Análise da dinâmica de preços entre os mercados futuros de grão, farelo e óleo de soja na China e Estados Unidos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Avaliação espaço-temporal da distribuição de fósforo na água e nos sedimentos de fundo das sub-bacias dos rios Cuiabá e São Lourenço e em algumas baias do Pantanal Matogrossense

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Características Termo-Higrométricas em Bairros com Diferentes Padrões Construtivos em Presidente Prudente - SP

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of temperature and air humidity from neighborhoods of Presidente Prudente according to the pattern of land use specific to each of them, over a representative period of winter (July 2011), at different times of day in order to identify the major changes in climatic elements and their causes in urban areas. The work is based mainly on the Monteiro’s theory (1976) of Urban Climate System and for its implementation was used data of temperature and relative humidity of the air in three urban neighborhoods and one rural area. With them, a Chart of Rhythmic Analysis was elaborated for identification of the operating atmospherics systems and basic climate conditions in the period. Were prepared, also, graphs and charts to evaluate and compare the data. There were significant differences in the characteristics of temperature and air humidity between the neighborhoods, especially when compared the urban areas with the rural area

Agricultura urbana no município de Charqueada, SP: um enfoque etnobotânico

A produção agrícola em áreas urbanas é um fenômeno presente no cenário mundial e tornou-se essencial para alimentação de famílias em diversas cidades de países em desenvolvimento. A agricultura urbana acarreta uma gama de benefícios aos locais que a praticam como garantia da segurança alimentar, geração de renda, aumento de áreas verdes usando lotes ociosos, entre outros. O atual modelo de desenvolvimento agrícola exerce pressão sobre as áreas rurais em diversos aspectos, seja reduzindo os espaços para pequenos produtores, como forçando-os a migrar para áreas urbanas. No Brasil o cénário não é diferente, e essa migração é crescente. As cidades de pequeno porte, que acolhem esses migrantes, ainda apresentam muitas características rurais, como a manutenção do hábito de plantar. O município de Charqueada, SP, se enquadra nessa categoria de cidade pequena e apresenta diversos terrenos cultivados na área urbana. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever a agricultura urbana em Charqueada, enfocando os cultivos em lotes vagos, bem como compreender sua dinâmica no local, registrar o conhecimento desses agricultores e fazer um levantamento das plantas alimentares cultivadas. A pesquisa se deu em três etapas de campo: a) mapeamento dos lotes cultivados na malha urbana; b) levantamento de dados socioeconômicos e sobre os cultivos em uma amostra geral; e (c) e em uma subamostra, com visitas aos lotes e coleta de material botânico. As amostras foram selecionadas aleatoriamente e os levantamentos foram realizados através de entrevistas estruturadas e semi-estruturadas, com métodos etnobotânicos. Os dados coletados foram analisados de maneira descritiva. Foram encontrados 97 lotes cultivados, destes, 77 participaram da amostragem geral e 30 da subamostra. Os agricultores são na grande maioria homens, de baixa renda, acima de 50 anos de idade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Geotecnologias para análise da expansão urbana e consequências na APP do Córrego Olinda - Rio Claro/SP

Despite the current Environmental Legislation resolution, concerning the protection of the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), be quite rigid, in practice, is observed noncompliance with the minimum limits of protection, especially in urban areas where, historically, the urbanization processes have been executed without compliance with the minimum standards of urban and environmental planning. Given the above, the present study aimed to analyze the urban sprawl evolution at the Olinda stream APP, located in the city of Rio Claro - SP. By means of the visual interpretation of aerial photographs in the GIS/ARCGIS environment, thematic maps of the urban sprawl of the years 1972, 1995 and 2010, as well as the Olinda Stream APP surroundings, were prepared. From the maps, it was possible to measure the occupation density for each scenario and indicate from which period the urbanization process has intensified. It was also possible to quantify the loss of vegetation area and indicate the major environmental problems in the basin of the Olinda stream. Therefore, the development of this research shows its importance, considering that its results can support the public administration, assisting in proper planning of land use and occupation in urban watersheds

Ecologia de sabiás (Turdus spp.) e sanhaços (Thraupis spp.) em área urbana com fragmentos florestais no campus da Unesp de Rio Claro

