580 resultados para GRAPHENE-CEO2
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Thermal and spectroscopic studies on solid trivalent lanthanides and yttrium(III) α-hydroxyisobutyrates, Ln(C4H7O 3)3·nH2O were investigated employing simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), elemental analysis, X-ray diffractometry, complexometry, experimental and theoretical infrared spectroscopy and TG-DSC coupled to FTIR. The dehydration of lanthanum to neodymium and terbium to thulium and yttrium compounds occurs in a single step while for samarium, europium and gadolinium ones it occurs in three consecutives steps. Ytterbium and lutetium compounds were obtained in the anhydrous state. The thermal decomposition of the anhydrous compounds occursin two consecutives steps, except lanthanum (five steps) and cerium (single step), with formation of the respective oxides CeO2, Pr6O 11, Tb4O7 and Ln2O3 (Ln = La, Nd to Lu and Y), as final residue. The resultsalso provided information concerning the composition, thermal behavior, crystallinity and gaseous products evolved during the thermal decomposition. The theoretical and experimental spectroscopic data suggested the possible modes of coordination of the ligand with the lanthanides.© 2013 Elsevier B.V.
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This work describes the influence of the preparation method and the carbon support using a low contentof cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2/C 4%) on H2O2electrogeneration via the oxygen reduction reac-tion (ORR). For this purpose, the polymeric precursor (PPM) and sol-gel (SGM) methods with Vulcan XC72R (V) and Printex L6 (P) supports were employed. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffrac-tion (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TheXRD analysis identified two phases comprising CeO2and CeO 2-x. The smallest mean crystallite size wasexhibited for the 4% CeO2/C PPM P material, which was estimated using the Debye-Scherrer equation tobe 6 nm and 4 nm for the CeO2and the CeO 2-xphases, respectively, and was determined by TEM to be5.9 nm. XPS analysis was utilized to compare the oxygen content of the 4% CeO2/C PPM P to Printex L6.The electrochemical analysis was accomplished using a rotating ring-disk electrode. The results showedthat the 4% CeO2/C specimen, prepared by PPM and supported on Printex L6, was the best electrocatalystfor H2O2production in 1 mol L -1NaOH. This material showed the highest ring current, producing 88%H2O2and transferring 2.2 electrons per O 2molecule via the ORR at the lowest onset potential. Addition-ally, the ring-current of the 4% CeO2/C PPM P material was higher than that of Vulcan XC 72R and PrintexL6, the reference materials for H2O 2production, indicating the highest electrocatalytic activity for the 4%CeO2/C PPM P material. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The structural and photoluminescent properties at room temperature of CeO2 nanoparticles synthesized by a Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Method (MAH) under different praseodymium contents was undertaken. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV-vis Spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Raman (FT-Raman) and Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were employed. XRD revealed that the nanoparticles are free of secondary phases and crystallize in the cubic structure while FT-Raman revealed a typical scattering mode of fluorite type. The UV/vis absorption spectroscopy suggested the presence of intermediate energy levels in the band gap of structurally ordered powders. The most intense PL emission was obtained for nanoparticles which represent a lower particle size. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Física - FEG
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This work presents a study on the production of biodiesel by esterification reaction of oleic acid with methanol using batch reactor and different catalysts based on CeO2 and WO3 and HZSM-5. Acid treatment was performed in order to increase the catalytic activity. Different characterization techniques were performed, among them X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis TGA/DTA, Spectroscopy in the Region in Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The effects of independent variables: temperature, molar ratio of oil: alcohol and the amount of catalyst and their interactions on the dependent variable (conversion of oleic acid to the corresponding ester). Overall, through the results obtained in the characterization was observed that the applied treatments were efficient, however the XRF technique, indicated that tungsten oxide leaching could occur during the preparation of the materials. The treatments performed on HZSM-5 caused no significant changes in the structure indicating that the zeolite was quite resistant to the treatments used. It was evaluated using complete 23 factorial design. For the catalysts investigated, the best reaction conditions were obtained when using higher levels of the independent variables temperature and amount of catalyst. However, for the variable molar ratio the lowest level showed significant yields for most of the synthesized catalyst, obtaining maximum conversion to the OC (67.97%), OW (74.37%), HZSM-5 (61.16%) OC-OW 1 (75.93%), OC-OW 2 (82.57%), OC-OW 3 (79.15%), S/OC-OW 1 (86.90%), S/OC-OW 2 (91.04%), S/OC-OW 3 (88.60%), S/OC-OW/H 1 (92.34%), S/OC-OW/H 2 (100%) and S/OC-OW/H 3 (98.16%). According to the experimental design, the temperature has the biggest influence on the reaction variable for all the synthesized catalysts. Among the catalysts investigated S/OC-OW/H 2 e S/OC-OW/H 3 were more effective. Reuse tests showed that the catalyst activity decreased after each cycle, indicating that the regeneration process was effective. The leaching test indicated that the catalysts are heterogeneous in the evaluated operating range. The catalysts investigated showed themselves promising for the production of biodiesel.
