A Computer program for estimating population size by the removal method

A BASIC computer program (REMOVAL) was developed to compute in a VAXNMS environment all the calculations of the removal method for population size estimation (catch-effort method for closed populations with constant sampling effort). The program follows the maximum likelihood methodology,checks the failure conditions, applies the appropriate formula, and displays the estimates of population size and catchability, with their standard deviations and coefficients of variation, and two goodness-of-fit statistics with their significance levels. Data of removal experiments for the cyprinodontid fish Aphanius iberus in the Alt Emporda wetlands are used to exemplify the use of the program

Microcalcification evaluation in computer assisted diagnosis for digital mammography

In order to develop applications for z;isual interpretation of medical images, the early detection and evaluation of microcalcifications in digital mammograms is verg important since their presence is oftenassociated with a high incidence of breast cancers. Accurate classification into benign and malignant groups would help improve diagnostic sensitivity as well as reduce the number of unnecessa y biopsies. The challenge here is the selection of the useful features to distinguish benign from malignant micro calcifications. Our purpose in this work is to analyse a microcalcification evaluation method based on a set of shapebased features extracted from the digitised mammography. The segmentation of the microcalcificationsis performed using a fixed-tolerance region growing method to extract boundaries of calcifications with manually selected seed pixels. Taking into account that shapes and sizes of clustered microcalcificationshave been associated with a high risk of carcinoma based on digerent subjective measures, such as whether or not the calcifications are irregular, linear, vermiform, branched, rounded or ring like, our efforts were addressed to obtain a feature set related to the shape. The identification of the pammeters concerning the malignant character of the microcalcifications was performed on a set of 146 mammograms with their real diagnosis known in advance from biopsies. This allowed identifying the following shape-based parameters as the relevant ones: Number of clusters, Number of holes, Area, Feret elongation, Roughness, and Elongation. Further experiments on a set of 70 new mammogmms showed that the performance of the classification scheme is close to the mean performance of three expert radiologists, which allows to consider the proposed method for assisting the diagnosis and encourages to continue the investigation in the senseof adding new features not only related to the shape

The theory of classical Greek music

Luettelointi kesken

Music-supported training is more efficient than functional motor training for recovery of fine motor skills in stroke patients

MOTOR IMPAIRMENTS ARE COMMON AFTER STROKE but efficacious therapies for these dysfunctions are scarce. Extending an earlier study on the effects of music-supported training (MST), behavioral indices of motor function were obtained before and after a series of training sessions to assess whether this new treatment leads to improved motor functions. Furthermore, music-supported training was contrasted to functional motor training according to the principles of constraint-induced therapy (CIT). In addition to conventional physiotherapy, 32 stroke patients with moderately impaired motor function and no previous musical experience received 15 sessions of MST over a period of three weeks, using a manualized, step-bystep approach. A control group consisting of 15 patients received 15 sessions of CIT in addition to conventional physiotherapy. A third group of 30 patients received exclusively conventional physiotherapy and served as a control group for the other three groups. Fine as well as gross motor skills were trained by using either a MIDI-piano or electronic drum pads programmed to emit piano tones. Motor functions were assessed by an extensive test battery. MST yielded significant improvement in fine as well as gross motor skills with respect to speed, precision, and smoothness of movements. These improvements were greater than after CIT or conventional physiotherapy. In conclusion, with equal treatment intensity, MST leads to more pronounced improvements of motor functions after stroke than CIT.

Computer-aided discovery of biological activity spectra for anti-aging and anti-cancer olive oil oleuropeins

Aging is associated with common conditions, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer"s disease. The type of multi‐targeted pharmacological approach necessary to address a complex multifaceted disease such as aging might take advantage of pleiotropic natural polyphenols affecting a wide variety of biological processes. We have recently postulated that the secoiridoids oleuropein aglycone (OA) and decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone (DOA), two complex polyphenols present in health‐promoting extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), might constitute a new family of plant‐produced gerosuppressant agents. This paper describes an analysis of the biological activity spectra (BAS) of OA and DOA using PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) software. PASS can predict thousands of biological activities, as the BAS of a compound is an intrinsic property that is largely dependent on the compound"s structure and reflects pharmacological effects, physiological and biochemical mechanisms of action, and specific toxicities. Using Pharmaexpert, a tool that analyzes the PASS‐predicted BAS of substances based on thousands of"mechanism‐ effect" and"effect‐mechanism" relationships, we illuminate hypothesis‐generating pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and targets that might underlie the anti‐aging/anti‐cancer activities of the gerosuppressant EVOO oleuropeins.

