Evolving and coevolving computer go players using neuroevolution.

The Go game is ancient very complex game with simple rules which still is a challenge for the AI.This work cover some neuroevolution techniques used in reinforcement learning applied to the GO game as SANE (Symbiotic Adaptive Neuro-Evolution) and presents a variation to this method with the intention of evolving better strategies in the game. The computer Go player based in SANE is evolved againts a knowed player which creates some problem as determinism for which is proposed the co-evolution. Finally, it is introduced an algorithm to co-evolve two populations of neurons to evolve better computer Go players.

Comparing fuzzy and intelligent PI controllers in stop-and-go manoeuvres

The aim of this work was twofold: on the one hand, to describe a comparative study of two intelligent control techniques-fuzzy and intelligent proportional-integral (PI) control, and on the other, to try to provide an answer to an as yet unsolved topic in the automotive sector-stop-and-go control in urban environments at very low speeds. Commercial vehicles exhibit nonlinear behavior and therefore constitute an excellent platform on which to check the controllers. This paper describes the design, tuning, and evaluation of the controllers performing actions on the longitudinal control of a car-the throttle and brake pedals-to accomplish stop-and-go manoeuvres. They are tested in two steps. First, a simulation model is used to design and tune the controllers, and second, these controllers are implemented in the commercial vehicle-which has automatic driving capabilities-to check their behavior. A stop-and-go manoeuvre is implemented with the two control techniques using two cooperating vehicles.

Diseño e implementación de funcionalidades OpenMP, basadas en modelos de concurrencia desarrollados en lenguaje Go

A raíz de la aparición de los procesadores dotados de varios “cores”, la programación paralela, un concepto que, por otra parte no era nada nuevo y se conocía desde hace décadas, sufrió un nuevo impulso, pues se creía que se podía superar el techo tecnológico que había estado limitando el rendimiento de esta programación durante años. Este impulso se ha ido manteniendo hasta la actualidad, movido por la necesidad de sistemas cada vez más potentes y gracias al abaratamiento de los costes de fabricación. Esta tendencia ha motivado la aparición de nuevo software y lenguajes con componentes orientados precisamente al campo de la programación paralela. Este es el caso del lenguaje Go, desarrollado por Google y lanzado en 2009. Este lenguaje se basa en modelos de concurrencia que lo hacen muy adecuados para abordar desarrollos de naturaleza paralela. Sin embargo, la programación paralela es un campo complejo y heterogéneo, y los programadores son reticentes a utilizar herramientas nuevas, en beneficio de aquellas que ya conocen y les son familiares. Un buen ejemplo son aquellas implementaciones de lenguajes conocidos, pero orientadas a programación paralela, y que siguen las directrices de un estándar ampliamente reconocido y aceptado. Este es el caso del estándar OpenMP, un Interfaz de Programación de Aplicaciones (API) flexible, portable y escalable, orientado a la programación paralela multiproceso en arquitecturas multi-core o multinucleo. Dicho estándar posee actualmente implementaciones en los lenguajes C, C++ y Fortran. Este proyecto nace como un intento de aunar ambos conceptos: un lenguaje emergente con interesantes posibilidades en el campo de la programación paralela, y un estándar reputado y ampliamente extendido, con el que los programadores se encuentran familiarizados. El objetivo principal es el desarrollo de un conjunto de librerías del sistema (que engloben directivas de compilación o pragmas, librerías de ejecución y variables de entorno), soportadas por las características y los modelos de concurrencia propios de Go; y que añadan funcionalidades propias del estándar OpenMP. La idea es añadir funcionalidades que permitan programar en lenguaje Go utilizando la sintaxis que OpenMP proporciona para otros lenguajes, como Fortan y C/C++ (concretamente, similar a esta última), y, de esta forma, dotar al usuario de Go de herramientas para programar estructuras de procesamiento paralelo de forma sencilla y transparente, de la misma manera que lo haría utilizando C/C++.---ABSTRACT---As a result of the appearance of processors equipped with multiple "cores ", parallel programming, a concept which, moreover, it was not new and it was known for decades, suffered a new impulse, because it was believed they could overcome the technological ceiling had been limiting the performance of this program for years. This impulse has been maintained until today, driven by the need for ever more powerful systems and thanks to the decrease in manufacturing costs. This trend has led to the emergence of new software and languages with components guided specifically to the field of parallel programming. This is the case of Go language, developed by Google and released in 2009. This language is based on concurrency models that make it well suited to tackle developments in parallel nature. However, parallel programming is a complex and heterogeneous field, and developers are reluctant to use new tools to benefit those who already know and are familiar. A good example are those implementations from well-known languages, but parallel programming oriented, and witch follow the guidelines of a standard widely recognized and accepted. This is the case of the OpenMP standard, an application programming interface (API), flexible, portable and scalable, parallel programming oriented, and designed for multi-core architectures. This standard currently has implementations in C, C ++ and Fortran. This project was born as an attempt to combine two concepts: an emerging language, with interesting possibilities in the field of parallel programming, and a reputed and widespread standard, with which programmers are familiar with. The main objective is to develop a set of system libraries (which includes compiler directives or pragmas, runtime libraries and environment variables), supported by the characteristics and concurrency patterns of Go; and that add custom features from the OpenMP standard. The idea is to add features that allow programming in Go language using the syntax OpenMP provides for other languages, like Fortran and C / C ++ (specifically, similar to the latter ), and, in this way, provide Go users with tools for programming parallel structures easily and, in the same way they would using C / C ++.

