Unidentified nurses and injured World War I soldiers celebrating with champagne and flowers Portraits Groups

Handwritten correspondence on verso covered over with pasted black paper

Reproduction of portrait of field chaplain Rabbi Dr. Sali Levi Military; World War I; Portraits

Feldrabbiner Dr. Sali Lewi, Breslau

Uskonnonopetuksen tunnustuksellisuus koulun kiistakysymyksenä : Evankelinen herätysliike oppivelvollisuuskoulun kristillisyyden asialla 1912-1926

In the early years of independence the Finnish school system went through a major change. Both the Compulsory school attendance act (1921) and the Religious freedom act (1923) were legislated almost simultaneously. Although the legislators were deciding on the whole content of the citizenship education given in the compulsory school, their attention was mainly concentrated on the issue of the religious education. The former study concerning the subject shows that this issue was strongly influenced by the political power struggle between the conservative and the socialist parties. One of the underlying factors was also the Church s decreased authority concerning the elementary school. The aim of this research was to study the Finnish evangelical movement s attitude and opinions on the issue of religious education and on its status and nature. Their opinions on the issue were especially investigated from the point of view of their own evangelical lower elementary school teachers seminar, which was deeply connected with the matter of confessionalism. The source material of this research of educational history consist of documents of the school administration and the Lutheran Evangelical Association as well as of vast collection of educational, Church s and evangelical movement s journals. According to the results of this study, the evangelical movement plead very strongly for denominational religious education. However, the confessionalism they were pursuing differed from the common understanding of the concept at that time. This became evident both because of their demands for increased education on the Christian doctrine and because of their sharp criticism against loosely confessional, generally Christian religious education. The evangelical movement s strict opinion was combined with their effort to emphasize the Lutherian doctrine in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland. The founding of the Evangelical seminar for lower elementary school teachers in Karkku was a significant indication of the evangelical movement s dedication to strive towards school s Christianity. The objective of the evangelical seminar was to change the school by means of training evangelical minded teachers. The seminar was only a part of much larger plans of evangelical education and home missionary work. However, maintaining the seminar proved to be impossible, especially as the National Board of Education was absolutely against it, claiming that it would endanger the unity of the compulsory school. The National Board of Education indicated that the objectivity of citizenship education would be forfeit, if every marginal ideological movement could educate their own teachers.

Model of Strangriede Cemetery during World War II when it was a holding area for Jews to be deported; Hannover Cemeteries

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Portrait of Leopold Meyerhof in his World War I officer's uniform Military; World War I; Portraits

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Portrait of Leo Baeck as military chaplain Military; World War I; Portraits

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Leo Baeck with unidentified soldiers Military; World War I; Portraits Groups

Center May 2000

Broadside; For the German mothers of the 12000 Jewish soldiers who fell in combat during World War I Posters and Signs

An die deutschen Muetter! 12000 juedische Soldaten sind fuer das Vaterland auf dem Felde der Ehre gefallen. Christliche und juedische Helden haben gemeinsam gekaempft und ruhen gemeinsam in fremder Erde. 12000 Juden fielen im Kampf! Blindwuetiger Parteihass macht vor den Graebern der Toten nicht halt. Deutsche Frauen, duldet nicht, dass die juedische Muetter in ihrem Schmerz verhoehnt wird. Reichsbund juedischer Frontsoldaten e.V.

Studio portrait of young Hilde Rosenbaum holding a teddy bear; Berlin Portraits Children

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Studio portrait of the six daughters of Solomon and Emilie Kohnberger: (l-r) Laura, Irene, Johanna, Melanie, Hermine and Martha.

Laura (1878-1917) died during a flu epidemic. She married Sigmund Stiassny and had two children, Lisbeth (Gersuny) (1900-1986) and Walter (1902-1912) who died of a ruptured appendix.

Jacob Judey-Barosin with his wife Sonia nee Finkel after the end of World War II; Paris Portraits Couples

Early in 1943 the Barosins were arrested and sent to the deportation camp in Gurs. They were freed by French authorities and went into hiding until their liberation in 1944 in Paris. In 1947 they emigrated to the United States.

Herman Sommerfeld, German Jewish World War I pilot, seated in an airplane Portraits Men

Signed by photographer bottom left

War damage; Kunstgewerbe, Berlin.

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