高寒草甸生态系统陆地生物圈模式研究及应用

改进了适合于高寒草甸生态系统的陆地生态圈模式，分析了模式中温度变化与水分运动分层的物理原因，说明了气候状况对地表面能量交换的影响，给出了净辐射和蒸散量新的计算方法，提出了有很差分计算中具有二阶精度的Euler隐式格式，介绍了中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态站的气候概况和野外观测情况。最后利用本模式对高寒草甸生态站地区的土壤-植被-大气间水热交换过程进行了数值模拟，模拟值与实测值吻合较好。

Cyclical Features of Uzawa-Lucas Endogenous Growth Model

This paper analyzes the cyclical properties of a generalized version of Uzawa-Lucas endogenous growth model. We study the dynamic features of different cyclical components of this model characterized by a variety of decomposition methods. The decomposition methods considered can be classified in two groups. On the one hand, we consider three statistical filters: the Hodrick-Prescott filter, the Baxter-King filter and Gonzalo-Granger decomposition. On the other hand, we use four model-based decomposition methods. The latter decomposition procedures share the property that the cyclical components obtained by these methods preserve the log-linear approximation of the Euler-equation restrictions imposed by the agent’s intertemporal optimization problem. The paper shows that both model dynamics and model performance substantially vary across decomposition methods. A parallel exercise is carried out with a standard real business cycle model. The results should help researchers to better understand the performance of Uzawa-Lucas model in relation to standard business cycle models under alternative definitions of the business cycle.

激波管双爆轰驱动段性能的数值模拟研究

采用频散可控的耗散格式(DCD),求解Euler方程和一种改进的二阶段化学反应模型,对氢氧反向-正向双爆轰驱动段激波管进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明:当辅驱动段与主驱动段初始压力比小于临界值时,Taylor波仍会出现,但波扇夹角较单一前向爆轰驱动段小,入射激波马赫数衰减率变小;当初始压力比等于临界值时,主驱动段中的Taylor波完全被消除,入射激波马赫数不再衰减.当初始压力比大于临界值时,在主驱动段中能产生过驱动爆轰波,不仅Taylor波被完全消除,而且驱动能力较单一前向爆轰驱动段强

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 031]

Ulysses Guimarães (PMDB-SP), presidente da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC), recebe uma comissão de 50 meninos de rua, que entregam ao presidente uma placa de asfalto com o apelo de 7 milhões de meninos abandonados. Criança fala sobre as reivindicações. Ulysses disse que se sensibiliza com a manifestação dos meninos. Na Subcomissão da Família, do Menor e do Idoso, Marcos Vilaça, Presidente da Legião Brasileira de Assistência (LBA), disse que a legislação deve respeitar o menor. Marina Bandeira, Presidente da Fundação Nacional do Bem-Estar do Menor (FUNABEM) pede proteção para o menor e o adolescente. A Subcomissão dos Estados recebeu a visita de Pedro Simon, Governador do Rio Grande do Sul, que defende o reestabelecimento da Federação com a autonomia dos Estados. Na Subcomissão da Nacionalidade, da Soberania e das Relações Internacionais, Renato Archer, Ministro da Ciência e Tecnologia, fala sobre a reserva de mercado e a soberania. A Subcomissão da Defesa do Estado, da Sociedade e de sua Segurança discute o papel das Forças Armadas no Estado democrático. O general Andrada Serpa defende o nacionalismo e o general Euler Bentes acredita que as Forças Armadas devem apenas intervir como determinam os poderes constitucionais.

求解双曲型守恒律方程的高精度迎风紧致群速度控制法

从迎风紧致逼进出发，提出求解流体力学双曲型守恒律的一种高精度的数值方法，同时采用群速度控制方法捕捉激波。该方法在光滑区具有三阶精度。

散心柱面胞格爆轰演化数值研究

采用有限体积方法,在自适应非结构网格上求解二维含化学反应Euler方程,数值研究了柱面胞格爆轰波演化现象.化学反应计算采用单步可逆总包反应模型.数值结果演示了散心柱面胞格爆轰波演化过程中胞格结构的分裂现象,获得了与实验结果定性一致的结果.胞格结构的分裂演化在点火区近场和远场显示了不同的特点,其中爆轰波传播过程中波阵面当地曲率的变化是控制胞格分裂演化行为的关键因素.数值结果也显示胞格结构的分裂现象来自于爆轰波前锋结构中横波的自组织行为,即沿爆轰波波面传播的小扰动发展成为横波的过程,这种现象与胞格爆轰波的不稳定性密切相关.

