Efectividad del tratamiento inmunomodulador con leucocitos alogénicos, en aborto involuntario recurrente. Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

Dentro del marco del aborto involuntario recurrente (AIR), se han propuesto causas autoinmunes y alogénicas, e implementación de terapias como la inmunización activa con leucocitos alogénicos de la pareja o de donantes. La evidencia disponible en cuanto a la efectividad de estos tratamientos es contradictoria, por lo que se desea realizar una revisión sistemática para evaluar la efectividad de la inmunización activa con leucocitos alogénicos de la pareja o de donantes para esta condición. Se realizó un estudio tipo revisión sistemática de la literatura, usando las siguientes bases de datos: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library y Scielo. Se realizó una búsqueda a través del registro de ensayos clínicos del Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Estados Unidos (www.clinicaltrials.gov) y, una búsqueda manual a través de las referencias de los estudios seleccionados siguiendo la estrategia de bola de nieve. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos y estudios de cohorte analítica, en idioma inglés y español. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo de la información por medio de un metaanálisis. El tratamiento inmunomodulador con linfocitos puede considerarse como una terapia efectiva para mantener la gestación y lograr recién nacido vivo según resultados estadísticos; sin embargo la calidad de los estudios incluidos es baja, por lo que no se aconseja para la práctica rutinaria. Se sugiere la realización de estudios con metodologías robustas y que apoyen los resultados presentados en esta investigación.

CUCUT : maternal y preescolar : libro del maestro.

Sólo se tiene el libro del maestro

Primeras huellas : el lenguaje plástico visual en el Jardín Maternal.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Estatuto jurídico del personal docente, directivo y de inspección de la escuela maternal, elemental, secundaria y artística del estado.

Se reproducen los Títulos primero y segundo del Decreto número 417 del Estatuto jurídico del personal docente, directivo y de inspección de la escuela maternal, elemental, secundaria y artística del Estado italiano, que comprenden veintitrés artículos en total. El Título primero se refiere a la Función docente, directiva y de inspección y el Título segundo se refiere al reclutamiento del personal, las normas generales de reclutamiento a través de oposiciones y exámenes y a través de oposiciones para titulados, únicamente.

Decreto sobre institución y reforma de los órganos colegiados de la escuela maternal, elemental, secundaria y artística (31 mayo de 1974).

Transcripción íntegra del texto del Decreto sobre institución y reforma de los órganos colegiados de la escuela maternal, elemental, secundaria y artística en Italia. Este Decreto tiene dos Títulos. El Título 1, hace referencia a la comunidad escolar y comprende: Capítulo I: Los órganos colegiales de escuela y de instituto. Capítulo II: Los órganos colegiales de distrito. Capítulo III: Los órganos colegiales provinciales. Capítulo IV: Los órganos colegiales nacionales. Capítulo V: Normas comunes. Capítulo VI: Normas particulares y transitorias. El Título II, hace referencia a las Asambleas de Alumnos y de Padres. En total, comprenden 45 artículos sobre centros escolares e institutos, órganos colegiales, el consejo interclases, profesores, consejo de escuela y junta directiva, determinación de distritos, funciones del consejo escolar, el consejo nacional de instrucción pública, elecciones, lista de candidatos del personal docente, desarrollo de elecciones, autonomía administrativa, inspección escolar, escuela maternal y asambleas de alumnos, entre otros muchos.

A formação inicial dos Professores do Ensino Primário no Portugal do Século XX (1942-2000). Do modelo maternal ao modelo profissional

Pensamos com este nosso trabalho de investigação contribuir para o estudo da formação inicial dos professores do ensino primário/professores do 1º ciclo do ensino básico (1942-2000), tomando como eixo a evolução dos conceitos educação, professor, aprendizagem, sintetizados no modelo maternal, em que a professora governava a sua classe como a mãe a sua família e no modelo profissional que faz do professor um expert e insiste na sua competência, quer a nível dos saberes, quer a nível das técnicas pedagógicas. Escolhemos como referente inicial do nosso estudo o ano de 1942, data em que, pelo decreto-lei nº 32 243 de 5 de Setembro de 1942, são reabertas as Escolas do Magistério Primário em Lisboa, Porto, Coimbra e Braga. Escolhemos como referente final do nosso estudo o ano de 2000, fecho de século e milénio que, na formação inicial de professores, inseriu os primeiros professores do 1º ciclo do ensino básico com licenciatura (decreto-lei nº 115, de 19 de Setembro de 1997). No percurso da formação inicial dos professores do Ensino Primário, da reabertura das Escolas do Magistério Primário (1942), à instituição das Escolas Superiores de Educação (1986), à promulgação do Estatuto da Carreira Docente (1990), à exigência do grau de licenciatura na formação inicial dos professores do 1º ciclo (1997) questionamos: - Que conceitos de educação, professor e aprendizagem estão presentes na formação inicial realizada em Escolas do Magistério Primário e Escolas Superiores de Educação? - Que transformações sofrem estes conceitos com a adopção de novos modelos de formação inicial experimentados a partir da Revolução Portuguesa de 25 de Abril de 1974?

