Modelização de um dispositivo de travagem automático de via, através do método dos elementos finitos

Apresenta-se a modelização, através do Método dos Elementos Finitos, de um sistema de proteção automática de comboios, denominado DTAV – Dispositivo de Travagem Automático de Via. A modelização é realizada com o auxílio do software Ansys 13.0. Descreve-se a evolução histórica dos sistemas de proteção automática de comboios, desde a época vitoriana até à atualidade. São categorizados os vários tipos de sistemas de proteção existentes, consoante as suas funcionalidades e os seus princípios físicos de funcionamento. É apresentada uma breve descrição da normalização em vigor, aplicada aos sistemas de proteção automáticos de comboios. Descreve-se em pormenor o sistema DTAV, nomeadamente a sua funcionalidade, o seu princípio físico de funcionamento e o conjunto de equipamentos de que é constituído. Apresenta-se uma breve introdução sobre o método dos elementos finitos, enquadrando o modelo criado com os princípios físicos em que se fundamenta, nomeadamente através da descrição das equações de eletromagnetismo. Desenvolve-se modelo do sistema DTAV, evidenciado as etapas da construção e os resultados obtidos, validados por um conjunto de especificações e ensaios prévios realizados em laboratório.

Levantamento de anomalias nos sistemas impermeabilizantes de coberturas planas

As coberturas planas são um dos principais elementos construtivos de uma edificação, necessitando por isso de materiais com qualidade e certificados por organismos competentes, bem como de uma conceção e execução minuciosas. Em Portugal, os estudos sobre as anomalias realmente observadas em coberturas planas são ainda bastante reduzidos. Nesse âmbito, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, efetuar o levantamento e a análise estatística das principais anomalias e causas identificadas em coberturas planas de 75 edifícios, permitindo assim a elaboração de um estudo que possa contribuir para a prevenção dessas anomalias e que indique também as medidas necessárias à reparação e os respetivos custos associados. As anomalias foram analisadas através da observação "in situ" das coberturas o que conduziu ao preenchimento de fichas de obra com os dados recolhidos. Da análise estatística efetuada aos edifícios, verificou-se que as principais anomalias detetadas estão relacionadas com perfurações e fissurações do sistema impermeabilizante, resultantes da falta de conhecimento dos utilizadores. Foi possível verificar erros de execução de remates em pontos singulares da cobertura, por falta de pormenores construtivos desses pontos ou erros de execução por parte do aplicador. Em muitos dos casos estudados, não foi detetada nenhuma anomalia, porque se considerou razoável considerar que o sistema impermeabilizante tenha atingido o fim de vida útil. O custo médio por metro quadrado associado à reabilitação de uma cobertura plana é influenciado principalmente por dois fatores: área e acessibilidade da cobertura. O tipo de anomalia e/ou a sua causa não determinaram o custo por metro quadrado da reparação efetuada, pois esta foi sempre de caracter integral e nunca pontual.

Antimicrobial activity of pyrazine and quinoxaline N,N’-dioxide heterocyclic compounds

The nitrogen heterocyclic organic compounds 1,4 dioxide pyrazine and quinoxaline derivatives have been widely studied due to their potential use as synthetic drugs. The thermochemical study of three N,N´-dioxides: 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine-1,4-dioxide, tetramethylpyrazine-1,4-dioxide and 6-chloro-2,3-dimethilquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide has been recently developed in order to establish relationships among the energetical, structural and reactivity properties [4,5]. Several studies have reported their pharmacological activity, particularly as antimicrobial agents [1,2,3]. It has also been established a relation between energetical and structural properties and biological activity, once these compounds present N – oxide bonds, increasing their oxidative capacity. The present work reports the study of antimicrobial activity for those compounds against the bacteria Geobacillus stearothermophylus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli and also against the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae PYCC 4072, Candida albicans PYCC3436T, Candida tropicalis PYCC, Issatchenka Orientalis PYCC. The determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), points to an antimicrobial activity and the preliminary results indicate that these compounds may be potential candidates as antimicrobial drugs with clinical, agriculture or food industries applications.

