Fracture imaging within a granitic rock aquifer using multiple-offset single-hole and cross-hole GPR reflection data

The sparsely spaced highly permeable fractures of the granitic rock aquifer at Stang-er-Brune (Brittany, France) form a well-connected fracture network of high permeability but unknown geometry. Previous work based on optical and acoustic logging together with single-hole and cross-hole flowmeter data acquired in 3 neighbouring boreholes (70-100 m deep) has identified the most important permeable fractures crossing the boreholes and their hydraulic connections. To constrain possible flow paths by estimating the geometries of known and previously unknown fractures, we have acquired, processed and interpreted multifold, single- and cross-hole GPR data using 100 and 250 MHz antennas. The GPR data processing scheme consisting of timezero corrections, scaling, bandpass filtering and F-X deconvolution, eigenvector filtering, muting, pre-stack Kirchhoff depth migration and stacking was used to differentiate fluid-filled fracture reflections from source generated noise. The final stacked and pre-stack depth-migrated GPR sections provide high-resolution images of individual fractures (dipping 30-90°) in the surroundings (2-20 m for the 100 MHz antennas; 2-12 m for the 250 MHz antennas) of each borehole in a 2D plane projection that are of superior quality to those obtained from single-offset sections. Most fractures previously identified from hydraulic testing can be correlated to reflections in the single-hole data. Several previously unknown major near vertical fractures have also been identified away from the boreholes.

Genetic loci influencing kidney function and chronic kidney disease.

Using genome-wide association, we identify common variants at 2p12-p13, 6q26, 17q23 and 19q13 associated with serum creatinine, a marker of kidney function (P = 10(-10) to 10(-15)). Of these, rs10206899 (near NAT8, 2p12-p13) and rs4805834 (near SLC7A9, 19q13) were also associated with chronic kidney disease (P = 5.0 x 10(-5) and P = 3.6 x 10(-4), respectively). Our findings provide insight into metabolic, solute and drug-transport pathways underlying susceptibility to chronic kidney disease.

Assessing dystrophies and other muscle diseases at the nanometer scale by atomic force microscopy.

AIM: Atomic force microscopy nanoindentation of myofibers was used to assess and quantitatively diagnose muscular dystrophies from human patients. MATERIALS & METHODS: Myofibers were probed from fresh or frozen muscle biopsies from human dystrophic patients and healthy volunteers, as well as mice models, and Young's modulus stiffness values were determined. RESULTS: Fibers displaying abnormally low mechanical stability were detected in biopsies from patients affected by 11 distinct muscle diseases, and Young's modulus values were commensurate to the severity of the disease. Abnormal myofiber resistance was also observed from consulting patients whose muscle condition could not be detected or unambiguously diagnosed otherwise. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION: This study provides a proof-of-concept that atomic force microscopy yields a quantitative read-out of human muscle function from clinical biopsies, and that it may thereby complement current muscular dystrophy diagnosis.

« Compillation des Cronicques et ystores des Bretons, partie en III livretz, » par Pierre LE BAUT, secrétaire de Jean, sire de Derval.

Exemplaire enluminé, aux armes de Jean de Derval, avec plusieurs grandes miniatures, parmi lesquelles, au fol. 393 v°, une peinture à pleine page représentant Pierre Le Baut, offrant son livre à Jean de Derval et à sa femme Hélène de Laval ; au bas de cette miniature, la devise : Sans plus. — Au fol. 1 v°, on lit la devise : « Tout pour une. Argentré. Ay. »

Vitae sanctorum. Pars II. Saints de la fin du mois de février et du mois de mars.

Albinus (41 v). - Amandus (1). - Benedictus (85 v). - Cyriacus (115 v). - Donatus (46). - Euphrasia (4 v). - Felicitas et Perpetua (64). - Focas (55 v). - Nestor (22 v). - Patricius (72). - Vodoalus cognomento Benedictus (25 v). - Yventius (1).

Vitae sanctorum. Pars I. Saints du mois de janvier.

Agnes (184). - Ascla (205). - Babillus (206 v). - Balthildis regina (243 v). - Concordius (20). -Emerentiana (204). - Felix, 19 kl. febr. (105). - Firminus (101). - Fructuosus etc. (189). - Furseus (114). - Genovefa (21 v). - Hilarius (92). - Julianus et Bas. (67). - Leucus, Tyrsus et Galenicus (227). -Lutianus (62). - Macra (59). - Marcellus papa (107 v). - Martina (7 v). - Nicolaus (258 v). - Patroclus (190 v). - Paula (213 v). - Policarpus (209 v). - Quintinus (34 v). - Remigius (98). - Rigobertus (36 v). - Sabinianus (239 v). - Saturninus, Davitus etc. (142). - Sebastianus (154 v). - Speusipphus El. et Mel. (132 v). - Sulpitius (138 v). - Symeon (49 v). - Theogenius (32). - Timotheus (202 v). - Vincentius (194).

[Recueil].

Capitulare Haristallense (a. 779), Capitulare Mantuanum secundum, generale (a. 813) (Ar-v). - Admonitio generalis (1v). - Collectio capitularium Ansegisi (1bis-64v). - Lex salica (65v-92v). - Pactus Childeberti I et Chlotharii I (a. 511/558) (92v-94v). - Childeberti II decretio (a. 596) (94v-96). - Capitula legibus addenda (a. 818/819) [Ajout du XVIe s.] (96bis v-ter) Isidorus Hispalensis, De auctoribus legum [Etymologiae, liber V] (97-120v). - Lex Alamannorum (121v-144v). Les ff. 1-56 ont peut-être été copiés à Tours ou dans les environs. Les feuilles de papier contiennent des ajouts manuscrits, du XVIe s. Les mss. lat. 18237 et 18238 ont été consultés par Etienne Baluze (1630-1718), bibliothécaire de Colbert et canoniste, pour son édition des Capitularia regum francorum."