Percentiles de grasa corporal por bioimpedancia eléctrica en niños y adolescentes de Bogotá, Colombia: Estudio FUPRECOL

Objetivo: Recientemente, se han propuesto varios dispositivos de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) para la estimación rápida de la grasa corporal. Sin embargo, no han sido publicadas referencias de grasa corporal para niños y adolescentes en población Colombiana. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer percentiles de grasa corporal por BIA en niños y adolescentes de Bogotá, Colombia de entre 9 y 17.9 años, pertenecientes al estudio FUPRECOL. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en 2.526 niños y 3.324 adolescentes de entre 9 y 17.9 años de edad, pertenecientes a instituciones educativas oficiales de Bogotá, Colombia. El porcentaje de grasa corporal fue medido con Tanita® Analizador de Composición Corporal (Modelo BF-689), según edad y sexo. Se tomaron medidas de peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura, circunferencia de cadera y estado de maduración sexual por auto-reporte. Se calcularon los percentiles (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90 y P97) y curvas centiles por el método LMS según sexo y edad y se realizó una comparación entre los valores de la CC observados con estándares internacionales. Resultados: Se presentan valores de porcentaje de grasa corporal y las curvas de percentiles. En la mayoría de los grupos etáreos la grasa corporal de las chicas fue mayor a la de los chicos. Sujetos cuyo porcentaje de grasa corporal estaba por encima del percentil 90 de la distribución estándar normal se consideró que tenían un elevado riesgo cardiovascular (chicos desde 23,4-28,3 y chicas desde 31,0-34,1). En general, nuestros porcentajes de grasa corporal fueron inferiores a los valores de Turquía, Alemania, Grecia, España y Reino Unido. Conclusiones: Se presentan percentiles del porcentaje de grasa por BIA según edad y sexo que podrán ser usados de referencia en la evaluación del estado nutricional y en la predicción del riesgo cardiovascular desde edades tempranas.

Endocarditis infecciosa por Staphylococcus Aureus Meticilino sensible y resistente en la Fundación Cardioinfantil – Instituto de Cardiología

Introducción y objetivos: La endocarditis infecciosa (EI) es una enfermedad grave producida por diversos gérmenes que afectan las válvulas cardiacas y el tejido endomiocárdico. El objetivo fue describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, ecocardiográficas y microbiológicas de la endocarditis infecciosa por Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) meticilino sensible y resistente de la Fundación Cardioinfantil – Instituto de Cardiología (FCI-IC) en el periodo de tiempo 2010- 2015. Métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva de casos de EI por S. aureus en la FCIIC para el período 2010-2015. Se realizó descripción de las variables generales de la población a estudio utilizando medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Análisis de desenlaces teniendo cuenta la concentración inhibitoria mínima de vancomicina. Resultados: En el estudio se presentaron 27 casos de EI, con una mayor proporción de pacientes de sexo masculino, con hipertensión, diabetes y hemodiálisis. La fiebre fue la manifestación más frecuente seguida de fenómenos vasculares. La válvula más comprometida fue la mitral, principalmente nativa. Discusión: La presentación clínica de los pacientes con EI por S. aureus es aguda por lo que la fiebre es la principal manifestación clínica presentada, lo anterior favorece un rápido diagnóstico clínico. De las cepas de S. aureus causante de EI no se encontró gérmenes con sensibilidad intermedia ni resistente a la vancomicina según criterios establecidos por CLSI. Se encontró mayor proporción de pacientes con un valor de CMI para vancomicina mayor a 0,5μg/ml lo cual es importante dado que podemos estar enfrentándonos a cepas hetero VISA (hVISA).