New ionic liquids and salts derived from β-Lactam antibiotics

In recent years ionic liquids (ILs) have been increasing the popularity and the number of applications. Ionic liquids were used mainly as solvent in organic synthesis, but in recent years they are also used in analytical chemistry, separation chemistry and material science. Additional to significant developments in their chemical properties and applications, ionic liquids are now bringing unexpected opportunities at the interface of chemistry with the life sciences. Ionic liquids (ILs) are currently defined as salts that are composed solely of cations and anions which melt below 100ºC. Our goal in this work is to explore the dual activity of the ionic liquids, due to the presence of two different ions, an anion with bacterial activity as β-lactam antibiotics and different kinds of cations. In this work the anions of ILs and salts were derived from three different antibiotics: ampicillin, penicillin and amoxicillin. The cations were derived from substituted ammonium, phosphonium pyridinium and methylimidazolium salts, such as: tetraethyl ammonium, trihexiltetradecilphosphonium, cetylpyridinium, choline (an essential nutrient), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and 1-ethanol-3-methyl imidazolium structures. Commercial ammonium and phosponium halogen salts were first transformed into hydroxides on ionic exchange column (Amberlite IRA-400) in methanol. The prepared hydroxides were then neutralized with β-lactam antibiotics. After crystallization we obtained pure ILs and salts containing β-lactam antibiotics. This work presents a novel method for preparation of new salts of antibiotics with low melting point and their chemistry and microbiological characterization.

Development of novel ionic liquids based on valproate anion

Valproic acid (2-propyl pentanoic acid) is a pharmaceutical drug used for treatment of epileptic seizures absence, tonic-clonic (grand mal), complex partial seizures, and mania in bipolar disorder [1]. Valproic acid is a slightly soluble in water and therefore as active pharmaceutical ingredient it is most commonly applied in form of sodium or magnesium valproate salt [1].However the list of adverse effects of these compounds is large and includes among others: tiredness, tremor, sedation and gastrointestinal disturbances [2]. Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising compounds as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)[3]. In this context, the combinations of the valproate anion with appropriate cation when ILs and salts are formed can significantly alter valproate physical, chemical and thermal properties.[4] This methodology can be used for drug modification (alteration of drug solubility in water, lipids, bioavailability, etc)[2] and therefore can eliminate some adverse effect of the drugs related to drug toxicity due for example to its solubility in water and lipids (interaction with intestines). Herein, we will discuss the development of ILs based on valproate anion (Figure 1) prepared according a recent optimized and sustainable acid-base neutralization method [4]. The organic cations such as cetylpyridinium, choline and imidazolium structures were selected based on their biocompatibility and recent applications in pharmacy [3]. All novel API-ILs based on valproate have been studied in terms of their physical, chemical (viscosity, density, solubility) and thermal (calorimetric studies) properties as well as their biological activity.

Synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activity on cancer cell lines of new ionic liquids from ampicillin

Ionic Liquids (ILs) are ionic compounds that possess melting temperature below 100ºC and they have been a topic of great interest since the mid-1990s due to their unique properties. The range of IL uses has been broadened, due to a significant increase in the variety of physical, chemical and biological ILs properties. They are now used as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and recent interests are focused on their application as innovative solutions in new medical treatment and delivery options.1 In this work, our principal objective was the synthesis and investigation of physicochemical and medical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) and organic salts from ampicillin. This approach is of huge interest in pharmaceutical industry as cation and anion composition of ILs and organic salts can greatly alter their desired properties, namely the melting temperature and even synergistic effects can be obtained.2,3 For the synthesis of these compounds we used a recently developed method proposed by Ohno et al.4 for the preparation of quaternary ammonium and phosphonium hydroxides, that were neutralized by ampicillin. After purification we obtained pure ILs and salts in good yields. These ILs shows good antimicrobial and antifungal activities. As it is well known that some ionic liquids containing phosphonium and ammonium cation also shows anti-cancer activity1,5 we also decided to study these compounds against some cancer cell lines.

