A critical study of major construction projects in kerala vis-a-vis effectiveness in project implementation

Chapter 1 presents a brief note on the state at which the construction industry stands at present, bringing into focus the significance of the critical study. Relevance of the study, area of investigation and objectives of the study are outlined in this chapter. The 2nd chapter presents a review of the literature on the relevant areas. In the third chapter an analysis on time and cost overrun in construction highlighting the major factors responsible for it has been done. A couple of case studies to estimate loss to the nation on account of delay in construction have been presented in the chapter. The need for an appropriate estimate and a competent contractor has been emphasised for improving effectiveness in the project implementation. Certain useful equations and thoughts have been formulated on this area in this chapter that can be followed in State PWD and other Govt. organisations. Case studies on project implementation of major projects undertaken by Government sponsored/supported organizations in Kerala have been dealt with in Chapter 4. A detailed description of the project of Kerala Legislature Complex with a critical analysis has been given in this chapter. A detailed account of the investigations carried out on the construction of International Stadium, a sports project of Greater Cochin Development Authority is included here. The project details of Cochin International Airport at Nedumbassery, its promoters and contractors are also discussed in Chapter 4. Various aspects of implementation which led the above projects successful have been discussed in chapter 5. The data collected were analysed through discussion and perceptions to arrive at certain conclusions. The emergence of front-loaded contract and its impact on economics of the project execution are dealt with in this chapter. Analysis of delays in respect of the various project narrated in chapter 3 has been done here. The root causes of the project time and overrun and its remedial measures are also enlisted in this chapter. Study of cost and time overrun of any construction project IS a part of construction management. Under the present environment of heavy investment on construction activities in India, the consequences of mismanagement many a time lead to excessive expenditure which are not be avoidable. Cost consciousness, therefore has to be keener than ever before. Optimization in investment can be achieved by improved dynamism in construction management. The successful completion of coristruction projects within the specified programme, optimizing three major attributes of the process - quality, schedule and costs - has become the most valuable and challenging task for the engineer - managers to perform. So, the various aspects of construction management such as cost control, schedule control, quality assurance, management techniques etc. have also been discussed in this fifth chapter. Chapter 6 summarises the conclusions drawn from the above criticalr1 of rhajor construction projects in Kerala.

Protection of property and criminal law - A study with special reference to intellectual property

Theoretically speaking, property is extension of the personality of the individual. It serves the purpose of satisfying the self of the individual in the society. Various theories have been attempted to explain its origin and development. However, it is the socialist theory of property which finds acceptance in many societies today. A proper definition of the concept of property has notbeen given in the statutes governing protection of property or in the Indian Constitution. While deciding cases under the Indian Penal Code, the courts have however, been interpreting the term 'property' in a manner facilitating its accommodation within the contours of the socialist theory of property, though there was no attempt for any formal theorization. An examination of the decisions under the Penal Code provisions and Constituent Assembly Debates has reinforced the above view that our courts as well as legislature have adopted the socialist concept of property. Because of the importance of the theory of property in the general scheme of this study, it was thought appropriate toinclude a chapter on the theory of property as reflected in our constitution.

"Right to Personal Liberty Under the Indian Constitution - With Special Reference to Judicial Process"

The nature and extent of protection secured to personal liberty has been a subject matter of great controversy and debate. The expression "procedure established by law" as a standard of protection for personal liberty has been looked upon as highly unsatisfactory and inadequate. For, unlike the specific attributes of liberty that are separately guaranteed under Art.19, ‘personal liberty‘ as guaranteed by Art.21 does not obligate the .Legislature to comply with the requirements of justice and reasonableness as and when it enchroaches upon that right. Though the concept of ‘personal liberty‘ has received an evolutive and expansive meaning through judicial process, the standard of protection which the judicial process could secure to personal liberty through the interpretation of Art.21 has been far from satisfactory Even after four decades of judicial process in the interpretation of Art.21 the problem of evolving a just and adequate standard of protection for personal liberty in that Article continues to be 21 crucial constitutional issue, craving for a. satisfactory solution. And the present study is a humble attempt to unravel this problem and to Search for a reasonable solution.