Sabiás e sanhaços estão entre as aves frugívoras mais comuns em áreas urbanas, sendo os primeiros com ampla distribuição e sanhaços com distribuição neotropical, onde dispersam sementes de uma variedade de espécie de plantas. Analisei o uso do hábitat e aspectos da ecologia, como densidade, abundância, uso do tempo e de hábitats das espécies de sabiás e sanhaços presentes no campus da UNESP de Rio Claro, estado de São Paulo, nas diferentes estações do ano. O estudo foi realizado através da observação das aves ao longo de um transecto onde as variáveis estudadas incluíram o número de indivíduos, hábitat de ocorrência, atividade, distância do transecto, tipo de alimento e estrato de forrageio para os indivíduos de cada espécie. Realizou-se 27 transecções, as quais incluíram áreas abertas (campos), construções (ruas e edificações), e fragmentos florestais, num trajeto de 3,65 km, entre os meses de janeiro e agosto de 2010, em três períodos do dia. Foram registradas cinco espécies de aves, o sanhaço-cinzento, o sanhaço-do-coqueiro, o sabiá-barranco, o sabiá-poca e o sabiá-laranjeira, em um total de 555 indivíduos avistados. Os resultados demonstraram a maior abundancia (283 indivíduos) e densidade (1.47 Indivíduos/ha) para a espécie de sanhaço-cinzento (Thraupis sayaca). Os dados obtidos permitiram inferir um elevado grau de seleção do hábitat utilizado pelas três espécies mais abundantes, ocorrendo preferência por regiões com maior cobertura vegetal arbórea/arbustiva. O forrageamento se apresentou como a principal atividade, entretanto, as espécies de sabiás utilizaram ambos estratos, forrageando invertebrados no solo e frutos na vegetação arbórea, enquanto sanhaços encontraram-se unicamente no estrato arbóreo. Foram encontradas 41 espécies de plantas arbóreas...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Os ventos e seus impactos na área urbana de Rio Claro (SP) entre 2005 e 2010: um análise através dos jornais e dos boletins de ocorrência

The intensive development in the urbanization process implied a series of economic, social, and gradually, environmental transformations, essentially, since its intensification, which took place from the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America. In Latin American countries, including Brazil, there was such acceleration in urban sprawl, only in the middle of the twentieth century, fomented by a peculiar industrialization, coming from the scientific-technical revolution, which occurred in developing countries. In this context, and with a lack of planning and an effective organization, cities of the dependent countries face an inordinate population growth and an unprecedented industrial swelling. Brazil, following this trend, presents several issues regarding the gaps in the provision of necessary infrastructure to meet the most basic needs of its population and the intense activity and anthropogenic effects on the environment. In this sense, environmental problems, related to air and water pollution, degradation and contamination of soil, paving roads, reduction of green areas, urban heat island, among others, reaching ever deeper into the Brazilian urban areas. It is important the analysis in this final project, the weather events related to episodes of strong winds and the events and the impacts to the population of Rio Claro (SP) in the period 2005 to 2010, basing themselves in Geographical Climatology and Urban climate studies. In this scenario, we found the prevalence of occurrences linked to falling trees in the study area, connected, at the same time, to the occurrence and to the absence of episodes of extreme events, with measurements of strong winds, showing a connection between the events and external facts to episodes of winds

Programa de aceleração de crescimento – P.A.C: discussão sociológica a respeito do mercado da habitação

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise a respeito do que foi proposto pelo Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento – PAC pelo governo em mandato Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, em janeiro de 2007, destacando seus principais resultados ao término do ano de 2010, contribuindo com uma investigação a respeito do modelo de desenvolvimento adotado nos últimos dez anos no Brasil. Argumentamos que o setor habitacional teve maior ênfase no setor de infraestrutura social e urbana, levando em consideração que havia uma busca pela melhoria do nível de déficit habitacional no Brasil que, de acordo com o Ministério das Cidades, em 2006, era de aproximadamente 8 milhões de domicílios, sendo que sua grande maioria localizavam-se nas áreas urbanas, aproximadamente 6,5 milhões de domicílios. Moldando essa discussão através dos conceitos da Sociologia Econômica, argumentamos que, em termos de Mercado Habitacional, o Estado construiu a ideia da necessidade da casa própria, e a população aderiu a essa ideia como sendo algo necessário para a condição de estar incluída em uma sociedade ou grupo social

Diagnóstico antropogeomorfológico em bacia hidrográfica urbana: o caso do Córrego do Jardim São João, Araras (SP)

