866 resultados para ensino de leitura e escrita
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Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS
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A construção ordenada de unidades linguísticas é objeto de estudo da sintaxe e de fundamental interesse nas pesquisas do estudo do comportamento. Desempenhos sintáticos freqüentemente envolvem mudanças que ocorrem na ordem das palavras entre diferentes contextos linguísticos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a emergência da composição de sentenças escritas a partir do ensino por sobreposição de palavras com controle condicional. Pretendeu-se ainda examinar a manutenção do desempenho a partir da reaplicação do teste com novas sentenças. Um software foi elaborado para apresentação das contingências programadas de ensino, testes e registro dos dados comportamentais. Participaram do estudo seis crianças na faixa etária de oito a dez anos de uma instituição social. Quatro sentenças, duas na voz ativa e duas na voz passiva foram ensinadas aos participantes com o procedimento de sobreposição de palavras. A tarefa do participante consistia em compor sentenças escritas por meio da escolha, na tela do computador, de palavras apresentadas em ordem imprevisível. Após o ensino por sobreposição das sentenças na voz ativa e passiva, estas eram relacionadas condicionalmente à cor verde e vermelha respectivamente. Testes de substituibilidade verificavam a produção de novas sentenças. Após aproximadamente quarenta e cinco dias sem contato com as contingências experimentais, o desempenho emergente era novamente avaliado. Todos os participantes alcançaram o critério de acerto nas fases de ensino. Nos testes de substituibilidade, um participante alcançou 87,5%, dois obtiveram 75% e para os demais, a porcentagem de acerto foi de 62,5%, 50% e 37,5%. Um segundo estudo foi conduzido ampliando o número de tentativas de ensino para três dos participantes que tiveram um desempenho com fraco controle condicional. Os resultados mostraram que dois dos participantes (LUC e DAN) obtiveram respectivamente 100% e 87,5% de acerto nos testes com novas sentenças. O participante POL alcançou apenas 62,5% de acerto nos testes. Os resultados sugerem que esse refinamento do procedimento, para dois dos participantes, produziu a emergência de sentenças com controle condicional, em relação ao desempenho desses participantes no primeiro estudo. O desempenho dos participantes no re-teste ainda é bastante discutível com manutenção para apenas um participante. O presente estudo mostra que o procedimento de ensino por sobreposição de palavras pode gerar a composição de sentenças com poucos erros. O controle condicional precisa ser bem estabelecido e variáveis como a ordem de treino precisa ser investigada.
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Este artigo apresenta um estudo de citações em escrita acadêmica na perspectiva da análise de citações e dos estudos de gêneros do discurso (Moravcsik & Murugesan, 1975; Swales, 1986, 1990, 2004; Bhatia, 2004). O estudo enfoca o uso de citações por membros expertos e membros novatos da comunidade acadêmica de Linguística e consistiu na análise e comparação de nove artigos acadêmicos e treze trabalhos finais de disciplina. Os resultados mostram que as escolhas linguísticas que orientam a escrita das citações são em grande parte compartilhadas pelos membros expertos (autores dos artigos acadêmicos) e pelos novatos (alunos de curso de pós-graduação, autores dos trabalhos finais de disciplina), haja vista que ambos fazem uso de citações confirmativas, em detrimento de negativas. Todavia, membros expertos, ao contrário dos novatos, utilizam a própria voz para confrontar outros autores. As implicações deste estudo reiteram a necessidade de os Cursos de Letras terem uma abordagem de ensino e aprendizagem de escrita acadêmica baseada em gêneros do discurso visando desenvolver a consciência retórica dos alunos em relação à escrita acadêmica e, consequentemente, ao uso de citações em textos escritos, de maneira a empoderar os alunos a construir um posicionamento autoral em sua comunidade discursiva.
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Pós-graduação em Letras - IBILCE
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Presents a developing laboratory within History of Culture, subject taught in the Library and Archive Studies at UNESP (Marilia). The project is based upon the foundations of research line Information and Technology: students from the second under graduation year participate in the improving of 27 entries in Portuguese language Wikipedia. The aim is to capacitate for scientific reading and writing in digital media, habilitate for the information identification and recuperation and for the interpretation and understanding of formal and contents aspects and its reorganization. It includes activities of search, selection, remix and republishing of texts, images, audio and videos in the convergence of diverse hypertext information sources, supported by tutors with strategic abilities in digital environments. In this sense it was adhered to the international Wikipedia Foundation University Campus Ambassadors project. It’s also aimed to induce sharing and collaboration behaviors with the purpose of creating necessary habits for the informational empowerment in Brazil. As methodology is to optimize the work of individuals already trained in wiki culture and to create in within the subject information sharing programs with a more specialized bias, giving greater credibility to the digital environment. The environment syntaxes helps in the learning of the complementary skills of reading and writing and offers itself as an open repository from which information can be reused. It is, thus, an empowerment strategy in the search of autonomy and self reliance considering intersemiotic knowledge in the edition, visualization and understanding of information in the social web. A second step of a verifying research on the environment’s credibility after the consolidation and dissemination of the entries improvement work is proposed.
