Educación matemática en las primeras edades desde un enfoque sociocultural

Article on es defineix com es concep l’aprenentatge matemàtic des d’una perspectiva sociocultural i es presenta una experiència realitzada en una classe de xiquets i xiquetes de 5 anys

Idoneidad didáctica de un protocolo sociocultural de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas

En este estudio se evalúa la adecuación de un protocolo para la enseñanza delconcepto de poliedro regular, destinado a alumnos de 14 y 15 años. Este protocolo se ha diseñado desde una perspectiva sociocultural y su evaluación se basa en la aplicación de los criterios deidoneidad didáctica que ofrece el enfoque ontosemiótico. La idoneidad se estudia con la revisión de sus diferentes dimensiones: matemática, cognitiva, interaccional, mediacional, emocional y ecológica. El análisis ha permitido detectar algunos factores que favorecen la validez del protocolo y la adecuación para su empleo en el aula, como el tipo de discurso, el uso de material manipulable o el trabajo cooperativo

Coneixement lingüístic i matemàtic d'escolars de nivel sociocultural baix en programes d'immersió = Linguistic and mathematic knowledge in pupils of low sociocultural level in immersiom programmes

This piece of research compares knowledge of Catalan, Castilian and mathematics, as well as the attitudes to these two languages, of a sample of non-Catalan speaking pupils of low sociocultural level in their fourth year of primary school. Some of the pupils had followed an immersion programme in Catalan, whereas others had approached Catalan through their habitual language (Castilian). The findings show that not only did the immersion pupils obtain significantly better results in L2 (Catalan), but their mother tongue (Castilian) competence was undiminished and their performance on the mathematics test was superior to that of the other group. Moreover, the findings indicate that in pupils starting out from less favourable conditions (a low sociocultural level and a low I.Q.) the effect of the educational approach variable is greater than in other cases

Espacios olvidados, lugares diferenciados: transformación social del espacio urbano en Bogotá (1850- 1880) = Forgotten Spaces, distinct places: Social transformation of urban space in Bogotá (1850-1880)

The purpose of this article is linked to some forms of recovery of social and urban spaces fallen into oblivion that are evident in the social transformation of urban space in Bogotá between 1850 and 1880.The following paper presents the preliminary results of the research entitled practices and social uses of water in Bogotá (1850-1888). The text links in first discussions about the understanding of the city as a drawing in space, moving to describe, the growth of the city, integrating its historical, social and cultural structuring

Design of Pulsed Electroacoustic Measurement System for Space Charge Characterisation

Pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is a commonly used non-destructive technique for investigating space charges. It has been developed since early 1980s. These days there is continuing interest for better understanding of the influence of space charge on the reliability of solid electrical insulation under high electric field. The PEA method is widely used for space charge profiling for its robust and relatively inexpensive features. The PEA technique relies on a voltage impulse used to temporarily disturb the space charge equilibrium in a dielectric. The acoustic wave is generated by charge movement in the sample and detected by means of a piezoelectric film. The spatial distribution of the space charge is contained within the detected signal. The principle of such a system is already well established, and several kinds of setups have been constructed for different measurement needs. This thesis presents the design of a PEA measurement system as a systems engineering project. The operating principle and some recent developments are summarised. The steps of electrical and mechanical design of the instrument are discussed. A common procedure for measuring space charges is explained and applied to verify the functionality of the system. The measurement system is provided as an additional basic research tool for the Corporate Research Centre of ABB (China) Ltd. It can be used to characterise flat samples with thickness of 0.2–0.5 mm under DC stress. The spatial resolution of the measurement is 20 μm.

Loss Modelling of Three-Level Inverters controlled with Space Vector Modulation Technique

The objective of this master’s thesis is to investigate the loss behavior of three-level ANPC inverter and compare it with conventional NPC inverter. The both inverters are controlled with mature space vector modulation strategy. In order to provide the comparison both accurate and detailed enough NPC and ANPC simulation models should be obtained. The similar control model of SVM is utilized for both NPC and ANPC inverter models. The principles of control algorithms, the structure and description of models are clarified. The power loss calculation model is based on practical calculation approaches with certain assumptions. The comparison between NPC and ANPC topologies is presented based on results obtained for each semiconductor device, their switching and conduction losses and efficiency of the inverters. Alternative switching states of ANPC topology allow distributing losses among the switches more evenly, than in NPC inverter. Obviously, the losses of a switching device depend on its position in the topology. Losses distribution among the components in ANPC topology allows reducing the stress on certain switches, thus losses are equally distributed among the semiconductors, however the efficiency of the inverters is the same. As a new contribution to earlier studies, the obtained models of SVM control, NPC and ANPC inverters have been built. Thus, this thesis can be used in further more complicated modelling of full-power converters for modern multi-megawatt wind energy conversion systems.