微梁谐振器中的空气阻尼

为了研究空气阻尼对谐振器工作性能的影响,基于Euler-Bernoulli假设、梁弯曲振动理论和气体阻尼理论,建立了考虑气体阻尼的梁振动方程,结合边界条件对方程进行了求解,得到了两种不同情况下气体阻尼对微梁谐振器的谐振频率和品质因子的影响.通过两种阻尼对谐振器影响的比较分析,指出在梁形状保持不变(长宽比和高宽比不变)情况下,微梁谐振器存在一个临界压膜厚度,此临界厚度可为器件的设计提供参考.

线性张力腿模型与非线性模型的比较研究

平台运动对张力腿的非线性动力响应具有显著的影响.提出了新的更加符合实际的边界条件,分别采用线性的 Euler-Bernoulli梁和非线性梁模型,分析了在不同的张力腿长度和平台激励条件下,线性张力腿模型与非线性模型在预测其动力响应时所得结果的差异.为了保证数值计算的正确性和可靠性,运用了两种不同的计算方法;Galerkin法,有限差分法进行数值求解.结果表明:非线性模型所得的张力腿流向响应幅值要比线性模型的小,且随着张力腿长度以及平台纵荡幅值的增加,非线性模型与线性模型的预测结果之间的差异会变得越来越显著.

爆炸容器内冲击波系演化及壳体响应的数值研究

对中心装药爆炸后冲击波的产生、传播和壳体动态响应全过程进行了数值研究。认为RDX瞬时爆炸，爆炸近场采用自相似解；冲击波传播和波系演化采用PPM(the Piecewise Parabolic Method)格式求解Euler方程；壳体响应采用有限元方法求解拉氏坐标系下由虚功原理得到的动力学方程。壳体内壁面边界条件分别采用强耦合和弱耦合方法处理。结果表明：（1）当装药量相同时，薄壁壳体振型比厚壁宙体复杂得多，振幅也大；（2）当装药量不同，壳体厚度相同时，爆炸场冲击波的演化过程不同；（3）对少量装药，产生的冲击波强度低，壳体变形小，是否考虑内边界运动，对计算结果的影响不大；（4）在本文条件下，爆炸容器封头顶点所受的载荷最大，是取易发生破坏的地方，侧壁与爆点所在横截面的交线，也易破坏。

油水分离技术研究之一——直管和螺旋管的数值模拟

　本文采用数值模拟的方法研究油水混合物在直管和螺旋管中的流动状况。计算采用Euler Euler法和Euler模型:支配油水分离两相流动的基本方程包括连续方程和动量方程,湍流模型采用多相流中混合型k ε模式,基本方程的离散和求解采用SIMPLE算法。利用Fluent软件,以直管和螺旋管为例进行了计算,获得了初步计算结果。计算表明,本文所用方法可以较好地模拟直管中油水在重力作用下的分离,以及螺旋分离器中油水在重力和离心力共同作用下的分离现象。并可为实验研究提供参考。

Starting Nozzle Flow Simulation Using K-G Two-Equation Turbulence Model

The starting process of two-dimensional nozzle flows has been simulated with Euler, laminar and k - g two-equation turbulence Navier-Stokes equations. The flow solver is based on a combination of LUSGS subiteration implicit method and five spatial discretized schemes, which are Roe, HLLE, MHLLE upwind schemes and AUSM+, AUSMPW schemes. In the paper, special attention is for the flow differences of the nozzle starting process obtained from different governing equations and different schemes. Two nozzle flows, previously investigated experimentally and numerically by other researchers, are chosen as our examples. The calculated results indicate the carbuncle phenomenon and unphysical oscillations appear more or less near a wall or behind strong shock wave except using HLLE scheme, and these unphysical phenomena become more seriously with the increase of Mach number. Comparing the turbulence calculation, inviscid solution cannot simulate the wall flow separation and the laminar solution shows some different flow characteristics in the regions of flow separation and near wall.