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Data presented here is the result of an extension project developed by UNESP which aims to support children who complain about learning disabilities. These students with reading and writing problems were part on intervention sessions, individually and/or in small groups, in which different games and non-usual activities were implemented. These intervention sessions seek an improvement in the non-learning situation and, above all, a change in the relationship that the children have established with these school subjects. So far, the main results indicate a development in the mentioned areas and a significant improvement in the entire student learning condition, which were verified during the intervention sessions and by the teachers’ and parents’ reports, as well. We also present here reflections on the process of assessment and intervention and about the way these subjects are dealt at school, and the meaning of not learning how to read and how to write for a child.
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Designed to allow reading, the writing system is a form of representation of speech. However, it does not represent phonetic sounds exactly. This task is realized by phonetic alphabets, with specific phonetic transcriptions. The International Phonetic Association Alphabet (IPA) is most currently used. This alphabet is based on the articulatory possibilities of man. The aim of the present work is to write a phonetic guide to transcribe the Paulista dialect. A phonetic transcription is important in the creation of dictionaries and in the production of speech technologies. It has been established rules to guide the transcriptions. These rules have been defined taking into consideration a standard variety of Paulista dialect. The phonetic rules were set up to facilitate reading in relation to the spelling of Portuguese
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Based in the contact with adults with little education that living in two suburbs of Rio Claro-SP, whose population is largely coming from other states, there were some questions, including: What are reasons for migration are pointed in the narratives of adults little schooling participants EJA classes? So, in the first moment of this research, we present some data collected through a questionnaire applied to students of EJA, we taking information about the state and county of origin of each student. In the second stage methodology was used Oral History pointed questions about the motives of migration reported by subjects who migrated, access and search for education and practice in reading and writing. It was also realized, an activity imagery (or walker interview) with the student, highlighting elements of the landscape of the neighborhood that brings memory's birthplace. Therefore, we present here the stories of women who had migratory experience
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In this article we address the causality conveyed by constructions with porque in compositions written by students from a public school. Our purpose is to compare factors of cognitive and discursive order for examining possible motivations related to the variability and to the complexity involved in causal constructions. The analysis that we propose assumes that porque may have different interpretations depending on the context of use and may indicate the cause of an actual event, or the cause of a belief, or the cause of a speech act. We consider some theses of ontogenetic nature that support that the most cognitively complex meanings appear later, but we hold that there are other issues at stake. In what follows, we present evidence that the emergence of different causal relations with porque also takes place as a result of the operation of discourse genres.
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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To select pedagogical practices that allow the development of psychic function thinking and psychic function language. It's necessary understanding the whole psyche human, postulated by Vygotsky. The action of playing, the main activity of the children in the childhood education, can enhance the resilience of the psychic functions, once it provides stimulus and may include teacher's intervention during its deployment. For a better intervention, this planning in light of a theory is primordial, as well as the reflection on this practice. This research aimed to find the moment of the activities that took place the development of these functions, language and thought, in children who are in the early years of the childhood education. The survey was conducted through a qualitative interpretation approach, as action research. Data analysis allowed us to observe planned teaching practices in which enabled the development of language and thought and consequently a qualitative leap in the other psychic functions
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To select pedagogical practices that allow the development of psychic function thinking and psychic function language. It's necessary understanding the whole psyche human, postulated by Vygotsky. The action of playing, the main activity of the children in the childhood education, can enhance the resilience of the psychic functions, once it provides stimulus and may include teacher's intervention during its deployment. For a better intervention, this planning in light of a theory is primordial, as well as the reflection on this practice. This research aimed to find the moment of the activities that took place the development of these functions, language and thought, in children who are in the early years of the childhood education. The survey was conducted through a qualitative interpretation approach, as action research. Data analysis allowed us to observe planned teaching practices in which enabled the development of language and thought and consequently a qualitative leap in the other psychic functions