Maternal label and gesture use affects acquisition of specific object names

Ten mothers were observed prospectively, interacting with their infants aged 0 ; 10 in two contexts (picture description and noun description). Maternal communicative behaviours were coded for volubility, gestural production and labelling style. Verbal labelling events were categorized into three exclusive categories: label only; label plus deictic gesture; label plus iconic gesture. We evaluated the predictive relations between maternal communicative style and children's subsequent acquisition of ten target nouns. Strong relations were observed between maternal communicative style and children's acquisition of the target nouns. Further, even controlling for maternal volubility and maternal labelling, maternal use of iconic gestures predicted the timing of acquisition of nouns in comprehension. These results support the proposition that maternal gestural input facilitates linguistic development, and suggest that such facilitation may be a function of gesture type.

A maternal influence on the conditioning to plant cues of Aphidius colemani Viereck, parasitizing the aphid Myzus persicae Sulzer

The offspring of parasitoids, Aphidius colemani Viereck, reared on Brussels sprouts and emerging from Myzus persicae Sulzer on a fully defined artificial diet, show no preferences in a four-way olfactometer, either for the odour of the diet, the odour of Brussels sprouts, or the odour of two other crucifers (cabbage and Chinese cabbage). A similar lack of odour preferences is shown when the host aphids are exposed for parasitization (for 48 h) on cabbage, Chinese cabbage or wheat. However, if parasitization occurs on Brussels sprouts, a weak but statistically highly significant response to Brussels sprout odour is observed. Although as many as 30-35% of the parasitoids show no response to any odour, another 35% respond positively to the odour of Brussels sprout compared with responses to the odours of cabbage, Chinese cabbage or wheat of only approximately 10%. An analagous result is obtained when the parent parasitoids are reared on cabbage. In this case, significant positive responses of their offspring to cabbage odour occur only if the 48-h parasitization has occurred also on cabbage. However, with parasitoids from Brussels sprouts parasitizing the aphids for 48 h also on Brussels sprouts, the offspring subsequently emerging from pupae excised from the mummies show no preference for Brussels sprout odour. Thus, although the Brussels sprout cue had been experienced early in the development of the parasitoids, they only become conditioned to it when emerging from the mummy. Both male and female parasitoids respond very similarly in all experiments. It is proposed that the chemical cue (probably glucosinolates in these experiments) is most likely in the silk surrounding the parasitoid pupa, and that the mother may leave the chemical in or around the egg at oviposition, inducing chemical defences in her offspring to the secondary plant compounds that the offspring are likely to encounter.

The measurement of maternal plasma corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF-binding protein improves the early prediction of preeclampsia

In the present study we measured maternal plasma concentrations of two placental neurohormones, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF-binding protein (CRF-BP), in 58 at-risk pregnant women consecutively enrolled between 28 and 29 wk of pregnancy to evaluate whether their evaluation may predict third trimester-onset preeclampsia ( PE). The statistical significance was assessed by t test. The cut-off points for defining altered CRF and CRF-BP levels for prediction of PE were chosen by receiving operator characteristics curve analysis, and the probability of developing PE was calculated for several combinations of hormone testing results. CRF and CRF-BP levels were significantly ( both P < 0.0001) higher and lower, respectively, in the patients (n = 20) who later developed PE than in those who did not present PE at follow-up. CRF at the cut-off 425.95 pmol/liter achieved a sensitivity of 94.8% and a specificity of 96.9%, whereas CRF-BP at the cut-off 125.8 nmol/liter combined a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 82.5% as single markers for prediction of PE. The probability of PE was 34.5% in the whole study population, 93.75% when both CRF and CRF-BP levels were changed, and 0% if both hormone markers were unaltered. The measurement of CRF and CRF-BP levels may add significant prognostic information for predicting PE in at-risk pregnant women.

Therapeutic patents for the treatment of pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific syndrome that is a principal cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, accounting for almost 15% of pregnancy-associated deaths. In its mild form, PE most commonly presents with the features of maternal hypertension and proteinuria but can swiftly and unpredictably become severe with many extensive and life-threatening complications. The diverse symptoms of PE have made it a difficult disease not only to define, but also to identify a causative agent for the symptoms. It has therefore proved difficult to develop specific drugs that can be used to manage the condition. This review examines the patent literature to reveal current findings that exhibit the potential to target the effects of PE with the aim of either preventing or altering the course of this life-threatening disease of pregnancy.