Go protein-dependent survival of primary accessory olfactory neurons

Extensive G protein-coupled receptor families in both the main and accessory olfactory systems have been implicated in axonal targeting, sensory function, and cell survival. Although sensory function seems to be mediated by G proteins, axonal guidance and cell survival may be G protein-independent processes. In the accessory olfactory system, the Go-containing neurons in the basal vomeronasal organ (VNO) project to the posterior accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), whereas more apically located VNO neurons contain Gi2 and project to the anterior AOB. Herein, we investigate the organization of the accessory olfactory system in mice with a targeted deletion in the Goα gene. The accessory olfactory system seems normal at birth; however, postnatally, the number of Go-receptor-containing VNO neurons decreases by half, and apoptotic neurons are detected. The axons of VNO neurons remain restricted to the posterior AOB. The posterior AOB is reduced in size but contains a synaptophysin-positive layer with the normal number of glomeruli. The posterior AOB has reduced mitral cell c-Fos immunoreactivity, consistent with decreased sensory activation of Go protein-coupled VNO receptor neurons. Thus, in the accessory olfactory system, receptor-coupled G proteins are required for cell survival.

Enhanced activity of adenine-DNA glycosylase (Myh) by apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ape1) in mammalian base excision repair of an A/GO mismatch

Adenine-DNA glycosylase MutY of Escherichia coli catalyzes the cleavage of adenine when mismatched with 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (GO), an oxidatively damaged base. The biological outcome is the prevention of C/G→A/T transversions. The molecular mechanism of base excision repair (BER) of A/GO in mammals is not well understood. In this study we report stimulation of mammalian adenine-DNA glycosylase activity by apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease using murine homolog of MutY (Myh) and human AP endonuclease (Ape1), which shares 94% amino acid identity with its murine homolog Apex. After removal of adenine by the Myh glycosylase activity, intact AP DNA remains due to lack of an efficient Myh AP lyase activity. The study of wild-type Ape1 and its catalytic mutant H309N demonstrates that Ape1 catalytic activity is required for formation of cleaved AP DNA. It also appears that Ape1 stimulates Myh glycosylase activity by increasing formation of the Myh–DNA complex. This stimulation is independent of the catalytic activity of Ape1. Consequently, Ape1 preserves the Myh preference for A/GO over A/G and improves overall glycosylase efficiency. Our study suggests that protein–protein interactions may occur in vivo to achieve efficient BER of A/GO.

Most central nervous system D2 dopamine receptors are coupled to their effectors by Go

We reported previously that Go-deficient mice develop severe neurological defects that include hyperalgesia, a generalized tremor, lack of coordination, and a turning syndrome somewhat reminiscent of unilateral lesions of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal pathway. By using frozen coronal sections of serially sectioned brains of normal and Go-deficient mice, we studied the ability of several G protein coupled receptors to promote binding of GTPγS to G proteins and the ability of GTP to promote a shift in the affinity of D2 dopamine receptor for its physiologic agonist dopamine. We found a generalized, but not abolished reduction in agonist-stimulated binding of GTPγS to frozen brain sections, with no significant left–right differences. Unexpectedly, the ability of GTP to regulate the binding affinity of dopamine to D2 receptors (as seen in in situ [35S]sulpiride displacement curves) that was robust in control mice, was absent in Go-deficient mice. The data suggest that most of the effects of the Gi/Go-coupled D2 receptors in the central nervous system are mediated by Go instead of Gi1, Gi2, or Gi3. In agreement with this, the effect of GTP on dopamine binding to D2 receptors in double Gi1 plus Gi2- and Gi1 plus Gi3-deficient mice was essentially unaffected.