F. Hölderlin i S.T. Coleridge: recepció immediata i influència de la Crítica del Judici de Kant en els poetes del romanticisme

La tesi contrasta les conseqüències filosòfiques i la constel·lació temàtica de la Crítica del Judici, amb les manifestacions poeticofilosòfiques de F. Hölderlin i S.T. Coleridge. La font principal de recerca són aquelles tesis de la Crítica del Judici rellevants per comprendre l'esclat de l'idealisme allà on aquest nou sistema involucra significativament art i experiència estètica. Hölderlin s'instal·la de manera genuïna en la tensió entre l'idealisme i la filosofia crítica. Per la radicalitat dels seus plantejaments podrem presentar-lo també com a poeta romàntic o precedent del romanticisme. Pel que fa a Coleridge estudiem la recepció immediata de la filosofia Kantiana en el medi cultural britànic per contrastar el paper del poeta en la importació de la ideologia romàntica alemanya. L'objectiu és presentar Coleridge com a poeta que assumeix els postulats del romanticisme alemany i investigar si aquests postulats poden relacionar-se amb el balanç de la filosofia kantiana expressat a Crítica del Judici.

Para leer a Guillermo Valencia después de Guillermo Valencia

El autor se propone leer al poeta colombiano Guillermo Valencia al margen de la pasión que su credo parnasiano y su rol de hombre público despertaron en un primer momento, y del odio posterior de sus opositores estéticos y contradictores políticos –que lo acusan de posturas conservadoras y aristocratizantes. Su obra literaria y su obra política han sido leídas de manera que la una justifica a la otra, y viceversa. El autor defiende el aporte de Valencia a la modernidad literaria colombiana como traductor y difusor de poesía alemana, inglesa y francesa, así como de obras en chino y árabe. Plantea también que su obra poética debe estudiarse en función de sus logros en el lenguaje, y del vínculo que representa entre la tradición poética colombiana y la producción actual.

Entrevista a Roberto Fernández Retamar: la poesía, la Piadosa, me dio una razón para vivir (De la Escena Contemporánea. Entrevista)

El poeta y ensayista cubano confiesa que la poesía le dio una razón para vivir, y que sigue siendo su gran amor. Aunque difícil de definir, plantea que al ser humano le resulta imposible resistir sin ella: en toda crisis (la enfermedad, la muerte o la guerra), se recurre a la poesía. Las influencias literarias le llegaron de escritores alemanes, franceses y latinoamericanos (sobre todo, de Jorge Luis Borges, José Lezama Lima, Octavio Paz y Alfonso Reyes). El autor cubano destaca los méritos de varios poetas ecuatorianos y latinoamericanos. De Lezama Lima, quien “vivía para la poesía y el espíritu, con apenas unos pesitos”, resalta su sentido coral de la cultura (como construcción colectiva) y de la literatura. Respecto de la Revolución, aun reconociendo que hubo errores, está convencido de que es lo mejor que pudo pasarle a Cuba, no solo porque es la que buscó con insistencia, de Martí a Lezama, sino porque es la que triunfó y sigue adelante, pese al bloqueo económico de medio siglo por parte de la mayor potencia mundial, y de todas las dificultades.

Walled in: ordinary East Germans' responses to 13 August 1961

The building of the Berlin Wall on 13 August 1961 had repercussions not only on the international scene, but also for the power relationship between state and society in the German Democratic Republic. This article considers the short-, medium- and long-term reactions of the East German population to the border closure from a personal and political perspective, examining key groups such as educated elites, workers, and young people. The closed society elicited a new deference in the short term, but the author argues for considerable continuities of low-level disruptive behavior before and after 13 August. In the longer term, there was a generation born behind the Wall which by simple habituation rather than a conscious decision was forced to accept the new contours of the geopolitical landscape created by the Wall.

Biała Góra: the forgotten colony in the Medieval Pomeranian-Prussian borderlands

Biała Góra 3 is a small settlement founded in the late twelfth or early thirteenth century AD in the disputed Christian borderlands of Northern Europe. The incorporation of Pomerania into the Polish state in the tenth century was followed by a process of colonisation across the lower Vistula valley, which then stalled before resuming in the thirteenth century under the Teutonic Order. Biała Góra 3 is unusual in falling between the two expansionist phases and provides detailed insight into the ethnicity and economy of this borderland community. Pottery and metalwork show strong links with both Pomeranian and German colonists, and caches of bricks and roof tiles indicate durable buildings of the kind associated with the monastic and military orders. Evidence for the presence of merchants suggests Biała Góra 3 was one of many outposts in the commercial network that shadowed the Crusades.

