosidade, tais como, o Tempo de Transito da onda compressional, Resistividade, Densidade e Neutrão. Posteriormente foi avaliado o resultado alcançado por esta técnica e confrontado com o dado obtido pelo registro de pressão real da formação, adquirido pela ferramenta de perfilagem MDT. Distribuídos em 6 poços perfurados na porção sul da Bacia de Campos, o intervalo cronoestratigráfico estudado está compreendido no período geológico Terciário, e os registros de pressão real da formação foram adquiridos nos reservatórios turbidíticos da Formação Carapebus (Eoceno). Apesar de existir um mecanismo causador de anomalia de pressão na bacia (Desequilíbrio de Compactação Difícil migração dos fluidos ao longo do tempo geológico) devido ao forte aporte sedimentar sustentado pelo soerguimento da Serra do Mar no Eoceno, os resultados encontrados não apontaram qualquer tipo de alteração nas respostas dos perfis utilizados, onde a referência foi a assinatura do perfil sônico em um trend normal de compactação compreendido por rochas argilosas dentro do intervalo cronoestratigráfico estudado. O presente trabalho atesta que a boa calibração do trend de ompactação normal em rochas argilosas, juntamente com a similaridade entre o resultado obtido pelo cálculo da pressão de poros a partir do perfil sônico, e os valores reais registrados diretamente na formação, pela ferramenta de registro de pressões (MDT), comprovam a aplicabilidade do método de Eaton (1975) para o cálculo de geopressões a partir de um conjunto básico de perfis de poços tais como: Raios Gama, Resistividade, Velocidade Acústica, Densidade e Neutrão

Mutation analysis of a large Chinese pedigree with congenital preaxial polydactyly

Mutations in the long-range limb-specific cis-regulator (ZRS) could cause ectopic shh gene expression and are responsible for preaxial polydactyly (PPD). In this study, we analyzed a large Chinese isolated autosomal dominant PPD pedigree. By fine mapping

东亚人群 LMBR1 基因 Intron 5的遗传多样性研究

人LMBR1(Limb region 1 homolog (mouse)) 基因位于染色体7q36区域，全长约210.2 kb，含17个外显子，编码一个由490个氨基酸构成的跨膜蛋白。研究表明，LMBR1 基因的表达活性与脊椎动物四肢的手指或脚趾数目变化有关；另外，发生在其重要元件——intron 5 内的许多变异与多种表型的轴前多指症((PPD, Preaxial polydactyly)存在相关性，这主要是因为LMBR1 intron 5 内含有一个与骨骼系统发育有关的基因（SHH(Sonic hedgehog)基因）的远程顺式调控元件。本研究旨在探究LMBR1基因 intron 5 内的遗传多样性，进而评估HapMap计划的样本选择策略，并检测该区域是否受自然选择的作用。 国际人类基因组单体型图计划(HapMap Project，The International Haplotype Map Project) 于2002年10月正式启动，该计划旨在构建人类基因组中常见变异的遗传图式。自其数据发布以来，广泛应用于生物医学、群体遗传学等领域，在复杂疾病的遗传机理研究、自然选择的检测等方面做出了前所未有的贡献；但是HapMap计划中样本的代表性有待评估。 本研究中，我们综合考虑地理来源信息及线粒体单倍型类群 (Haplogroup)信息选择了41个东亚人作为样本（以保证样本的代表性），测定位于LMBR1 基因intron 5 内的目的片段中存在的单核苷酸多态性(SNP, Singe nucleotide polymorphism)位点，通过所得数据与HapMap数据的比较，发现二者之间差异显著且HapMap数据不能覆盖所有我们得到的常见变异，因而我们认为：HapMap计划中国部分的样本选择策略有待进一步完善。 关于自然选择的研究不仅可以使我们了解生物的进化机制，同时还对复杂疾病的遗传机理研究具有重要的提示作用，因而，对于自然选择的检测，一直以来都是生物学研究的重点。平衡选择是一种维持遗传多态性的自然选择方式，现已发现很多与特定疾病或性状相关的基因或调控序列受平衡选择的作用，如 G6PD 基因、PTC 基因、FMO3 基因、FSHB 基因及 CCR5 基因5’端顺式调控区等我们对41个东亚样本中LMBR1 intron 5 内一段长为9256 bp (Chr7: 156280954-156271699 (Build36))的序列进行以 Tajima’s D 检验为主的群体遗传学分析，发现该区域在进化历程中受到平衡选择的作用。LMBR1 intron 5 内的多态位点与多种表型的多指症存在相关性，受其调控的 SHH 基因在骨骼系统发育中具有重要作用，人类骨骼系统的适应性进化等三方面的因素为该区域受平衡选择的作用提供了进一步的佐证。 总之，本研究对HapMap计划的样本选择策略和数据应用提供了一定的参考；同时还发现一个与骨骼系统发育有关的基因调控元件受平衡选择的作用。