Man can transform the nature according to their needs through technique which enables agriculture, cattle raising, constructions of buildings for housing, transport routes, etc. This action has brought significant transformations to the environment, and relief is one of the most changed elements, mainly at urban areas, which concentrates most of the Brazilian population. In these areas geomorphologic systems have undergone alterations in their flow of matter and energy by the action of man. Thus, it is possible o understand the action of man as geomorphologic action, nowadays, the tecnógeno, since the human action can interfere qualitatively and quantitatively in the input and output of these systems. The anthropic geomorphology has contributed to the analyses of the effects due to the urbanization at the form and at the geomorphologic process in the urban watersheds, indicating the transformations at the shape of the relief and the alterations due to the acceleration of the flow of matter and energy. From these questions, this study had the main diagnose the anthropogenic changes of the relief at the basin of Corrego do Jardim São João, Araras (SP), comparing two scenes, 1997 and 2006, through geomorphological mapping evolutionary in the area. The geomorphological feature altered at the basin are directly linked to the use of soil, mainly at the urban use, which caused effects in the relief at the studied area, making possible to define periods of the urban evolution and impacts caused by the urbanization. Among the changes it was found the decrease of the topographic breaks and at the riverbed channels, as the increase of the accumulation of the plain and riverbed terrace. The elaboration of a letter of the legal restrictions of the basin make possible to evaluate some of the environmental urban problems that occur, which are due to the occupation of the relief in the areas of permanent preservation that brings significant impacts to...

Diagnóstico dos resíduos de construção e demolição: uma contribuição à elaboração e implantação da gestão integrada dos RCD no município de Guaratinguetá – SP

The problem of solid waste has caused discussions about the huge amount that is generated in Brazilian cities, in particular the waste from construction and demolition (CDW), called spoil. In many cases these wastes are disposed of improperly and even criminally in urban areas, causing serious economic, social and environmental problems. Due to the lack of public policies and appropriate management of such waste came up with the CONAMA, in its resolution nº 307 of 2002, the obligation of municipalities in deploy the integrated management of construction and demolition wastes for the resolution of problems caused by inadequate management and disposal of such waste. By following a methodology suggested by Pinto & González (2005), with adaptations of other authors, it is proposed in this work the lifting of a diagnosis of the CDW in the municipality of Guaratinguetá-SP, through theoretical analysis and field research, with purpose to guide the public servants in the elaboration and implementation of integrated management. The results must contain information necessary for that end, such as the knowledge of generators, agents, collectors and transporters, disposition areas and the disposal of waste

Avaliação do método de classificação baseada no objeto em imagens de alta resolução espacial aplicado para o monitoramento de faixa de dutos: estudo de caso no entorno da refinaria de Capuava em Mauá - SP

The metropolitan region of São Paulo is the most populous of the country, this happens because of its great importance in the national economy and the job opportunities that are offered to the population. These factors result in intense population growth and urban expansion, reaching some non-habitable places of the metropolis, as areas of pipelines, which are very important for the transportation of natural gas, oil and its derivatives. Before the population growth of the region, these sites were unoccupied, do not presenting problems for the population. However, with the disorderly occupation is generated great anthropogenic pressure on the pipeline stitches, causing risks to people who are around them. Therefore it is extremely important to monitor the strip of pipelines through products and techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing, enabling, through high spatial resolution images, identification of objects or phenomena that occur on Earth's surface that can alter the functioning and safety of pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to monitor a stretch of the area of the pipeline mesh GASPAL/OSVAT and Capuava Refinery (RECAP), located on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of São Paulo in the city of Mauá, who suffer great human pressure, proving thus the techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) as effective tools for monitoring phenomena occurred in urban areas of great complexity. The monitoring was done by object-based classification applied in orbital images Ikonos II and RapidEye, of high spatial resolution and, image processing, detection of objects, segmentation, classification and editing were developed through the eCognition and ArcGis softwares. To determine the statistical accuracy of the mapping of the land cover of the stretch of pipeline in Maua, the results were analyzed by error matrix... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Concepção e implementação de um serviço baseado em localização na plataforma ANDROID/GOOGLE

The mobile application proposed in this undergraduate project, classified as a Location-Based Service and named Traveller, was developed to support users of mobile phones equipped with GPS in unknown locations by providing information about weather, location of users and stores in urban areas. The mobile devices whose this project is intended are those equipped with Android. The programming language Java was selected and the Eclipse development environment was used along with the toolkit for developing Android (ADT - Android Development Tools)

Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae): biologia e polimorfismo de imaturos