Don’t aim too high for your kids: parental over-aspiration undermines students’ learning in mathematics

Previous research has suggested that parents’ aspirations for their children’s academic attainment can have a positive influence on children’s actual academic performance. Possible negative effects of parental over-aspiration, however, have found little attention in the psychological literature. Employing a dual-change score model with longitudinal data from a representative sample of German schoolchildren and their parents (N = 3,530; grades 5 to 10), we showed that parental aspiration and children’s mathematical achievement were linked by positive reciprocal relations over time. Importantly, we also found that parental aspiration that exceeded their expectation (i.e., over-aspiration) had negative reciprocal relations with children’s mathematical achievement. These results were fairly robust after controlling for a variety of demographic and cognitive variables such as children’s gender, age, intelligence, school type, and family SES. The results were also replicated with an independent sample of US parents and their children. These findings suggest that unrealistically high parental aspiration can be detrimental for children’s achievement.

Paul Renner: the art of typography

The first study, in any language, of this German typographer and type designer. Renner’s work exemplifies central themes in German culture in the first half of the twentieth century. Starting as an artist and book designer in the Munich cultural renaissance, he was an early and prominent member of the Deutscher Werkbund. In the 1920s Renner worked in Frankfurt, one of the centres of socially-engaged modernism; around this time he began work on his enduring typeface, Futura. Moving to Munich, he ran the printing school that included Jan Tschichold among its teachers. In the crisis of 1933 he was detained and then dismissed from his post. Living through the Nazi years in inner emigration, Renner emer­ged as a voice of experience and reason in postwar debates.

Vilhelm Ekelund och den fransk-italienska kultursfären : Några nedslag i de tidiga prosaverken - från Antikt ideal (1909) till Attiskt i fågelperspektiv (1919)

Vilhelm Ekelund och den fransk-italienska kultursfären: Några nedslag i de tidiga prosaverken – från Antikt ideal (1909) till Attiskt i fågelperspektiv (1919). (Vilhelm Ekelund and the French and Italian cultural heritage: A study of his early prose – from Antikt ideal (1909) to Attiskt i fågelperspektiv (1919)). The Swedish poet, essayist and aphorist Vilhelm Ekelund was not only influenced by German literature and philosophy, he also wrote extensive literary criticism on the subject of Romance language authors. This article discusses Ekelund’s relationship to some of the most influential French and Italian writers – as it can be seen in his work during the period 1909-1919. This relationship was ambiguous: he paid homage to French authors such as Montaigne, Montesquieu, Stendhal and Comte – as well as to the Italian poet and philosopher Leopardi – but he also severely criticized such distinguished writers as Baudelaire, Rousseau and Maupassant. One conclusion of this article is that the authors praised by Ekelund all venerate the Greek and Roman cultural heritage, whereas the despised novelists and poets were, in his opinion, either too “modern” or too “feminine” – both highly pejorative adjectives in the author’s terminology. It is also noted that Ekelund’s most ferocious attacks date from the first part of the decade, before he entered a more harmonic period with the works Metron (1918) and Attiskt i fågelperspektiv (1919).

O pão e a festa: patrimônio imaterial e turismo em Juiz de Fora

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os pedidos de registro do Pão Alemão e da Deutsches Fest como bens culturais de natureza imaterial de Juiz de Fora, sendo elementos representantes da cultura e da tradição dos imigrantes alemães que fazem parte da história da cidade. A Festa Alemã ou Deutsches Fest é, atualmente, um dos maiores eventos do calendário cultural e turístico de Juiz de Fora, cidade localizada na Zona da Mata do Estado de Minas Gerais. Realizada no bairro Borboleta, antiga Colônia Alemã, a festa foi criada em 1969, por descendentes dos alemães que imigraram para o município, em meados do século XIX. O Pão Alemão, encontrado nas festas e casas do bairro, além de ser o principal elo de preservação da memória construída por esses descendentes alemães, tornou-se importante elemento simbólico, enquanto modo de preparo da legítima culinária alemã. Pão e Festa fazem parte de uma tradição constituída, ao longo de anos, para afirmar a identidade do grupo, proporcionando-lhe ampliar sua participação nos âmbitos políticos e econômicos locais.