Preparation and characterization of beta-lactam antibiotic as Ionic liquids and salts

With the increase of bacterial resistance a large number of therapeutic strategies have been used to fight different kind of infections. In recent years ionic liquids (ILs) have been increasing the popularity and the number of applications. First ionic liquids were used mainly as solvent in organic synthesis, but now they are used in analytical chemistry, separation chemistry and material science among others. Additional to significant developments in their chemical properties and applications, ionic liquids are now bringing unexpected opportunities at the interface of chemistry with the life sciences Ionic liquids (ILs) are currently defined as salts that are composed solely of cations and anions which melt below 100ºC. Our goal in this work is to explore the dual activity of the ionic liquids, due to the presence of two different ions, an ion with bacterial activity as a beta-lactam antibiotic and different kinds of cations. In this work the anions of ILs and salts were derived from three different antibiotics: ampicillin, penicillin and amoxicillin. The cations were derived from substituted ammonium, phosphonium pyridinium and methylimidazolium salts, such as: tetraethyl ammonium, trihexiltetradecilphosphonium, cetylpyridinium, choline (an essential nutrient), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and 1-ethanol-3-methyl imidazolium structures. Commercial ammonium and phosponium halogen salts were first transformed into hydroxides. on ionic exchange column (Amberlite IRA-400) in methanol. The prepared hydroxides were then neutralized with beta-lactam antibiotics. After crystallization we obtained pure ILs and salts containing beta-lactam antibiotics. This work presents a novel method for preparation of new salts of antibiotics with low melting point and their characterization.

Fungidal and bacterial activity of N,N-dimethyl-4-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-(phenylamino)ethyl)aniline

N,N-dimethyl-4-((phenylamino)methyl)aniline (1) was prepared by condensation of aniline and 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde [1] N,N-dimethyl-4-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-(phenylamino)ethyl)aniline (2) was synthesized by trichloromethylation of the imine (N,N-dimethyl-4-((phenylimino)methyl)aniline (1)) with trichloroacetic anhydride under microwave irradiation [2] (Sheme 1). The present work reports the study of bacterial and yeast activity for the compound 2. The bacteria used in this study are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and the yeast are Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Candida albican.The results that we will present are the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), by means of microdilution by plate method and the specific growth constants for this microorganism. Further studies are being performed to determine viability and cellular injury with this drug.

Development and biological evaluation of API-ILs based on anti-bacterial and anti-fungal drugs

In recent years Ionic Liquids (ILs) are being applied in life sciences. ILs are being produce with active pharmaceutical drugs (API) as they can reduce polymorphism and drug solubility problems [1] Also ILs are being applied as a drug delivery device in innovative therapies What is appealing in ILs is the ILs building up platform, the counter-ion can be carefully chosen in order to avoid undesirable side effects or to give innovative therapies in which two active ions are paired. This work shows ILs based on ampicillin (an anti-bacterial agent) and ILs based on Amphotericin B. Also we show studies that indicate that ILs based on Ampicillin could reverse resistance in some bacteria. The ILs produced in this work were synthetized by the neutralization method described in Ferraz et. al. [2] Ampicillin anion was combined with the following organic cations 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, [EMIM]; 1-hydroxy-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C2OHMIM]; choline, [cholin]; tetraethylammonium, [TEA]; cetylpyridinium, [C16pyr] and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium, [P6,6,6,14]. Amphotericin B was combined with [C16pyr], [cholin] and 1-metohyethyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C3OMIM]. The ILs-APIs based on ampicillin[2] were tested against sensitive Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumonia (clinical isolated), as well as on Gram positive Staphylococcus Aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis. The arising resistance developed by bacteria to antibiotics is a serious public health threat and needs new and urgent measures. We study the bacterial activity of these compounds against a panel of resistant bacteria (clinical isolated strains): E. coli CTX M9, E. coli TEM CTX M9, E. coli TEM1, E. coli CTX M2, E. coli AmpC Mox2. In this work we demonstrate that is possible to produce ILs from anti-bacterial and anti-fungal compounds. We show here that the new ILs can reverse the bacteria resistance. With the careful choice of the organic cation, it is possible to create important biological and physic-chemical properties. This work also shows that the ion-pair is fundamental in ampicillin mechanism of action.

