1000 resultados para Envelhecimento da população, Brasil


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This study aims to understand the sociospatial transformations resulting from the depopulation of the fields and their effects on the rural landscape of Arroio do Só in Santa Maria - RS. To this end, we attempted to identify changes in the way of life of rural people, their activities and relationships and understand how this process has occurred, its causes and its impact on quality of life and social structure of the population that remained in place. The discussion on the modernization of agriculture is key to understanding this process. This district was chosen as a research site because it is a town that, in the past, had a very big socioeconomic dynamism, and now, according to the bankruptcy of several companies and the consequent emigration of much of the population, the sociospatial dynamic has changed. It was collected data from a secondary source of FIBGE and FEE in order to periodize population dynamics of the district, county and state. The qualitative research was conducted through interviews with the subjects in the field and their representatives, with the help of the Field Diary

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Introdução O nível de atividade física (NAF) insuficiente e estado nutricional (EN) inadequado conferem risco de desenvolvimento de hipertensão arterial e diabete, bem como dificultam o controle destas doenças. Assim, infere-se que os custos despendidos pelo SUS com medicamentos, internações e consultas de hipertensos e diabéticos apresentem relação inversa com NAF, incluindo a prática de caminhada e EN. Entretanto, estudos epidemiológicos que descrevam estes custos e analisem essas associações na população idosa são inexistentes no Brasil, o que dificulta a fundamentação para a implementação de políticas publicas para a economia de recursos. Objetivo Descrever os custos com procedimentos de saúde de idosos hipertensos e diabéticos e verificar qual a sua associação com NAF e EN, segundo sexo e grupos etários. Métodos A amostra foi constituída por 806 idosos com autorreferência à hipertensão e/ou diabete ( 60 anos) residentes no município de São PauloSP, participantes das três coortes do Estudo Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento SABE - em 2010. A variável dependente custo total anual (em Reais), foi estimada com base nos dados autorreferidos sobre uso de medicamentos, uso dos serviços ambulatoriais e internações hospitalares, retroativos a um ano da coleta de dados. A variáveis explanatórias: i) NAF foi estimada a partir de entrevista utilizando o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, versão curta), classificando os idosos segundo duração da realização de atividades físicas moderada, em ativos ( 150 minutos/semana) e insuficientemente ativos (< 150 minutos/semana); ii) Prática de caminhada, categorizada segundo frequência semanal: a) 4 dias/ semana; b) 1 a 3 dias/semana; c) não caminha. iii) EN, identificado pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), classificando os idosos em dois grupos: a) IMC < 28 kg/ m²; b) IMC 28 kg/ m² (excesso de peso); as variáveis de controle foram o sexo, grupos etários (a. 70 anos; b. 65 a 69 anos; c. 60 a 64 anos); estado civil (a. casado; b. outros) e, escolaridade (a. sem escolaridade; b. 1 ano). A descrição dos custos segundo as NAF e EN foi representada pelos valores de média e IC95 por cento , mediana e P25 P75, valores mínimos e máximos. Modelos de regressão logística múltipla foram empregados para analisar as associações entre variáveis dependentes e explanatórias. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5 por cento e todas as análises foram realizadas considerando amostras complexas, por meio do software Stata, 13.0. 9 Resultados: A média de custo total anual por pessoa foi de R$ 732,54 e a soma dos custos relativa a 12 meses para os 806 idosos foi de R$ 609.587,20, sempre superiores para idosos em excesso de peso, com NAF insuficiente e para idosos que não caminham. Idosos em excesso de peso apresentaram chance 50 por cento superior de estarem no grupo de maior custo total anual (OR 1.49, IC95 por cento 1.01 2.18) e mais de 70 por cento superior de maior custo com medicamentos (OR 1.71, IC95 por cento 1.18 2.47). A ausência de caminhada significou a chance superior para maiores custos anuais com medicamentos (OR 1.63, IC95 por cento 1.06 2.51) e custos totais (OR 1.82, IC95 por cento 1.17 2.81). Todas as análises ajustadas por sexo e idade. O NAF não se associou aos custos totais e custo com medicamentos (p>0.05). Conclusão: Os custos para o controle de HAS e DM em idosos são altos e se associam inversamente à prática de caminhada e ao estado nutricional, especialmente em relação ao custo com o uso de medicamentos antihipertensivos e hipoglicemiantes.