Mechanical properties of BPDA-ODA polyimide fibers

An aromatic polyimide was synthesized via a one-step polycondensation reaction between biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) in p-chlorophenol. The polyimide (BPDA-ODA) solution dopes were spun into fibers by means of dry-jet wet spinning. The as-spun fibers were drawn and treated in heating tubes for improving the mechanical properties. The thermal treatment on the fibers resulted in a relatively high tensile strength and modulus. Thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) was employed to study the linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) spectra showed that the BPDA-ODA fibers possessed an excellent property of thermo-oxidative degradation resistance. The sonic modulus E-s of the polyimide fibers was measured.

Studies on biodegradable poly(hexano-6-lactone) fibers 1. Structure and properties of drawn poly(hexano-6-lactone) fibers

Using high molecular weight (M-n=80,000) Poly(hexano-6-lactone) (PCL'), tough and high tenacity PCL monofilaments with various draw ratios (undrawn to 9 times drawn) were prepared by melt-spinning. The relationship between microstructure and properties of the PCL fibers is described in this current IUPAC Technical Report. Analysis of microstructure of the drawn PCL fibers by wide-angle X-ray diffraction revealed typical c-axis orientation with an increase in crystallinity. It was also supported by sonic velocity measurements. The thermal, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties of the PCL fibers were affected significantly by draw ratio. DSC thermograms showed that the melting temperature and the enthalpy of fusion increased with draw ratio. The temperature dependence curves of dynamic viscoelasticity showed that the temperature at tan delta peak of alpha dispersion corresponding to the glass transition temperature shifted toward higher temperature and the peak value of tan delta decreased with draw ratio. The dynamic storage modulus and the sonic modulus increased with draw ratio. These results are due to the increase in crystallinity and molecular orientation with drawing, and are responsible for an increase in tensile tenacity as well as knot tenacity of the PCL fibers.

Ship-board measurements and estimations of air-sea fluxes in the western tropical Pacific during TOGA COARE

Direct air-sea flux measurements were made on RN Kexue #1 at 40 degrees S, 156 degrees E during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric Response Experiment (COARE) Intensive Observation Period (IOP). An array of six accelerometers was used to measure the motion of the anchored ship, and a sonic anemometer and Lyman-alpha hygrometer were used to measure the turbulent wind vector and specific humidity. The contamination of the turbulent wind components by ship motion was largely removed by an improvement of a procedure due to Shao based on the acceleration signals. The scheme of the wind correction for ship motion is briefly outlined. Results are presented from data for the best wind direction relative to the ship to minimize flow distortion effects. Both the time series and the power spectra of the sonic-measured wind components show swell-induced ship motion contamination, which is largely removed by the accelerometer correction scheme, There was less contamination in the longitudinal wind component than in the vertical and transverse components. The spectral characteristics of the surface-layer turbulence properties are compared with those from previous land and ocean results, Momentum and latent heat fluxes were calculated by eddy correlation and compared to those estimated by the inertial dissipation method and the TOGA COARE bulk formula. The estimations of wind stress determined by eddy correlation are smaller than those from the TOGA COARE bulk formula, especially for higher wind speeds, while those from the bulk formula and inertial dissipation technique are generally in agreement. The estimations of latent heal flux from the three different methods are in reasonable agreement. The effect of the correction for ship motion on latent heat fluxes is not as large as on momentum fluxes.

