Diagnóstico da Educa����o Ambiental no ensino de Geografia: Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundia�� hidrographic basins

The goals of this study are to identify the potencialities avaiable in elementary public schools for the development of an educational process wich includes environmental issues helpping to find its integration with university in order to contribuite raises teaching levels for a better comprehension of regional environmental problems. Research data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with geography teachers analyising theirs activities and perspectives on the environmental crisis and environmental education. The study also offers sugestions for the devellopment of interdisciplinaires programs trying to contibute for the construction of citizenship showing the importance of better comprehension from environmental problems which includes physical, economics, social, political and cultural aspects.

Sensores ��pticos com detecção no infravermelho pr��ximo e m��dio

Optical chemical sensors with detection in the near and mid infrared region are reviewed. Fundamental concepts of infrared spectroscopy and optical chemical sensors are briefly described, before presenting some aspects on optical chemical sensors, such as synthesis of NIR and IR reagents, preparation of new materials as well as application in determinations of species of biological, industrial and environmental importance.

M��todos probabil��stico e determin��stico para diagnóstico da necessidade de subsolagem de solos agr��colas

This paper presents two techniques to evaluate soil mechanical resistance to penetration as an auxiliary method to help in a decision-making in subsoiling operations. The decision is based on the volume of soil mobilized as a function of the considered critical soil resistance to penetration in each case. The first method, probabilistic, uses statistical techniques to define the volume of soil to be mobilized. The other method, deterministic, determines the percentage of soil to be mobilized and its spatial distribution. Both cases plot the percentage curves of experimental data related to the soil mechanical resistance to penetration equal or larger to the established critical level and the volume of soil to be mobilized as a function of critical level. The deterministic method plots showed the spatial distribution of the data with resistance to penetration equal or large than the critical level. The comparison between mobilized soil curves as a function of critical level using both methods showed that they can be considered equivalent. The deterministic method has the advantage of showing the spatial distribution of the critical points.

Compreens��o da sexualidade por jovens com diagnóstico de defici��ncia intelectual

The study describes the comprehension of concepts about sexuality by youths diagnosed with intellectual deficiency, during classes on sexual education. The analysis of selected episodes from video transcriptions of five classes (Human Body, Kiss, Flirting, Coitus, Condom/STD) showed: the appropriation and understanding of concepts, partial difficulties of comprehension, and inhibition. The analysis of the transcripts indicated that all students were attentive to the classes, participated in the proposed tasks, and answered the questions. The observed signs of inhibition and the expression of values were similar to those observed in other youngsters, indicating the appropriation of culturally established values. The obtained evidences contrast with mythical visions related to sexuality in these youngsters, and suggest more studies about their competences.

Avalia����o in vitro do aparelho DIAGNOdent para diagnóstico oclusal

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and reliability of laser fluorescence measurements in relation to occlusal caries diagnosis. DIAGNOdent 2095 (Kavo, Biberach, Germany), which has been developed especially for caries diagnosis, was utilized. Five (5) teeth were examined in the pilot test; after that, ten (10) teeth were examined in order to calibrate both examiners. Data were obtained from 66 teeth (36 molars and 30 premolars), totalizing 144 sites identified through photographs of the occlusal surfaces. Reproducibility was evaluated in 10 teeth. The interexaminer Spearman correlation (r) was 0.89 and the intra-examiner, 0.93 and 0.97 (examiner A and B, respectively). Validation was carried out by histological examination (stereomicroscope). For the two examiners the sensitivity of the device was relatively high, varying from 0.81 to 1.00, while specificity varied according to which validation criterion was used (0.77 - 0.86: enamel lesion / 0.52 - 0.59: dentin lesion). It was concluded that DIAGNodent presented good capacity of identifying any alteration of the dental surface, nevertheless it presents the disadvantage of accomplishing many false-positive diagnosis when the validation criterion is dentin lesion.

The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization in the diagnosis of hidden mosaicism: apropos of three cases of sex chromosome anomalies

FISH has been used as a complement to classical cytogenetics in the detection of mosaicism in sex chromosome anomalies. The aim of this study is to describe three cases in which the final diagnosis could only be achieved by FISH. Case 1 was an 8-year-old 46,XY girl with normal female genitalia referred to our service because of short stature. FISH analysis of lymphocytes with probes for the X and Y centromeres identified a 45,X/46,X,idic(Y) constitution, and established the diagnosis of Turner syndrome. Case 2 was a 21-month-old 46,XY boy with genital ambiguity (penile hypospadias, right testis, and left streak gonad). FISH analysis of lymphocytes and buccal smear identified a 45,X/46,XY karyotype, leading to diagnosis of mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Case 3 was a 47,XYY 19-year-old boy with delayed neuromotor development, learning disabilities, psychological problems, tall stature, small testes, elevated gonadotropins, and azoospermia. FISH analysis of lymphocytes and buccal smear identified a 47,XYY/48,XXYY constitution. Cases 1 and 2 illustrate the phenotypic variability of the 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, and the importance of detection of the 45,X cell line for proper management and follow-up. In case 3, abnormal gonadal function could be explained by the 48,XXYY cell line. The use of FISH in clinical practice is particularly relevant when classical cytogenetic analysis yields normal or uncertain results in patients with features of sex chromosome aneuploidy. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):545-51