Consentimiento ejercido sobre el bien jurídico libertad sexual, emitido por un menor de catorce años

Dentro del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, gracias a nuestro legislador se ha presentado un arduo trabajo de parte de las altas cortes en el sentido de tener que ir más allá de la simple interpretación tal como la conocemos y entendemos, la hermenéutica jurídica aplicada debe observar cómo se legisla cada vez más en los despachos de los honorables magistrados; con la regulación de las diferentes conductas que se pueden enmarcar en los tipos penales, se inicia una carrera entre la realidad y el derecho, que como sabemos deben ir de la mano pero en algunas ocasiones esta máxima deja de tener aplicación y nos vemos de nuevo envueltos en un sistema de leyes muertas.

Análisis sistemático de la responsabilidad patrimonial del estado legislador

el presente trabajo pretende, predominantemente,analizar la problemática de la falta de sistematización de la responsabilidad del Estado y dentro de ello, en forma específica, del legislador, a efectos de formular un modelo de organización lógica y coherente entre los distintos elementos que la componen, para facilitar a los operadores jurídicos su labor técnica de hermenéutica y de aplicación.

El régimen contractual de las empresas sociales del Estado

En nuestro país existen múltiples entidades y materias que no aplican la Ley 80 de 1993. Así, el desarrollo de su actividad contractual escapa al ámbito normativo que establece el Estatuto General de Contratación de la Administración Pública, configurándose de esta manera los denominados regímenes excepcionales. Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta que son entidades que administran recursos públicos y en virtud del deber de observancia de los principios que orientan la función administrativa establecido por el ordenamiento jurídico, el Derecho Público que pareciere inicialmente no exigible a estos regímenes termina siendo aplicado, llegando a convivir e interactuar entonces con el Derecho Privado preponderantemente aplicable en este tipo de entidades. Dentro de estas, precisamente, se encuentran las denominadas Empresas Sociales del Estado - ESES -, las cuales por disposición expresa del legislador en materia contractual se rigen por el Derecho Privado, pero otorgándoles además la facultad de utilizar las cláusulas exorbitantes previstas en el Estatuto Contractual. Este escenario particularmente confuso, donde impera la incertidumbre sobre el alcance de la aplicación del Derecho Público y/o del Derecho Privado, constituye el problema jurídico que se aborda en el presente trabajo, el cual se desarrolla a partir del estudio del régimen contractual de las ESES, señalando sus rasgos más importantes y brindando una serie de criterios para la determinación de aspectos puntuales como: la aplicación de los principios, el régimen de inhabilidades e incompatibilidades aplicable, la utilización de las cláusulas y potestades exorbitantes, las modalidades de selección del contratista, entre otros.

Push button parliament–why India needs a non-partisan, recorded vote system

Decisions of national importance are made by Parliamentary voting. Yet Indian Members of Parliament (MPs) vote with a remarkable lack of freedom and accountability. The introduction of the Tenth Schedule in the Constitution has crippled free expression, since it provides that MPs voting against ‘any direction’ of their Party are liable to disqualification from the legislature  In addition, except for Constitutional amendments, Indian Parliamentary Procedure Rules do not require votes of MPs to be recorded unless the Speaker’s decision is contested in the House. The result is that voting in the House has become mechanical, controlled by Party politics and devoid of responsibility. This paper comments on a general theory of democratic accountability through the lens of Parliamentary voting. It suggests that the voting system adopted in the Parliament is an effective indicator to measure the level of accountability of its Members. In the context of India, this paper argues that the level of accountability will increase to a desirable extent only when there is adoption of a recorded system for every important House vote. Upon examination of India’s record thus far (through the sample of the 14th Lok Sabha) it becomes evident that the level of divisions (recorded votes) is substantially lower than other countries. This leads the paper to probe, as to why that might be the case. Part II of the paper answers that question by examining the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution. The paper scrutinizes the disproportionate influence of the Party in decision making in the Parliament. Apart from dealing with the inherent problem of the Tenth Schedule, this paper suggests two procedural changes to make parliamentary expression more meaningful. Firstly, the recording of all important votes within the Parliament and secondly, registering Party whips with the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs so that the voter knows the clear stand of every Parliamentary continuum. The focus of the paper is thus to bring back the attention of the legislators to their central function, which is deliberation on and the passage of legislation.

