State Aid and Public Service Broadcasting How Future-proof is the Remit of Public Broadcasting Organisations? IES WORKING PAPER 1/2009

The European Commission’s interference through state aid rules with the Member States’ support for public service broadcasting is not undisputed. Member States, public broadcasters and numerous academics fear that State aid control might limit the public service remit and, hence, the multi-platform and holistic role of public broadcasters in the converging media industries. This paper assesses to what extent the fear for Commission intervention is, indeed, justified. It starts with the assumption that the transformation from public service broadcasting to public service media is vital for the European democratic society. The paper leads to the observation that, in fact, European State aid policy might contribute to such a necessary and urgent transformation, instead of threatening it. The paper consists of three main parts. Firstly, the legal constraints and margins of the Community’s State aid framework are discussed. Secondly, the application of the rules to a selection of public broadcasting cases is analyzed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn from the analysis.

JAABA: interactive machine learning for automatic annotation of animal behavior

We present a machine learning-based system for automatically computing interpretable, quantitative measures of animal behavior. Through our interactive system, users encode their intuition about behavior by annotating a small set of video frames. These manual labels are converted into classifiers that can automatically annotate behaviors in screen-scale data sets. Our general-purpose system can create a variety of accurate individual and social behavior classifiers for different organisms, including mice and adult and larval Drosophila.

The development of UTCS/NETSIM/ICG: an integrated urban traffic control system - network simulation - interactive computer graphics program. Final report.

Transportation Department, Office of University Research, Washington, D.C.

Interactive simulation of the fate of hazardous chemicals during land treatment of oily wastes : RITZ user's guide /

Mode of access: Internet.

Development of an interactive system to study sub-lethal effects of pollutants on the behavior of organisms /

"Grant no. R803244."

Data base analyzer and parameter estimator (DBAPE) interactive computer program user's manual /

Mode of access: Internet.

A user's guide to ISRP : the Interactive Survey Reduction Program /

"November 1984."

Principles and practices of network radio broadcasting;

Mode of access: Internet.

Analytical modeling of driver response in crash avoidance maneuvering. Volume II: an interactive tire model for driver/vehicle simulation. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

OPTREG - an interactive computer program for optimization and regression. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Network broadcasting : report pursuant to section 136 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, Public Law 601, 79th Congress, and House resolution 99, 85th Congress

Mode of access: Internet.

Conceptual plan for an interactive highway safety design model. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety and Traffic Operations Research and Development, McLean Va.