CO2 concentration and stable isotope ratios of three Antarctic ice cores covering the period from 149.4 - 1.5 kyr before 1950

We present new d13C measurements of atmospheric CO2 covering the last glacial/interglacial cycle, complementing previous records covering Terminations I and II. Most prominent in the new record is a significant depletion in d13C(atm) of 0.5 permil occurring during marine isotope stage (MIS) 4, followed by an enrichment of the same magnitude at the beginning of MIS 3. Such a significant excursion in the record is otherwise only observed at glacial terminations, suggesting that similar processes were at play, such as changing sea surface temperatures, changes in marine biological export in the Southern Ocean (SO) due to variations in aeolian iron fluxes, changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, upwelling of deep water in the SO, and long-term trends in terrestrial carbon storage. Based on previous modeling studies, we propose constraints on some of these processes during specific time intervals. The decrease in d13C(atm) at the end of MIS 4 starting approximately 64 kyr B.P. was accompanied by increasing [CO2]. This period is also marked by a decrease in aeolian iron flux to the SO, followed by an increase in SO upwelling during Heinrich event 6, indicating that it is likely that a large amount of d13C-depleted carbon was transferred to the deep oceans previously, i.e., at the onset of MIS 4. Apart from the upwelling event at the end of MIS 4 (and potentially smaller events during Heinrich events in MIS 3), upwelling of deep water in the SO remained reduced until the last glacial termination, whereupon a second pulse of isotopically light carbon was released into the atmosphere.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the Swedish Deep Sea Expedition

The cores and dredges described in this report were taken during the Swedish Deep Sea Expedition from July 1947 until October 1948 aboard the S/S Albatross (Boström). A total of 370 cores and trawls during this World circumnavigation.

Paradigm shift in determining Neoproterozoic atmospheric oxygen

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the Geological Survey of Australia for permission to sample the Empress 1A and Lancer 1 cores, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for financial support (grant #7961–15) of U. Brand, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China for support of F. Meng and P. Ni (grants 41473039 and 4151101015). We thank M. Lozon (Brock University) for drafting and constructing the figures. We thank the editor, Brendan Murphy, as well as three reviewers (Steve Kesler, Erik Sperling, and an anonymous reviewer), for improving the manuscript into its final form ©The Authors Gold Open Access: This paper is published under the terms of the CC-BY license.

Increase in soil organic carbon by agricultural intensification in northern China

Acknowledgements. This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 31370527 and 31261140367) and the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (no. 2012BAD14B01-2). The authors gratefully thank the Huantai Agricultural Station for providing of the Soil Fertility Survey data. We also thank Zheng Liang from China Agricultural University for the soil sampling and analysis in 2011. Thanks are extended to Jessica Bellarby for helpful discussion and suggestions.

Perforated exit regions for the reduction of micro-pressure waves from tunnels

The authors are grateful to the following bodies that provided financial support for the project: (i) China Scholarship Council (20117 00029), (ii) National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. U1334201) and (iii) UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant no. EP/G069441/1).

Perforated exit regions for the reduction of micro-pressure waves from tunnels

The authors are grateful to the following bodies that provided financial support for the project: (i) China Scholarship Council (20117 00029), (ii) National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. U1334201) and (iii) UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant no. EP/G069441/1).

Biosynthesis of neocarazostatin A reveals the sequential carbazole prenylation and hydroxylation in the tailoring steps

Acknowledgments Y.Y. acknowledges the financial support from “973” Program (2012CB721006) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570033). R.E., K.K., H.D., and M.J. acknowledge the financial support of the Leverhulme Trust-Royal Society Africa Award (AA090088).

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family in arthropods : cloning and expression analysis of two MIF and one D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) homologues in Mud crabs, Scylla paramamosain

5. Acknowledgements This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31172438 and U1205123), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. 2012J06008 and 201311180002) and the projects-sponsored by SRF. TW received funding from the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland) funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions.

Perforated tunnel exit regions and micro-pressure waves : geometrical influence

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to the following bodies that provided financial support for the project: (i) China Scholarship Council, (ii) National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1334201 and (iii) UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant No. EP/G069441/1).

Biological fluorination from the sea : discovery of a SAM-dependent nucleophilic fluorinating enzyme from the marine-derived bacterium Streptomyces xinghaiensis NRRL B24674

We thank Prof. David O’Hagan and Dr Qingzhi Zhang (University of St Andrews, UK) for their helpful discussion and for providing the synthetic 50 -FDA sample. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81503086), a starting funding (No. 20140520) from Tianjin University of Science & Technology, a research funding of “1000 Talents Plan” of Tianjin (to LM) and Foundation of Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology (No. 2015IM106)

The ciliary GTPase Arl13b regulates cell migration and cell cycle progression

Funding This work was supported by grants from British Council China (Sino-UK higher Education for PhD studies) to YD and CM, The Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland (70190) and The NHS Grampian Endowment Funds (14/09) to BL, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31528011) to BL and YD.

The permafrost carbon inventory on the Tibetan Plateau : a new evaluation using deep sediment cores

Acknowledgements We are grateful for Dr. Jens Strauss and the other two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on an earlier version of this MS, and appreciate members of the IBCAS Sampling Campaign Teams for their assistance in field investigation. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change (2014CB954001 and 2015CB954201), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31322011 and 41371213), and the Thousand Young Talents Program.

The effect of randomness for dependency map on the robustness of interdependent lattices

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61573067 and 61472045), the Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project (Grant No. YETP0449), the Asia Foresight Program under NSFC Grant (Grant No. 61411146001), and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 4142016).

Bifurcation and dynamic response analysis of a rotating blade excited by upstream vortices

Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the projects supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Project)(No. 2015CB057405) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11372082) and the State Scholarship Fund of CSC. DW thanks for the hospitality of the University of Aberdeen.

Soil water dynamics and availability for citrus and peanut along a hillslope at the Sunjia Red Soil Critical Zone Observatory (CZO)

Acknowledgments This work was granted by the China-UK jointed Red Soil Critical Zone project from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC: 41571130053; 41301233) and from Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC: Code: NE/N007611/1), and by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2011BAD31B04). We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.