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The genus Hemidactylus Oken, 1817 has cosmopolite distribution, with three species occurring in Brazil, two of them native, H. brasilianus and H. agrius, and one exotic, H. mabouia. Considering the studies about ecology of lizards conducted in the Ecological Station of the Seridó, from 2001 to 2011, this study aimed (1) to re-evaluate the occurrence of the species of Hemidactylus in this ESEC; (2) to analyze ecological and biological aspects of the H. agrius population; and (3) to investigate the current and potential distribution of the native species of the genus in northeastern Brazil, analyzing the suitability of ESEC to this taxon. For the first two objectives, a sampling area consisting of five transects of 200 x 20 m, was inspected in alternating daily shifts for three consecutive days, from August 2012 to August 2013. For the latter objective, occurrence points of H. agrius and H. brasilianus from literature and from the database of Herpetological Collections of the UFRN and the UNICAMP were consulted to build predictive maps via the Maximum Entropy algorithm (MaxEnt). In ESEC Seridó, 62 H. agrius individuals were collected (25 females, 18 males and 19 juveniles), and two neonates were obtained from a communal nest incubated in the laboratory. No record was made for the other two species of the genus. Hemidactylus agrius demonstrated to be a nocturnal species specialized in habitats with rocky outcrops; but this species is generalist regarding microhabitat use. In the population studied, females had an average body length greater than males, and showed higher frequencies of caudal autotomy. Regarding diet, H. agrius is a moderately generalist species that consumes arthropods, especially insect larvae, Isoptera and Araneae; and vertebrates, with a case of cannibalism registered in the population. With respect to seasonal differences, only the number of food items ingested differed between seasons. The diet was similar between sexes, but ontogenetic differences were recorded for the total volume and maximum length of the food items. Significant relationships were found between lizard body/head size measurements and the maximum length of prey consumed. Cases of polydactyly and tail bifurcation were recorded in the population, with frequencies of 1.6% and 3.1%, respectively. In relation xv to the occurrence points of the native species, 27 were identified, 14 for H. agrius and 13 for H. brasilianus. The first species presented restricted distribution, while the second showed a wide distribution. In both models generated, the ESEC Seridó area showed medium to high suitability. The results of this study confirm the absence of H. brasilianus and H. mabouia this ESEC, and reveal H. agrius as a dietary opportunist and cannibal species. Further, the results confirm the distribution patterns shown by native species of Hemidactylus, and point ESEC Seridó as an area of probable occurrence for the species of the genus, the establishing of H. brasilianus and H. mabouia are probably limited by biotic factors, a fact yet little understood

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The environmental characteristics can modify the acoustics of a species due to habitat, time of day and year. Therefore, this study investigated the relationships between seasons, tide, daily cycle of tides, times of day and different habitat and noise emission of S. guianensis. Sound recordings occurred in the Curral’s Cove and Lagoon Complex of Guaraíras (CLG) in the municipality of Tibau do Sul/RN. Whistles are emitted with lower frequency during rainy season and spring tide while clicks are higher; whistles, clicks and calls have higher frequency during ebb tide. These modifications can be related with turbidity and prey availability. The whistles and clicks occurrence are higher at night probably because luminosity is lower. Furthermore, the whistles and clicks frequency reduction overnight allows the sound to travel longer distance and helps the view which is limited; but the minimum frequency increase was needed to catch the prey. The low occurrence of calls could be related to the small group size. The acoustic changes at night may be partly influenced by light levels as prey availability that is larger in this period. Whistle frequencies and click initial frequency are higher in CLG than Curral’s cove that permitted good precision. However, click central frequency is lower and may be connected to tracking the area. Several factors may be associated with such modifications as background noise, bottom and others. This study supports the hypothesis that S. guianensis presents an acoustic plasticity according to the local conditions where the species is embedded and adapts to the environmental changes.