Brain-Computer Interfaces, Virtual Reality, and Videogames

Major challenges must be tackled for brain-computer interfaces to mature into an established communications medium for VR applications, which will range from basic neuroscience studies to developing optimal peripherals and mental gamepads and more efficient brain-signal processing techniques.

Brain Computer Interface for Virtual Reality Control

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a new communication channel between the human brain and a computer. Applications of BCI systems comprise the restoration of movements, communication and environmental control. In this study experiments were made that used the BCI system to control or to navigate in virtual environments (VE) just by thoughts. BCI experiments for navigation in VR were conducted so far with synchronous BCI and asynchronous BCI systems. The synchronous BCI analyzes the EEG patterns in a predefined time window and has 2 to 3 degrees of freedom.

The Influence of spanish vihuela and lute music on the development of early seventeenth century english keyboard music as exemplified in the Fitzwilliam virginal book

Digitoitu 29.10 2008.

Funeral music

Digitoitu 16. 10. 2008.

Korean music

Digitoitu 31. 12. 2008

”The music the world makes has no words”: Musiikillisen tradition funktiot ja merkitys Toni Morrisonin romaanissa Jazz

Pro gradu -tutkielmassani tarkastelen niitä merkityksiä, joita afrikkalaisamerikkalainen musiikillinen esitystraditio saa Nobel-kirjailija Toni Morrisonin romaanissa Jazz (1992).Morrison on toistuvasti löytänyt vertailukohdan omalle kirjoittamiselleen mustasta musiikkitraditiosta. Kuvaillessaan Jazz-romaanin luomisprosessia hän on kertonut pyrkineensä rakentamaan teoksen improvisatorisen jazz-performanssin muotoon. Tutkielmassa kysyn, millä tavalla tämä jazz-improvisatorinen kerrontamuoto ilmenee Jazz-romaanissa ja miksi musiikki ja kerronnan musiikillisuus on saanut niin merkittävän roolin afrikkalaisamerikkalaisen kirjallisuuden traditiossa. Keskeiselle sijalle tutkielmassani nousee ajatus improvisatorisesta jazz-performanssista sekä romaania ohjaavana kerronnallisena periaatteena että mustan diasporisen kulttuurin ja identiteetin rakentamisen välineenä. Tukeutumalla muun muassa Ralph Ellisonin, James Baldwinin, Albert Murrayn, Henry Louis Gates Jr:n, Houston A. Baker Jr:n, Paul Gilroyn, Kimberly W. Benstonin ja Nathaniel Mackeyn kirjoituksiin mustasta esitystraditiosta tarkastelen, mitä eri merkityksiä jazz- ja blues-musiikille on annettu afrikkalaisamerikkalaisessa kirjallisuudessa. Jazzissa musiikki toimii ensisijaisesti keinona työstää menneisyyttä: musiikillinen improvisaatio avaa tien ihmisen henkilökohtaisten muistojen ja menneisyyden konfliktien tarkastelulle. Kyse on identiteettiprosessista, joka ohjaa toistuvasti määrittelemään uudelleen ne rakenteet, joissa ihmisen minuus kehittyy. Samalla musiikillisuuden taustalta voidaan löytää pyrkimys vapauttaa teos kertovuudesta ja kohdistaa lukijan huomio tekstin tuottamaan liikkeeseen, romaaniin performanssina. Tämä ohjaa kirjallisuuden kohti rituaalista: musiikillisuuden funktiona on tuoda tarina voimakkaammin osaksi lukijan kokemuksellista nykyhetkeä. Morrisonin romaanikirjoittamista ohjaa halu kehittää jatkuvasti uusia mahdollisuuksia ymmärtää ja lähestyä menneisyyttä sekä rakentaa kriittinen suhde afrikkalaisamerikkalaista kulttuuria määrittäneisiin historiallisiin narratiiveihin. Jazzromaanin tapahtumat sijoittuvat keskelle afrikkalaisamerikkalaisen urbaanin kulttuurin ja amerikkalaisen modernismin kehityksen keskeisintä vuosikymmentä, 1920-lukua. Romaanin sisällön analyysissa tarkastelen muun muassa romaanin kaupunkitilan kuvausta ja sen kiinnittymistä urbaanin kulutuskulttuurin tuottamaan visuaaliseen spektaakkeliin. Jazzissa Morrisonin voidaan nähdä työstävän suhdetta tiettyyn historialliseen aikakauteen, joka on merkittävällä tavalla muokannut sekä afrikkalaisamerikkalaista kulttuurista yhteisöllisyyttä että tiettyjä ”mustan” tai ”mustuuden” representaatioita osana amerikkalaista urbaania ympäristöä.