A função social do contrato como concretização de direitos fundamentais nas relações privadas

This dissertation deals with the social function of the contract, based on constitutional principles, especially those relating to fundamental rights. The social function of the contract (general clause) is described in the Civil Code so intentionally generic, no precise criteria to define it. Because of the fluidity of this principle, it is justified its closer study, seeking to assess its various meanings and looking away from the legal uncertainty that an unlimited conceptual vagueness can cause. The social function of the contract arises from a transformation experienced in private law from the inflows received from the Constitutional Law, the result of an evolutionary process by which it became the state structure, leaving the foundations of the classical liberal state and moving toward a vision guided by existential human values that give the keynote of the Welfare State. Arose, then the concern about the effectiveness of fundamental rights in relations between individuals, which is studied from the inapplicability of fundamental rights in private relations (U.S. doctrine of State action), passing to the analysis of the Theory of indirect horizontal effect of fundamental rights (of German creation and majority acceptance), reaching the right horizontal efficacy Theory of fundamental rights, prevailing Brazilian doctrine and jurisprudence. It has also been investigated the foundations of the social contract, pointing out that, apart from the provisions of the constitutional legislation, that base the principle on screen, there have also been noticed foundations in the Federal Constitution, in devices like the art. 1, III, the dignity of the human person is the north of the relationship between contractors. Also art. 3rd, I CF/88 bases the vision of social covenants, equipping it for the implementation of social solidarity, as one of the fundamental objectives of the Republic. Still on art. 170 of the Constitution it is seen as a locus of reasoning in the social function of the contract, the maintenance of the economic order. It is also studied the internal and external aspects of the social function of the contract, being the first part the one that considers the requirement of respect for contractual loyalty, through the objective good faith, as a result of the dignity of the hirer may not be offended by the other through the contract. On the other hand, the external facet of the social function of the contract, in line with the constitutional mandate of solidarity, indicates the need for contractors to respect the rights of society, namely the diffuse, collective and individual third party. In this external appearance, it is also pointed the notion of external credit protection, addressing the duty of society to respect the contract. There has been shown some notions of the social contract in comparative law. Then, there has been investigated the content of principle study, through their interrelationships with other provisions of private and constitutional law, namely equality, objective good faith, private autonomy and dignity of the human person. We study the application of the social contract in contractual networks as well as the guidance of conservation of contracts, especially those denominated long-term captive contracts, considering the theory of substantive due performance, concluding with an analysis of the social contract in code of Consumer Protection

Incidência das dermatopatias auto-imunes em cães e gatos e estudo retrospectivo de 40 casos de lupus eritematoso discóide atendidos no serviço de dermatologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da UNESP – Botucatu

The objectives of this study were to do a survey of the autoimmune skin diseases and update the records regarding the occurrence of discoid lupus erythematosus in canine and feline populations attended at the Dermatology Service of the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of UNESP - Botucatu, including species, gender, breed, age, location and characteristic of the lesions. Results have shown that the order of occurrence, regarding the number of cases of autoimmune skin diseases in the animals attended by the Dermatology Service in the period from 1988 to 2007 was: discoid lupus erythematosus, pemphigus folliaceus, uveo-dermatologic syndrome, pemphigus vulgaris, systemic lupus erythematosus, necrolytic migratory erythema, multiforme erythema and plasmacytic pododermatitis. All the animals with discoid lupus erythematosus were dogs and most of them were mongrel females. More frequently breeds affected by discoid lupus erythematosus were german shepherd and akita and the mean age was 56 months. Most lesions were located in nasal planum, narines and periocular area and were characterized by crusting, depigmentation and erythema.