La reafirmación de los recursos administrativos como requisito de procedibilidad en Ley 1437 de 2011: una posición privilegiada de la administración pública en Colombia frente a los particulares

La problemática que aborda este trabajo comprende el análisis de las implicaciones y del significado de la reafirmación del trámite de los recursos administrativos como un requisito de procedibilidad que el particular debe agotar para poder acudir a la jurisdicción administrativa cuando pretende dirimir una controversia originada en una decisión adoptada por una autoridad pública. Nos preguntamos, si con ello, se cumplió todo aquello que inspiró a los precursores de la expedición del nuevo código de procedimiento administrativo y de lo contencioso administrativo. La investigación se desarrolló a partir de un plan de trabajo divido en dos partes. En la primera, se analizó la doble connotación que caracteriza a los recursos administrativos, así como la evolución, la efectividad y la importancia de aquellos de cara a los privilegios de la administración pública. También se abordaron las modificaciones que el legislador ha efectuado a esta herramienta de autocontrol de las decisiones administrativas y la jurisprudencia expedida por el Consejo de Estado y la Corte Constitucional en esta materia. En la segunda parte, con el fin de establecer si la reafirmación del agotamiento del recurso de apelación como requisito de procedibilidad para acudir a la jurisdicción administrativa, traduce los propósitos del legislador al expedir el nuevo código administrativo y de lo contencioso administrativo, se plasmaron aspectos que debieron considerarse en esta reforma, en el marco de las tendencias de un Estado Social de Derecho y de la problemática de la congestión judicial que intenta afrontar el legislador. En ese marco, se explicaron los aspectos que permitieron constatar que los propósitos del legislador se desdibujaron al mantener la obligatoriedad de agotar los recursos administrativos para que el particular pueda someter una controversia a la jurisdicción administrativa.

Campañas electorales y acción legislativa en el senado: un análisis del comportamiento de los partidos políticos durante el año 2014

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo examinar la incidencia de las estrategias de campaña ejecutadas por los partidos políticos colombianos, sobre el comportamiento legislativo tomando como referencia las elecciones senatoriales del año 2014. De esta manera, sostiene que las organizaciones partidistas que demostraron una mayor cohesión al momento electoral, se comportaron de manera disciplinada en el Senado. Por ello, se exponen las distintas estrategias que aplicaron los partidos políticos que lograron una curul en el Senado, con el fin de determinar el grado de cohesión de cada uno de ellos, utilizando como marco los dilemas organizacionales a los que los partidos se ven expuestos. Luego, se relaciona con el trabajo legislativo que tuvo lugar en el primer periodo de la primera legislatura y, se finaliza, con un análisis de la reforma política contenida en el proyecto de equilibrio de poderes.

Breves reflexões sobre segurança interna : a emergência de um novo paradigma

Foram necessários 21 anos e algumas mudanças políticas e alterações conceptuais, para que o legislador lograsse entender que o momento de aprovar uma nova disciplina jurídica ao nível do edifício normativo da Segurança. A criação do cargo de Secretário-Geral do SSI e d concepção do conjunto de recursos e meios ao serviço da Segurança Interna encarados como um sistema, com tudo o que isso comporta de integração e articulação, foi uma das maiores alterações, se não mesmo a única inovação. A cooperação e a partilha de informações, que são a «essência» do funcionamento do Sistema de Segurança Interna, são um bom exemplo da metodologia a adoptar na inclusão de vectores da Segurança, Justiça e Defesa num esforço que deve ser nacional, na redução e potencial eliminação de ameaças e riscos para a nossa «Comunidade» no pressuposto de que a missão é servir os cidadãos, garantindo a sua liberdade e segurança.

