On a generalized Laguerre operational matrix of fractional integration

A new operationalmatrix of fractional integration of arbitrary order for generalized Laguerre polynomials is derived.The fractional integration is described in the Riemann-Liouville sense.This operational matrix is applied together with generalized Laguerre tau method for solving general linearmultitermfractional differential equations (FDEs).Themethod has the advantage of obtaining the solution in terms of the generalized Laguerre parameter. In addition, only a small dimension of generalized Laguerre operational matrix is needed to obtain a satisfactory result. Illustrative examples reveal that the proposedmethod is very effective and convenient for linear multiterm FDEs on a semi-infinite interval.

Approximating fractional derivatives through the generalized mean

This paper addresses the calculation of fractional order expressions through rational fractions. The article starts by analyzing the techniques adopted in the continuous to discrete time conversion. The problem is re-evaluated in an optimization perspective by tacking advantage of the degree of freedom provided by the generalized mean formula. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the new algorithm.

Generalized Dasymetric Mapping Algorithm for Accessing Land-Use Change

Contém resumo

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibition transforms human mammary gland epithelial cells.

Carriers of mutations in the cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), which represent 1-2% of the general population, have an increased risk of breast cancer. However, experimental evidence that ATM deficiency contributes to human breast carcinogenesis is lacking. We report here that in MCF-10A and MCF-12A cells, which are well established normal human mammary gland epithelial cell models, partial or almost complete stable ATM silencing or pharmacological inhibition resulted in cellular transformation, genomic instability, and formation of dysplastic lesions in NOD/SCID mice. These effects did not require the activity of exogenous DNA-damaging agents and were preceded by an unsuspected and striking increase in cell proliferation also observed in primary human mammary gland epithelial cells. Increased proliferation correlated with a dramatic, transient, and proteasome-dependent reduction of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(KIP1) protein levels, whereas little or no effect was observed on p21(WAF1/CIP1) or p27(KIP1) mRNAs. p21(WAF1/CIP1) silencing also increased MCF-10A cell proliferation, thus identifying p21(WAF1/CIP1) down-regulation as a mediator of the proliferative effect of ATM inhibition. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence that ATM is a human breast tumor suppressor. In addition, they mirror the sensitivity of ATM tumor suppressor function and unveil a new mechanism by which ATM might prevent human breast tumorigenesis, namely a direct inhibitory effect on the basal proliferation of normal mammary epithelial cells.

Some Additional Specification Tests for Generalized Method of Moments Estimators with Macro-Economic Applications Part I : Theory

In This Paper Several Additional Gmm Specification Tests Are Studied. a First Test Is a Chow-Type Test for Structural Parameter Stability of Gmm Estimates. the Test Is Inspired by the Fact That \"Taste and Technology\" Parameters Are Uncovered. the Second Set of Specification Tests Are Var Encompassing Tests. It Is Assumed That the Dgp Has a Finite Var Representation. the Moment Restrictions Which Are Suggested by Economic Theory and Exploited in the Gmm Procedure Represent One Possible Characterization of the Dgp. the Var Is a Different But Compatible Characterization of the Same Dgp. the Idea of the Var Encompassing Tests Is to Compare Parameter Estimates of the Euler Conditions and Var Representations of the Dgp Obtained Separately with Parameter Estimates of the Euler Conditions and Var Representations Obtained Jointly. There Are Several Ways to Construct Joint Systems Which Are Discussed in the Paper. Several Applications Are Also Discussed.

A Generalized Index of Fractionalization

The goal of this paper is to contribute to the economic literature on ethnic and cultural diversity by proposing a new index that is informationally richer and more flexible than the commonly used ‘ethno-linguistic fractionalization’ (ELF) index. We characterize a measure of diversity among individuals that takes as a primitive the individuals, as opposed to ethnic groups, and uses information on the extent of similarity among them. Compared to existing indices, our measure does not require that individuals are pre-assigned to exogenously determined categories or groups. We show that our generalized index is a natural extension of ELF and is also simple to compute. We also provide an empirical illustration of how our index can be operationalized and what difference it makes as compared to the standard ELF index. This application pertains to the pattern of fractionalization in the United States.