Quantum Tomography with Phase Space Measurements

This thesis addresses the use of covariant phase space observables in quantum tomography. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the informational completeness of covariant phase space observables are proved, and some state reconstruction formulae are derived. Different measurement schemes for measuring phase space observables are considered. Special emphasis is given to the quantum optical eight-port homodyne detection scheme and, in particular, on the effect of non-unit detector efficiencies on the measured observable. It is shown that the informational completeness of the observable does not depend on the efficiencies. As a related problem, the possibility of reconstructing the position and momentum distributions from the marginal statistics of a phase space observable is considered. It is shown that informational completeness for the phase space observable is neither necessary nor sufficient for this procedure. Two methods for determining the distributions from the marginal statistics are presented. Finally, two alternative methods for determining the state are considered. Some of their shortcomings when compared to the phase space method are discussed.

Muukalainen aviovuoteessa : I married a monster for outer space (1958) ja invaasioelokuvan sukupuolittuneet todellisuudet

Teemanumero 1/2011 : Kauhut ja pelot.

Jeg strikker, derfor er jeg! : læring og identitet i uformelle læringsrum

The dissertation ´I knit, therefore I am!´ Learning and identity in informal space has two main purposes. The first purpose being an investigation of how new value attributions and thinking can generate novel and usable knowledge to the field of craftsmanship, and the second purpose being a display of a different and overlooked philosophical and cultural potential in a reflexive mode of expression, which is able to reflect the normative comprehension of craftsmanship. The dissertation focuses on learning and identity in informal spaces of learning and how it is possible to relate such a learning perspective to crafts training in educational establishments. The empirical foundation of this dissertation is ‘craftivism’. In the dissertation activists from the Nordic countries have been interviewed about what they do when they put up their textile graffiti on lamp posts and house walls. Three research problems are presented: 1) What stories do people who work as crafts activists, tell about ways of relating and methods of action when they make crafts? 2) What do these stories tell about learning and identity? 3) How may the research results influence training and education in craftsmanship? These questions are being asked in order to acquire new knowledge in two aspects; first aspect being knowledge about crafts in relation to techniques, tradition and the objects in crafts, and the second aspect being knowledge about learning and identity in informal spaces of learning. The dissertations theoretical foundation is post structural and sociocultural combined with hermeneutical-inspired qualitative interviews. The author’s position and pre-understanding is subject to discussion in relation to the informant; the performing activist, as the background for both of them is craftsmanship. Starting from cultural studies, it is possible to see the activist subject’s conditions of possibilities in the culture, as the activism of the sub-cultural phenomenon’s craft lights up through a performing approach to the individual’s actions. First the research material has been analysed for events of textile graffiti and possible themes in the events, after which the results have been summarised. Next the research material has been analysed for events about learning and identity due to the author’s wish of comprehending the background of and motivational force in activism. The analysis is divided in main perspectives with different dimensions. The results of the analysis show the activist subject’s construction of an individual who actively takes part in a community by e.g. creating joy, changing the world’s perception of sustainability or by feminizing the public space. By taking crafts over the borders (and away from the class room) crafts become contextualized in a novel fashion thus obtaining an independent status. In this fashion the dissertation writes itself into a new method of comprehending and performing traditional craftsmanship techniques.

Analysis and validation of space averaged drag model for numerical simulations of gas-solid flows in fluidized beds

This thesis presents an approach for formulating and validating a space averaged drag model for coarse mesh simulations of gas-solid flows in fluidized beds using the two-fluid model. Proper modeling for fluid dynamics is central in understanding any industrial multiphase flow. The gas-solid flows in fluidized beds are heterogeneous and usually simulated with the Eulerian description of phases. Such a description requires the usage of fine meshes and small time steps for the proper prediction of its hydrodynamics. Such constraint on the mesh and time step size results in a large number of control volumes and long computational times which are unaffordable for simulations of large scale fluidized beds. If proper closure models are not included, coarse mesh simulations for fluidized beds do not give reasonable results. The coarse mesh simulation fails to resolve the mesoscale structures and results in uniform solids concentration profiles. For a circulating fluidized bed riser, such predicted profiles result in a higher drag force between the gas and solid phase and also overestimated solids mass flux at the outlet. Thus, there is a need to formulate the closure correlations which can accurately predict the hydrodynamics using coarse meshes. This thesis uses the space averaging modeling approach in the formulation of closure models for coarse mesh simulations of the gas-solid flow in fluidized beds using Geldart group B particles. In the analysis of formulating the closure correlation for space averaged drag model, the main parameters for the modeling were found to be the averaging size, solid volume fraction, and distance from the wall. The closure model for the gas-solid drag force was formulated and validated for coarse mesh simulations of the riser, which showed the verification of this modeling approach. Coarse mesh simulations using the corrected drag model resulted in lowered values of solids mass flux. Such an approach is a promising tool in the formulation of appropriate closure models which can be used in coarse mesh simulations of large scale fluidized beds.