A Multiscale-Domain Decomposition Method for High Reynolds Number Flows

The high Reynolds number flow contains a wide range of length and time scales, and the flow domain can be divided into several sub-domains with different characteristic scales. In some sub-domains, the viscosity dissipation scale can only be considered in a certain direction; in some sub-domains, the viscosity dissipation scales need to be considered in all directions; in some sub-domains, the viscosity dissipation scales are unnecessary to be considered at all. For laminar boundary layer region, the characteristic length scales in the streamwise and normal directions are L and L Re-1/ 2 , respectively. The characteristic length scale and the velocity scale in the outer region of the boundary layer are L and U, respectively. In the neighborhood region of the separated point, the length scale l<dea of solving the conservation equations for discrete cells was proposed and named the discrete fluid dynamics (DFD) algorithm. Analysis shows that the basic conservative equations for discrete cells are the Euler equations, NS- and diffusion parabolized (DP) NS equations. In this paper, a new multiscale-domain decomposition method is developed for the high Reynolds number flow. First, the whole domain is decomposed to different sub-domains with the different characteristic scales. Then the different dominant equation of all sub-domains is defined according to the diffusion parabolized (DP) theory of viscous flow. Finally these different equations are solved simultaneously in whole computational region. For numerical tests of high Reynolds numerical flows, two-dimensional supersonic flows over rearward and frontward steps as well as an interaction flow between shock wave and boundary layer were solved numerically. The pressure distributions and local coefficients of skin friction on the wall are given. The numerical results obtained by the multiscale-domain decomposition algorithm are well agreement with those by NS equations. Comparing with the usual method of solving the Navier-Stokes equations in the whole flow, under the same numerical accuracy, the present multiscale domain decomposition method decreases CPU consuming about 20% and reflects the physical mechanism of practical flow more accurately.

Transition Between Detonation and Deflagration in a Tube with a Cavity

In this paper, the transition of a detonation from deflagration was investigated numerically while a detonation wave propagates in a tube with a sudden change in cross section, referred to as the expansion cavity. The dispersion-controlled scheme was adopted to solve Euler equations of axis-symmetric flows implemented with detailed chemical reaction kinetics of hydrogen-oxygen (or hydrogen-air) mixture. The fractional step method was applied to treat the stiff problems of chemical reaction flow. It is observed that phenomena of detonation quenching and reigniting appear when the planar detonation front diffracts at the vertex of the expansion cavity entrance. Numerical results show that detonation front in mixture of higher sensitivity keeps its substantial coupled structure when it propagates into the expansion cavity. However, the leading shock wave decouples with the combustion zone if mixture of lower sensitivity was set as the initial gas.

扩散抛物化(DP)NS方程组的意义及其在计算流体力学中的应用

本文首先讨论扩散抛物化(DP)NS方程组的早期研究工作:它的提出、数学性质、意义和在CFD中的应用,然后讨论扩散抛物化理论的一些新发展。这些新发展是对NS方程组数值计算进行物理分析的基础上得到的,其中包括NS方程组差分计算时,粘性剪切流对网格间距和格式精度的要求;粘性项只保留剪切粘性项的广义扩散抛物化(GDP)NS方程组,它的性质和应用。由于高Re数流动在NS方程组的差分计算中,网格Re数彼此相差悬殊的特点,产生了计算离散单元守恒方程组的新的算法思路,即离散流体力学(DFD)算法。在DFD算法中需要同时计算三种不同的守恒方程组(Euler,DPNS和NS方程组)。本文讨论了DFD格式的构造、它的优点和应用。并以超声速绕前后台阶流动为算例,来说明GDPNS方程组的用处和DFD算法的优点。DPNS方程组、GDPNS方程组、DFD算法是高智提出的,对这些问题他和合作者从

冲击载荷作用下容器壳体动态响应的初步数值研究

本文针对带椭球封头的爆炸容器,黑索今(RDX)在中心处的爆炸用点爆炸模型描述,利用四阶Runge-Kutta法求解一组常微分方程得到爆炸近场的自相似解。采用有限体积形式的PPM格式求解轴对称Euler方程,得到了容器内冲击波传播及其演化的图象。以计算得到的冲击载荷为基础,修改HONDO程序,壳体弹塑性模型采用J_2流动理论描述。对冲击波和壳体的耦合作用进行了初步的数值研究。计算结果表明:容器内爆炸冲击波和壳体中应力波的传播及其演化与物理上的定性分析结果是一致的。由于应力波传播速度较冲击波快,因此,在冲击波未到达的静止流场,流场出现扰动声波,并向中心传播。封头顶点附近出现最大变形。在中等载荷作用下,可忽略壳体变形对流场的影响。