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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC
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O grafeno é a primeira estrutura bidimensional que se obteve experimentalmente. Sua rede cristalina é uma rede hexagonal, conhecida como "Favo de Mel", possui apenas um átomo de espessura. Cortes em folhas de grafeno, privilegiando determinada direção, geram as chamadas nanofitas de grafeno. Embora o grafeno se comporte como um metal, é sabido que as nanofitas podem apresentar comportamentos semicondutor, metálico ou semimetálico, dependendo da direção de corte e/ou largura da fita. No caso de nanofitas semicondutoras, a largura da banda proibida (band gap), entre outros fatores, depende da largura da nanofita. Neste trabalho adotou-se métodos de primeiros princípios como o DFT (Density Functional Theory), afim de se obter as características tais como curvas de dispersão para nanofitas. Neste trabalho, primeiramente, são apresentados diagramas de bandas de energia e curvas de densidade de estados para nanofitas de grafeno semicondutoras, de diferentes larguras, e na ausência de influências externas. Utilizou-se métodos de primeiros princípios para a obtenção destas curvas e o método das funções de Green do Não Equilíbrio para o transporte eletrônico. Posteriormente foi investigado a influência da hidrogenização, temperatura e tensão mecânica sobre sistema, isso além, de se estudar o comportamento de transporte eletrônico com e sem influência destes fatores externos. Vale ressaltar que as nanofitas de grafeno apresentam possibilidades reais de aplicação em nanodispositivos eletrônicos, a exemplo de nanodiodos e nanotransistores. Por esse motivo, é importante se ter o entendimento de como os fatores externos alteram as propriedades de tal material, pois assim, espera-se que as propriedades de dispositivos eletrônicos também sejam influenciadas da mesma maneira que as nanofitas.
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Neste trabalho, investigamos os efeitos da funcionalização de grupos oxidativos sobre
a estrutura de nanofitas de grafeno zigue-zague e também os efeitos de constrições, onde estes
efeitos foram analisados por meio de transporte eletrônico via campo externo longitudinal.
Nossos cálculos foram parametrizados pelo modelo semi-empírico de Huckel estendido-ETH,
adotando-se o método das funções de Green de não equilíbrio- NEGF. As correntes foram
calculadas via equação de Landauer que usa a função de transmissão da região espalhadora ao
fluxo de elétrons com energia (E) vinda do eletrodo esquerdo. Por meio dessa abordagem, foi
possível analisarmos o comportamento dos portadores de carga em cada um os dispositivos
propostos, bem como, a natureza de tal comportamento. Verificaram-se nas curvas I(V) dois
regimes de transporte: Ôhmico e NDR, verificando máximos de corrente e, também a tensão
de limiar (VTh1
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC
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Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)