Adaptação sociocultural do short personal experiences questionnaire (SPEQ) no Brasil

OBJETIVO: traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o Short Personal Experiences Questionnaire (SPEQ) para a língua portuguesa, no Brasil, em mulheres climatéricas. MÉTODOS: a versão original do questionário, em inglês, proveniente da Universidade de Melbourne (Austrália), inicialmente foi traduzida para a língua portuguesa e retraduzida ao inglês. Procedeu-se, então, à adaptação sociocultural do vocabulário e da construção linguística para melhor compreensão. O questionário foi então aplicado para pré-teste em 50 mulheres, em etapas sucessivas, até que não houvesse mais dúvidas. A versão final do instrumento adaptado foi utilizada em estudo de base populacional, autorrespondido anonimamente por 378 mulheres pesquisadas, entre 40 e 65 anos e com 11 anos ou mais de escolaridade, nascidas no Brasil. Foi aplicada uma análise de confiabilidade (consistência interna, pelo alfa de Cronbach), uma análise de validade do construto (correlação de pares de itens que compõem o SPEQ e cada um destes com os quatro fatores obtidos e com o escore total), e uma análise de validade de critério (correlação entre os quatro fatores obtidos com o escore de classificação geral da vida sexual). RESULTADOS: cento e oitenta mulheres responderam a todas as perguntas do SPEQ e foram incluídas na análise. A consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach) para os nove itens do SPEQ situou-se entre 0,55 e 0,77 e o alfa geral foi 0,68. Na análise de validade do construto, a maioria dos coeficientes de correlação se mostrou significativo (valores p<0,005). A análise de validade de critério mostrou coeficientes de correlação significativos em sua maior parte. CONCLUSÕES: a versão em português do instrumento SPEQ, após processo de adaptação, mostrou-se útil e adequada para levantar informações relativas à função sexual e dispareunia em mulheres brasileiras entre 40 e 65 anos e com 11 anos ou mais de escolaridade.

Reflexive Space. A Constructionist Model of the Russian Reflexive Marker

This study examines the structure of the Russian Reflexive Marker ( ся/-сь) and offers a usage-based model building on Construction Grammar and a probabilistic view of linguistic structure. Traditionally, reflexive verbs are accounted for relative to non-reflexive verbs. These accounts assume that linguistic structures emerge as pairs. Furthermore, these accounts assume directionality where the semantics and structure of a reflexive verb can be derived from the non-reflexive verb. However, this directionality does not necessarily hold diachronically. Additionally, the semantics and the patterns associated with a particular reflexive verb are not always shared with the non-reflexive verb. Thus, a model is proposed that can accommodate the traditional pairs as well as for the possible deviations without postulating different systems. A random sample of 2000 instances marked with the Reflexive Marker was extracted from the Russian National Corpus and the sample used in this study contains 819 unique reflexive verbs. This study moves away from the traditional pair account and introduces the concept of Neighbor Verb. A neighbor verb exists for a reflexive verb if they share the same phonological form excluding the Reflexive Marker. It is claimed here that the Reflexive Marker constitutes a system in Russian and the relation between the reflexive and neighbor verbs constitutes a cross-paradigmatic relation. Furthermore, the relation between the reflexive and the neighbor verb is argued to be of symbolic connectivity rather than directionality. Effectively, the relation holding between particular instantiations can vary. The theoretical basis of the present study builds on this assumption. Several new variables are examined in order to systematically model variability of this symbolic connectivity, specifically the degree and strength of connectivity between items. In usage-based models, the lexicon does not constitute an unstructured list of items. Instead, items are assumed to be interconnected in a network. This interconnectedness is defined as Neighborhood in this study. Additionally, each verb carves its own niche within the Neighborhood and this interconnectedness is modeled through rhyme verbs constituting the degree of connectivity of a particular verb in the lexicon. The second component of the degree of connectivity concerns the status of a particular verb relative to its rhyme verbs. The connectivity within the neighborhood of a particular verb varies and this variability is quantified by using the Levenshtein distance. The second property of the lexical network is the strength of connectivity between items. Frequency of use has been one of the primary variables in functional linguistics used to probe this. In addition, a new variable called Constructional Entropy is introduced in this study building on information theory. It is a quantification of the amount of information carried by a particular reflexive verb in one or more argument constructions. The results of the lexical connectivity indicate that the reflexive verbs have statistically greater neighborhood distances than the neighbor verbs. This distributional property can be used to motivate the traditional observation that the reflexive verbs tend to have idiosyncratic properties. A set of argument constructions, generalizations over usage patterns, are proposed for the reflexive verbs in this study. In addition to the variables associated with the lexical connectivity, a number of variables proposed in the literature are explored and used as predictors in the model. The second part of this study introduces the use of a machine learning algorithm called Random Forests. The performance of the model indicates that it is capable, up to a degree, of disambiguating the proposed argument construction types of the Russian Reflexive Marker. Additionally, a global ranking of the predictors used in the model is offered. Finally, most construction grammars assume that argument construction form a network structure. A new method is proposed that establishes generalization over the argument constructions referred to as Linking Construction. In sum, this study explores the structural properties of the Russian Reflexive Marker and a new model is set forth that can accommodate both the traditional pairs and potential deviations from it in a principled manner.