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Gaucher’s disease (GD) is caused by a β-glucocerebrosidase deficiency, leading to the accumulation of glucocerebroside in the reticuloendothelial system. The prevalence of GD in Tabuleiro do Norte (TN) (1:4000) is the highest in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to present evidence of consanguinity and founder effect for the G377S mutation (c.1246G>A) among GD patients in TN based on enzyme, molecular and genealogical studies. Between March 2009 and December 2010, 131 subjects at risk for GD (GC in dried blood ≤2.19 nmol/h/ml) and 5 confirmed GD patients from the same community were submitted for molecular analysis to characterize the genetic profile of the population. Based on the enzymatic and molecular analysis, the subjects were classified into three categories: affected (n=5), carrier (n=20) and non-carrier (n=111). All carriers were (G377S/wt). Affected subjects were homozygous (G377S/G377S). The identification of a single mutation in carriers and homozygotes from different generations, the history of the community and the genealogy study suggest that the high prevalence of GD in this population may be due to a combination of consanguinity and founder effect for the G377S mutation

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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Educacional.

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Coleodactylus natalensis Freire, 1999, an endemic species of Atlantic Forest fragments around the Natal municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, has as type locality the Parque Estadual Dunas de Natal (05º48 S to 05º53 S and 35º09 W to 35º12 W), one of the largest restinga (herb and shrub association on sand dunes along the Brazilian coastline) associate fragment, surrounded by urban zone, placed on setentrional Atlantic Forest limits. We made estimates on populational density, spatial distribution, habitat and microhabitat preferences and feeding ecological aspects like sazonal and sexual variations on diet, prey electivities and niche breadth. We randomly sampled ninety-six 50m2 quadrants in each of the four habitats identified in the study area. Were collected 49 specimens and their stomach contents were analyzed; prey items found were correlated with leaf-litter invertebrates from habitat samples. We found a 98,5 ± 75,5 individuals/ha density, in grouped distribution pattern on densest habitats and random distribution on others habitats. This species lives mostly on leaf-litter in forest habitats, in higher humidity points, with lower temperatures, deeper leaf litter and lower sea level elevations than the randomly chosen points in the study area. Isopoda and Aranae were the most important prey categories in numeric, frequency and volumetric terms. Niche breadth has an intermediate value and was variable in sexual and in habitat terms. There was no correlation between morfometric measures and prey size on diet. The C. natalensis population studied seems to be diet opportunist, although selects larger prey items. The Parque Estadual das Dunas do Natal has several indications of anthropic pressure from the surrounding urban area that may affects the local C. natalensis population. Thus, the fragility of this species calls for urgent conservation efforts

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Tese de Doutoramento em Gerontologia apresentada à Universidade de Extremadura, Espanha

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A análise demográfica caracteriza o Brasil conforme sua população entre os anos 1991-2000, segundo os dados dos censos demográficos do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística). Em uma década houve mudanças nas características do povo brasileiro, como redução do número de católicos, das taxas de fecundidade, mortalidade e analfabetismo e aumento da urbanização em uma população de quase 170 milhões de pessoas.

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O objeto inicia abordando os grandes desafios para as políticas públicas, principalmente as da área da saúde, quanto ao envelhecimento populacional, e destaca que no Brasil o processo de envelhecimento é acelerado, mencionando ainda que nos países desenvolvidos os programas sociais direcionados ao envelhecimento das populações começaram a ganhar expressão na década de 1970. Segue mencionando que o período posterior a 1988 foi marcado por uma série de regulamentações e que em 1994 foi aprovada a Política Nacional do Idoso (PNI), e em 2003 a edição do Estatuto do Idoso. Detalha ainda que no campo da gestão algumas ações estratégicas foram criadas: Carteira de Saúde; Manual da Atenção Básica; Programa de Educação Permanente; Acolhimento; Assistência Farmacêutica; Atenção Diferenciada na Internação e Atenção Domiciliar. Menciona ainda a Política Nacional de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa e lista as diretrizes a serem seguidas nacionalmente. Termina mostrando que a nova Política Nacional da Atenção Básica, tem a saúde do idoso como uma das áreas estratégicas, e detalha o Caderno de Atenção Básica n° 19, intitulado Envelhecimento e Saúde da Pessoa Idosa. Unidade 2 do módulo 8 que compõe o Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família.