Discours sociaux et aliénation dans deux romans de Gary Victor

L’aliénation est une problématique clé de la littérature haïtienne. Ce thème, abordé à de nombreuses reprises, est renouvelé dans les œuvres de l’écrivain Gary Victor, plus particulièrement dans les romans À l’angle des rues parallèles et Je sais quand Dieu vient se promener dans mon jardin. Ce mémoire a pour but d’étudier l’aliénation due à l’assimilation des différents discours qui circulent dans la société. Victor ne fait pas que montrer l’aliénation collective et individuelle ainsi que les différents mécanismes qui provoquent cette «folie». Il campe ses récits dans un univers chaotique où les modalités interdiscursives de la représentation des lieux et des milieux viennent renforcer cette impression d’aliénation quasi généralisée, et les personnages les plus fous apparaissent finalement comme étant les plus lucides. Des notions empruntées à la sociocritique nous ont servi de cadre théorique pour cette recherche. Le mémoire est composé de cinq chapitres. Les quatre premiers procèdent à l’analyse des discours qui sont présentés comme les sources de l’aliénation des personnages. Le chapitre un est consacré aux discours qui découlent de la société de consommation, qui ne s’appliquent plus uniquement aux objets, mais bien à la gestion des relations interpersonnelles. Le second chapitre se penche sur la question des croyances religieuses, que ce soient les croyances traditionnelles indigènes ou la religion catholique, et montre comment elles peuvent être potentiellement dangereuses pour ceux et celles qui sont trop crédules et comment elles peuvent devenir une arme pour les personnes malintentionnées. Le troisième chapitre étudie la façon dont les discours politiques et historiques sont devenus des lieux de référence pernicieux pour la société haïtienne et la manière dont les personnes au pouvoir les utilisent afin de manipuler le peuple. Le quatrième chapitre aborde les effets pervers des différents discours des savoirs en sciences humaines, plus particulièrement ceux de la philosophie et de la psychanalyse. Il montre les conséquences désastreuses qu’ils peuvent entraîner lorsqu’ils sont transformés en principes immuables. Le dernier chapitre analyse quelques modalités de cette représentation inédite de l’aliénation. Des lieux hostiles, des personnages violents ainsi que l’utilisation de références littéraires et cinématographiques marquant l’imaginaire social font partie des techniques employées par Victor. Ce chapitre fait ressortir également les différentes figures qui traduisent la résistance à cet univers démentiel. Notre lecture des romans de Victor conduit à une réflexion sur la définition du roman populaire, en lien avec la modernité telle que définie par Alexis Nouss. D’après ce qui se dégage de l’œuvre de Gary Victor, ce genre, objet de nombreuses critiques et défini comme servant uniquement au simple divertissement des lecteurs, peut aussi aider à prévenir les dérives des sociétés en perte de repères.

Affine and generalized affine models : Theory and applications

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Invariant discretizations of partial differential equations

Un algorithme permettant de discrétiser les équations aux dérivées partielles (EDP) tout en préservant leurs symétries de Lie est élaboré. Ceci est rendu possible grâce à l'utilisation de dérivées partielles discrètes se transformant comme les dérivées partielles continues sous l'action de groupes de Lie locaux. Dans les applications, beaucoup d'EDP sont invariantes sous l'action de transformations ponctuelles de Lie de dimension infinie qui font partie de ce que l'on désigne comme des pseudo-groupes de Lie. Afin d'étendre la méthode de discrétisation préservant les symétries à ces équations, une discrétisation des pseudo-groupes est proposée. Cette discrétisation a pour effet de transformer les symétries ponctuelles en symétries généralisées dans l'espace discret. Des schémas invariants sont ensuite créés pour un certain nombre d'EDP. Dans tous les cas, des tests numériques montrent que les schémas invariants approximent mieux leur équivalent continu que les différences finies standard.

Hysteresis in a system driven by either generalized force or displacement variables: martensitic phase transition in single-crystalline Cu-Zn-Al

We report on experiments aimed at comparing the hysteretic response of a Cu-Zn-Al single crystal undergoing a martensitic transition under strain-driven and stress-driven conditions. Strain-driven experiments were performed using a conventional tensile machine while a special device was designed to perform stress-driven experiments. Significant differences in the hysteresis loops were found. The strain-driven curves show reentrant behavior yield point which is not observed in the stress-driven case. The dissipated energy in the stress-driven curves is larger than in the strain-driven ones. Results from recently proposed models qualitatively agree with experiments.

Speech sample estimation from composite zerocrossings and encoding via adaptive switching of transforms

This thesis investigates the potential use of zerocrossing information for speech sample estimation. It provides 21 new method tn) estimate speech samples using composite zerocrossings. A simple linear interpolation technique is developed for this purpose. By using this method the A/D converter can be avoided in a speech coder. The newly proposed zerocrossing sampling theory is supported with results of computer simulations using real speech data. The thesis also presents two methods for voiced/ unvoiced classification. One of these methods is based on a distance measure which is a function of short time zerocrossing rate and short time energy of the signal. The other one is based on the attractor dimension and entropy of the signal. Among these two methods the first one is simple and reguires only very few computations compared to the other. This method is used imtea later chapter to design an enhanced Adaptive Transform Coder. The later part of the thesis addresses a few problems in Adaptive Transform Coding and presents an improved ATC. Transform coefficient with maximum amplitude is considered as ‘side information’. This. enables more accurate tfiiz assignment enui step—size computation. A new bit reassignment scheme is also introduced in this work. Finally, sum ATC which applies switching between luiscrete Cosine Transform and Discrete Walsh-Hadamard Transform for voiced and unvoiced speech segments respectively is presented. Simulation results are provided to show the improved performance of the coder