Plan B from Outer Space - InsomniaGame-pelin suunnittelu ja toteutus 2010–2011

InsomniaGame oli Turun yliopiston digitaalisen kulttuurin oppiaineen ja Insomnia verkkopeliyhdistyksen yhteistyössä vuosina 2010 ja 2011 toteuttama pelikonseptikokeilu. InsomniaGame oli osa laajempaa ”CoEx: Yhteisöllistä tekemistä tukevat tilat kokemusten jakamisessa” kaksivuotista (1.10.2009–31.12.2011) hanketta, jonka toteuttivat yhteistyössä Turun yliopiston Porin yksikkö, Tampereen teknillisen yliopiston Porin yksikkö ja Tampereen yliopisto. Hankkeen tavoitteena oli toteuttaa sosiaalista mediaa, yhteisöllisyyttä ja lisättyä todellisuutta hyödyntäviä virtuaalisia ja julkisia tiloja, joissa käyttäjät voivat jakaa kokemuksia. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan soveltava pro gradu -tutkielma, joka sisältää kaksi vuotta kestäneen ja kaksi pelisovellusta sisältävän työosuuden. InsomniaGame koostui erilaisista pelaajien suorittamista tehtävistä, pelialustasta sekä taustatarinasta. Päätutkimuskysymykset ovat: Mitkä tekijät vaikuttivat pelisuunnitteluprosessiin ja miten? Työ esittelee InsomniaGame-pelin kehityksen. Erityistarkastelussa ovat suunnitteluprosessin ja pelin sisällölliset muutokset sekä niihin vaikuttaneet tekijät. Pelin kehitys perustui pääasiassa erilaisiin dokumentteihin, joita käytettiin suunnittelun apuvälineenä sekä viestinnässä projektin eri toimijoiden kesken. Tutkimus pyrkii syntyneiden dokumenttien sekä pelisuunnittelijoiden muistin perusteella rekonstruoimaan InsomniaGame-pelisovelluksen kehityskaaren. InsomniaGamen kehityksessä oli monia tekijöitä, jotka muuttuivat sen kehityskaaren aikana. Itse pelin sisältö, kuten myös suunnittelutapa, muuttuivat kahden vuoden aikana huomattavasti. Pelillä oli myös monia erityispiirteitä, jotka tekevät sen kehityksestä ainutlaatuisen, sillä esimerkiksi pelin testaaminen yhtenä kokonaisuutena oli mahdotonta. Lisäksi peli oli tutkimus- ja yhteistyöprojekti, jossa oli mukana monia eri toimijoita ja erityisesti tutkimuksessa korostuu yhteistyökumppani Insomnia verkkopeliyhdistyksen osallisuus. InsomniaGamen kummankaan vuoden toteutus ei sujunut odotetulla tavalla, mikä osaltaan vaikutti etenkin jälkimmäisen vuoden pelin suunnitteluun. Varsinainen suunnittelutyö kuitenkin eteni ensimmäisenä vuonna käytetyn mallin mukaisesti, mutta kuitenkin niin että alkuperäiset oletukset pelisuunnittelusta ja lopputuloksesta muuttuivat. Tämän vuoksi peliprojektia voi paikoitellen luonnehtia jopa kaoottiseksi, ja erityisesti toteutusvaiheessa jouduttiin luomaan nopealla aikataululla uusia toimintamalleja. Työ toimii mallina tuleville peliprojekteille, mutta erityisen tärkeää olisi luoda yhtenäinen kehitysalusta vastaavanlaisia projekteja varten.