Shared authority: courts and legislatures in legal theory

This book advances a fresh philosophical account of the relationship between the legislature and courts, opposing the common conception of law, in which it is legislatures that primarily create the law, and courts that primarily apply it. This conception has eclectic affinities with legal positivism, and although it may have been a helpful intellectual tool in the past, it now increasingly generates more problems than it solves. For this reason, the author argues, legal philosophers are better off abandoning it. At the same time they are asked to dismantle the philosophical and doctrinal infrastructure that has been based on it and which has been hitherto largely unquestioned. In its place the book offers an alternative framework for understanding the role of courts and the legislature; a framework which is distinctly anti-positivist and which builds on Ronald Dworkin’s interpretive theory of law. But, contrary to Dworkin, it insists that legal duty is sensitive to the position one occupies in the project of governing; legal interpretation is not the solitary task of one super-judge, but a collaborative task structured by principles of institutional morality such as separation of powers which impose a moral duty on participants to respect each other's contributions. Moreover this collaborative task will often involve citizens taking an active role in their interaction with the law.

Shiro, Burt and Phyllis, interviewed by Sam Levine on January 17, 2010: Audio Recording

Some of the themes discussed are: • Occupation—store, The Jefferson Hotel (2, 4-6, 11, 17-18) • Food (2) • Colby—Greek life (3, 7) • Military service (3-4) • Bar Mitzvah (6, 12) • Life in Waterville—Circus (6) • Anti-semitism (10-12) • Occupation—law (8-9) • Occupation—legislature (14) • Jewish education (12) • Synagogue (13) • Civic engagement—United Way (15) • Civic engagement (26-28) • Camp—Modin (18) • College—attendance (19) • Colby—football (20-21, 23, 30)

Slosberg, Ken, interviewed by Nicole Mitchell on January 19, 2010: Transcript

Some themes discussed are: • Jewish identity—prayer (1, 3) • Jewish identity—modern changes (3) • Jewish education—Hebrew/Sunday School (1, 4, 5) • Food—family picnics (2) • Food—favorites (13) • Food—kosher (14) • Occupation—store/tailoring (2) • Occupation—law (8-9) • Occupation—legislature (8-9) • Education—Bowdoin (8) • Education—Harvard Law (8) • Marriage—parents (9-10) • Intermarriage (11) • Social life—Center Youth (11) • Dating—non-Jews (12)

Shiro, Burt, and Phyllis, interviewed by Sam Levine on January 17, 2010: Transcript

Some of the themes discussed are: • Occupation—store, The Jefferson Hotel (2, 4-6, 11, 17-18) • Food (2) • Colby—Greek life (3, 7) • Military service (3-4) • Bar Mitzvah (6, 12) • Life in Waterville—Circus (6) • Anti-semitism (10-12) • Occupation—law (8-9) • Occupation—legislature (14) • Jewish education (12) • Synagogue (13) • Civic engagement—United Way (15) • Civic engagement (26-28) • Camp—Modin (18) • College—attendance (19) • Colby—football (20-21, 23, 30)

A presidência brasileira e a separação dos poderes

Este relatório apresenta os resultados iniciais de uma pesquisa de longo prazo sobre a presidência Brasileira e os outros poderes da federação. Várias pesquisas realizadas separadamente enfatizam a crescente importância do executivo, legislativo, e judiciário na política Brasileira desde a Constituição de 1988. Este relatório argumenta que, tomadas como um todo, estas pesquisas mostram um processo decisório mais complexo mais contestado, e mais democrático. Uma resenha das bibliografias recentes sobre as relações entre os três poderes no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos mostra a necessidade de mais pesquisa comparada sobre a separação dos poderes nestes dois países. O relatório também comunica os passos iniciais na organização de um banco de dados sobre sobre tendências de gastos entre os poderes da união a partir de dados oficiais sobre o Orçamento federal de 1995-2002.