基于随机介质理论的多尺度储层非均质性定量描述

Application of long-term exploration for oil and gas shows that the reservoir technology of prediction is one of the most valuable methods. Quantitative analysis of reservoir complexity is also a key technology of reservoir prediction. The current reservoir technologies of prediction are based on the linear assumption of various physical relationships. Therefore, these technologies cannot handle complex reservoirs with thin sands, high heterogeneities in lithological composition and strong varieties in petrophysical properties. Based on the above-mentioned complex reservoir, this paper conducts a series of researches. Both the comprehending and the quantitative analysis of reservoir heterogeneities have been implemented using statistical and non-linear theories of geophysics. At the beginning, the research of random media theories about reservoir heterogeneities was researched in this thesis. One-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) random medium models were constructed. The autocorrelation lengths of random medium described the mean scale of heterogeneous anomaly in horizontal and deep directions, respectively. The characteristic of random medium models were analyzed. We also studied the corresponding relationship between the reservoir heterogeneities and autocorrelation lengths. Because heterogeneity of reservoir has fractal nature, we described heterogeneity of reservoir by fractal theory based on analyzing of the one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) random medium models. We simulated two-dimensional (2-D) random fluctuation medium in different parameters. From the simulated results, we can know that the main features of the two-dimensional (2-D) random medium mode. With autocorrelation lengths becoming larger, scales of heterogeneous geologic bodies in models became bigger. In addition, with the autocorrelation lengths becoming very larger, the layer characteristic of the models is very obvious. It would be difficult to identify sandstone such as gritstone, clay, dense sandstone and gas sandstone and so on in the reservoir with traditional impedance inversion. According to the obvious difference between different lithologic and petrophysical impedance, we studied multi-scale reservoir heterogeneities and developed new technologies. The distribution features of reservoir lithological and petrophysical heterogeneities along vertical and transverse directions were described quantitatively using multi-scale power spectrum and heterogeneity spectrum methods in this paper. Power spectrum (P spectrum) describes the manner of the vertical distribution of reservoir lithologic and petrophysical parameters and the large-scale and small-scale heterogeneities along vertical direction. Heterogeneity spectrum (H spectrum) describes the structure of the reservoir lithologic and petrophysical parameters mainly, that is to say, proportional composition of each lithological and petrophysical heterogeneities are calculated in this formation. The method is more reasonable to describe the degree of transverse multi-scale heterogeneities in reservoir lithological and petrophysical parameters. Using information of sonic logs in Sulige oil field, two spectral methods have been applied to the oil field, and good analytic results have been obtained. In order to contrast the former researches, the last part is the multi-scale character analysis of reservoir based on the transmission character of wave using the wavelet transform. We discussed the method applied to demarcate sequence stratigraphy and also analyzed the reservoir interlayer heterogeneity.

储层注聚合物后测井评价研究

Since physical properties and resistivity of mixed formation fluid change after polymer and water flood reservoir, transformational electric properties of water and polymer flooded zones challenges log interpretation. Conventional log interpretation methods to water flooded reservoirs cannot be employed to water and polymer flooded zones. According to difficulties in water and polymer flooded zones interpretation, we analyzed the variation of electric properties of mixed formation fluid, reservoir parameters and log correspondences, then got further understanding of the applicability of Archie Equations. As the results, we provided reservoir parameter evaluation model in water and polymer flooded zones in this paper. This research shows that micro pore structure, physical parameters and electric correspondence of reservoirs change after being flooded by water and polymer. The resistivity variation of mixed formation fluid depends mainly on affixation conductivity of polymer and salinity of formation water, which is the key to log interpretation and evaluation. Therefore, we summerized the laws of log correspondence in different polymer injection ways, developed electric discrimination model for water and polymer flooded zones, as well as charts to identify flooding conditions with resistivity and sonic logs. Further rock-electric tests and conductive mechanism analysis indicate that the resistivity increasing coefficient(I) and water saturation(Sw) are still in concordance with classical Archie Equations, which can be utilized in quantitative evaluation on water and polymer flooded reservoirs. This sets of methods greatly improved accuracy in water and polymer flooded zone evaluation.

基于分形和统计理论的地层非均质研究

Basin-scale heterogeneity contains information about the traces of the past sedimentary cycle and tectonic process, and has been a major concern to geophysicists because of its importance in resource exploration and development. In this paper, the sonic data of 30 wells of Sulige field are used to inverse the power-law spectra slope and correlation length which are measures of the heterogeneity of the velocity of the log using fractal and statistic correlation methods. By taking the heterogeneity parameters of different wells interpolated, we get power law spectra slope and correlation length contours reflecting the stratum heterogeneity. Then using correlation and gradient, we inverse the transverse heterogeneity of Sulige field. Reservior-scale heterogeneity influnce the distribution of remaining oil and hydrocarbon accumulation. Using wavelet modulus maximum method to divide the sedimentary cycle using Gr data, therefore we can calculate the heterogeneity parameter in each layer of each log. Then we get the heterogeneity distribution of each layer of Sulige field. Finally, we analyze the relation between the signal sigularity and the strata heterogeneity, and get two different sigularity profiles in different areas.