Contribui����o da tomografia computadorizada no diagnóstico e no estudo p��s-operat��rio dos tumores selares

The computerized tomography (C.T.) of 18 pacients with sellar tumours were analysed. The C.T. made before surgery in 6 cases was positive in 3 and the type of tumour suggested by C.T. was confirmed in 3. Twelve pacients had a C.T. investigation after surgery and the examination suggest recurrent tumour in 5. Two of these were re-operated. One pacient with colesteatoma had the recurrent tumour verified by surgery and the other, with a pituitary adenoma during re-operation was noted only cicatricial tissue at sellar region.

Salto triplo : o sistema de prepara��ao do desportista : da detecção a promo����o do talento

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educa����o F��sica

Extra����es dent��rias em Ortodontia: avalia����o de elementos de diagnóstico

Algumas m��s oclus��es exigem do ortodontista capacidade de diagnóstico para decidir pela melhor maneira de tratar o paciente. O objetivo dos autores deste artigo foi apresentar casos cl��nicos e discutir alguns elementos de diagnóstico utilizados na elabora����o do plano de tratamento, auxiliando na decis��o de extrair dentes. Foi dada ��nfase em cada elemento de diagnóstico: aspectos relacionados �� coopera����o, discrep��ncia de modelo, discrep��ncia cefalom��trica e perfil facial, idade esquel��tica (crescimento) e rela����es anteroposteriores, assimetrias dent��rias, padr��o facial e patologias. Sugere-se que a associa����o dos aspectos citados �� importante para a decis��o correta. Todavia, algumas vezes, uma caracter��stica, por si s��, pode definir o plano de tratamento.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis with involvement of the temporomandibular joint: the role of image examinations

PURPOSE: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has unknown etiology, and the involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare in the early phase of the disease. The present article describes the use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRI) images for the diagnosis of affected TMJ in JIA. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 12-year-old, female, Caucasian patient, with systemic rheumathoid arthritis and involvement of multiple joints was referred to the Imaging Center for TMJ assessment. The patient reported TMJ pain and limited opening of the mouth. The helical CT examination of the TMJ region showed asymmetric mandibular condyles, erosion of the right condyle and osteophyte-like formation. The MRI examination showed erosion of the right mandibular condyle, osteophytes, displacement without reduction and disruption of the articular disc. CONCLUSION: The disorders of the TMJ as a consequence of JIA must be carefully assessed by modern imaging methods such as CT and MRI. CT is very useful for the evaluation of discrete bone changes, which are not identified by conventional radiographs in the early phase of JIA. MRI allows the evaluation of soft tissues, the identification of acute articular inflammation and the differentiation between pannus and synovial hypertrophy.

Detecção de contamina����o de solo por vinha��a atrav��s de an��lise de dados de eletrorresistividade

The vinasse, awaste produced in the proportion of 13 liters for each liter of alcohol. It has a high potential of polluting groundwater and superficial water resources, changes the soil behaviour and can also develop sanilization problems. This work aims to evaluate the efficiency of the DC-resistivity method in detecting and mapping anomalies caused by inappropriate disposal of vinasse in an inactive infiltration tank located at Sep��-Tiaraj�� settlement of landless agricultural laborers in the Ribeir��o Preto region. Besides, as secondary goals, this work aims to characterize the type of anomaly residue as well as to diagnose its influence inside and outside of the limits of the tank. Eleven electrical resistivity tomography profiles were carried out with the dipole-dipole array, 10m of dipoles length and 5 leveis of investigation The geophysical survey enabled us to conclude that the DC-resistivity method is appropriate for mapping the contamination plume caused by intense vinasse disposal and its influence. It enabled also to conclude that the contamination exceeds the tank limits. The vinasse influence can be characterized by low resistivity values between 10 Ohm.m and 90 Ohm.m and its behavior can be compared with the one of the chorume, which is also conductive.