Cryptotermes brevis (Walker, 1853) é um cupim de madeira seca exótico no Brasil, pertencente a família Kalotermitidae e que possui uma distribuição geográfica bastante ampla, sendo encontrada somente em ambientes sinantrópicos. Esta espécie de cupim de madeira seca vive dentro de pedaços de madeira onde escava suas galerias por meio da alimentação. Estes insetos se alimentam do próprio ninho onde vivem e sua infestação é percebida pela formação de grânulos fecais sólidos que são expulsos de peças de madeira infestadas. Dessa forma, C. brevis causa grandes danos econômicos em áreas urbanas, infestando peças de mobiliários manufaturados pelo homem e estruturas de madeira como batentes, forros, rodapés, etc. Em uma colônia de cupins de madeira seca existem castas morfofisiologicamente diferentes, as quais realizam tarefas distintas. Entre elas estão as castas ápteras (soldados e falsos operários), e os reprodutores (rei e rainha). A maioria das castas de cupins são cegas e exibem comportamentos característicos que são utilizados na comunicação entre eles, como por exemplo trofalaxia estomodeal e proctodeal, “grooming”, antenação, “butting”, etc. Devido ao reduzido conhecimento da biologia dessa importante praga urbana, o presente trabalho objetivou elucidar as aspectos da biologia e do polimorfismo de imaturos nesta espécie de cupim. Para entender o polimorfismo de larvas e ninfas foi realizado um estudo biométrico em que mensurou-se a largura da cabeça e do pronoto e o comprimento do broto alar e da tíbia. Os resultados obtidos mostraram três ínstares larvais e quatro ínstares ninfas. Adicionalmente, foram iniciadas colônias que foram abrigadas em diferentes volumes (300 cm3 e 150 cm3) e tipos de madeira. Estas colônias incipientes de laboratório foram abertas após seis meses e mostraram uma média de 5 indivíduos por colônia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Agricultura familiar em Rio Claro - SP: em busca de alternativas para permanência no campo

As we focusing in the Brazilian rural area we see that it presents the spatial diversity and the different organization forms of the space arising from its diversity, tied to the different economic, social, politic and cultural contexts .These contextual diversities bring results that is not limited to the agrarian sector, but get beyond the border of the rural world, taking different ways of organization and structuring in the urban areas. The building and management of the rural spaces are constituted as an attribute of the agricultural production that in the course of the centuries made disappear and reduce significant proportions from the natural areas. In many places, the intensification of the production process gives satisfaction to the globalized markets and that return allows the reproduction of the productive conditions. In other areas the access difficulties to the market and the proximity to the developed urban centers cause the abandonment of the agricultural activity and the maintenance of property without production or with specific services (tourism, for example). That process triggers a multiplicity of factors that are defining the pace of the rural areas in Brazil. This work sought to understand all the deals of the ‘’rural’’ county of Rio Claro-SP and what’s the role and the situation that we find the familiar agriculture in the advanced urban areas, which is the case of this study. Where the agriculture doesn’t represent the flagship of the economy. It was the intention, identify what activities and practices socio-spatial are developed in the county rural area. Trying to understand the public politics acts in the promotion and encouragement to the already developed activities or even other activities that can represent the possibility of a social and territorial reproduction of the families on the country

Quantificação de CO2 e vapor de água nas interfaces bairro-cultura de eucalipto da reserva Floresta Estadual Navarro de Andrade no município de Rio Claro - SP

Environrnental issues are in focus lately, mainly due to climate change that have been registered in recent decades. Some of these changes are attributed to the increased atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases induce, main1y due to anthropogenic emissions. These gases act by absorbing heat in the form of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the planet, and after a time interval, reissuing such radiation in various directions, including back to the surface, causing overheating of the same. Projections indicate that climate change wiIl tend to increase even more. Because of this, in recent years a number of studies are being conducted on the dynamics of inducers of greenhouse gases, especially C02, because that is primarily responsible for the development of that phenomenon. To better understand the flow of C02 are studied specific areas, as regions bordering the forests, soils that are under preparation for agriculture, urban areas, among others. Forests are an important sink for C02, because during the process of photosynthesis, this molecule is captured and used to obtain glucose. Thus, studies of the regions bordering the forests contribute enough to the understanding of the dynamics of C02. Because it requires a large amount of factors, the concentration of CO2 in a given location is very variable and this makes it much more difficult to understand their dynamics and, consequently, the action of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Being a relatively new area of study, there are many controversies about the consequences of the greenhouse effect, so that the community does not believe that climate change resulting from human action. According to them, such changes are merely natural phenomena and periodicals