Doen��a granulomatosa cr��nica: diagnóstico no primeiro epis��dio infeccioso

OBJETIVO: Relatar caso ilustrativo de doen��a granulomatosa cr��nica cujo diagnóstico ocorreu durante o aparecimento do primeiro epis��dio infeccioso, colaborando com a iniciativa do Brazilian Group for Immunodeficiency para a sensibiliza����o do pediatra geral em rela����o ao diagnóstico precoce das imunodefici��ncias prim��rias, o que est�� associado a melhor qualidade de vida e maior sobrevida desses indiv��duos. DESCRI����O DE CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 39 dias de vida, admitido em pronto-socorro pedi��trico por febre alta h�� cinco dias e irritabilidade. No dia seguinte, observou-se abscesso cervical, isolando-se Staphylococcus aureus comunit��rio. Durante a interna����o, ocorreram outros abscessos superficiais e em cadeias ganglionares profundas, al��m de resposta lenta aos antimicrobianos. Solicitou-se investiga����o para imunodefici��ncias, que confirmou a hip��tese de doen��a granulomatosa cr��nica por quantifica����o dos ��nions super��xido e teste de redu����o do nitrobluetetrazolio. Paciente foi encaminhado a servi��o especializado, no qual identificou-se doador de medula ��ssea compat��vel, realizando-se o transplante seis meses ap��s o diagnóstico. Quatro meses ap��s o transplante, ocorreu normaliza����o do burst oxidativo, indicando sucesso. COMENT��RIOS: O paciente mostrou apresenta����o t��pica da doen��a, o que permitiu seu diagnóstico por pediatras gerais j�� na primeira infec����o, tendo como consequ��ncia o acompanhamento por especialistas em imunodefici��ncias prim��rias, a introdu����o da profilaxia antimicrobiana e a procura bem sucedida de doador de medula HLA-compat��vel.

Detecção de contaminantes em esp��cie bioindicadora (Corbicula fluminea) - Rio Ribeira de Iguape - SP

The study assessed heavy metal concentrations in the tissue samples of Corbiculafluminea, by ICP-OES. In the tissues, average levels of 23.99 ��g/g of Cu, 144.21 ��g/g of Zn, 0.71 ��g/g of Cd, 7.10 ��g/g of Cr and 2.41 ��g/g of Pb were detected ahowing that this last value is high and above the ANVISA reference (2.00 ��g/g) for fish and other products. The results suggest that natural processes occuring in the Ribeira de Iguape River are not sufficient for purification so that metals remain in the water and can accumulate in the trophic chain.

T��cnicas de diagnóstico de influ��ncia local na an��lise espacial da produtividade da soja

A modelagem da estrutura de depend��ncia espacial pela abordagem da geoestat��stica �� fundamental para a defini����o de par��metros que definem esta estrutura, e que s��o utilizados na interpola����o de valores em locais n��o amostrados pela t��cnica de krigagem. Entretanto, a estima����o de par��metros pode ser muito afetada pela presen��a de observa����es at��picas nos dados amostrados. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho teve por objetivo utilizar t��cnicas de diagnóstico de influ��ncia local em modelos espaciais lineares gaussianos, utilizados em geoestat��stica, para avaliar a sensibilidade dos estimadores de m��xima verossimilhan��a e m��xima verossimilhan��a restrita na presen��a de dados discrepantes. Estudos com dados experimentais mostraram que tanto a presen��a de valores at��picos como de valores considerados influentes, pela an��lise de diagnóstico, pode exercer forte influ��ncia nos mapas tem��ticos, alterando, assim, a estrutura de depend��ncia espacial. As aplica����es de t��cnicas de diagnóstico de influ��ncia local devem fazer parte de toda an��lise geoestat��stica a fim de garantir que as informa����es contidas nos mapas tem��ticos tenham maior qualidade e possam ser utilizadas com maior seguran��a pelo agricultor.

Detecção de est��mulos conc��ntricos mes��picos em crian��as surdas e ouvintes

O objetivo deste trabalho foi medir curvas de sensibilidade ao contraste de 10 crian��as ouvintes e de 10 crian��as com surdez pr��-lingual, de 7 a 12 anos, utilizando frequ��ncias radiais circularmente conc��ntricas (FSCr) de 0,25-2,0 cpg em n��veis baixos de lumin��ncia (0,7 cd/m��). Todos os participantes apresentavam acuidade visual normal e estavam livres de doen��as oculares identific��veis. A FSCr foi medida com o m��todo psicof��sico da escolha for��ada. Os resultados mostraram sensibilidade m��xima na faixa de frequ��ncia radial de 0,25 cpg para os dois grupos. Os resultados mostraram ainda diferen��as significantes entre as curvas de FSCr de crian��as ouvintes e de crian��as com surdez pr��-lingual. Isto ��, as crian��as ouvintes precisaram de menos contraste do que as crian��as surdas para detectar as frequ��ncias radiais. Esses resultados sugerem que, em n��veis baixos de lumin��ncia, a FSCr das crian��as ouvintes foi melhor do que a das crian��as com surdez pr��-lingual.