Perceção do consumidor sobre marcas de lacticínios dos Açores

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Económicas e Empresariais, 6 de Dezembro de 2012, Universidade dos Açores.

Qualidade da fragmentação no desmonte de rocha: análise preliminar

Mestrado em Engenharia Geotécnica e Geoambiente

Sustentabilidade das finanças locais

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Económicas e Empresariais

Métricas de avaliação de websites : uma aplicação aos transportes aéreos

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão de Empresas/MBA.

Evaluation of solubility and partition properties of ampicillin-based ionic liquids

In order to overcome the problems associated with low water solubility, and consequently low bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), herein we explore a modular ionic liquid synthetic strategy for improved APIs. Ionic liquids containing l-ampicillin as active pharmaceutical ingredient anion were prepared using the methodology developed in our previous work, using organic cations selected from substituted ammonium, phosphonium, pyridinium and methylimidazolium salts, with the intent of enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of l-ampicillin forms. In order to evaluate important properties of the synthesized API-ILs, the water solubility at 25 °C and 37 °C (body temperature) as well as octanol–water partition coefficients (Kow's) and HDPC micelles partition at 25 °C were measured. Critical micelle concentrations (CMC's) in water at 25 °C and 37 °C of the pharmaceutical ionic liquids bearing cations with surfactant properties were also determined from ionic conductivity measurements.

Primeiro acto: música de cena

Deste "Primeiro Acto" fazem parte algumas das músicas que fui compondo para peças de teatro ao longo de vários anos. Como é evidente, a música de cena coexiste com a imagem e representação teatral e a elas está ligada duma forma inseparável. Contudo, pretendo que algumas das músicas possam ter autonomia suficiente para se apresentarem sozinhas como peças musicais independentes. Tal foi o propósito deste disco. A escolha dos trechos de música obedeceu a um critério musical e dramático que vagamente jogasse com dois mundos: a cidade e o circo. Passados cinco anos do lançamento do CD fui convidado pela Direcção do Festival Internacional de Teatro de Expressão Ibérica – FITEI para conceber e realizar um espectáculo, para o FITEI – 2005, com músicas e canções que fui fazendo para teatro ao longo dos anos. Servindo-me como base das músicas deste CD, juntando outras, e escrevendo um guião cénico de ligação das várias músicas, com novos arranjos instrumentais, juntaram-se dez músicos, quatro cantores e quatro bailarinos para realizar esse espectáculo que, além da sua estreia em 2005 no Teatro Rivoli, no Porto, foi apresentado também nas comemorações do Dia Mundial de Teatro de 2006 no Teatro Nacional D. Maria II. Os trechos musicais escolhidos fizeram parte dos seguintes espectáculos: "Hoje começa o Circo" de João Lóio, encenado por João Mota, pelo Grupo de Teatro Roda Viva, Porto,1978; "Mais um Dia", espectáculo musical de João Lóio, Porto,1987; "Dança de Roda" de Arthur Schnitzler, encenado por João Paulo Costa, pelo Grupo de Teatro " Os Comediantes", Porto, 1990; "Um certo Plume" de Henri Michaux, encenado por Adriano Luz no Teatro da Cornucópia, Lisboa, 1993; "Aurélio da Paz dos Reis", filme realizado por Manuel Faria de Almeida, Lisboa, 1995; "Edmond" de David Mamet, encenado por Adriano Luz no Teatro Nacional D. Maria II, Lisboa, 1996; "A pandilha" de Cândido Ferreira, encenado por Cândido Ferreira, pelo Teatro Experimental do Porto, Porto, 1996 (No final deste texto dá-se informação pormenorizada sobre as peças e filme dos quais estes trechos musicais fizeram parte).Gravado em Junho, Julho e Setembro de 2000, este CD tem a seguinte ficha técnica: Direccção Musical e Produção: João Lóio; Gravação: Fernando Rangel; Mistura: Fernando Rangel e João Lóio; Masterização: Fernando Rangel; Estúdio de Gravação: Fortes & Rangel, Porto; Desenho Gráfico: José Tavares; Fotografias: Jorge Gigante e José Tavares. O “PRIMEIRO ACTO” contou com a participação dos seguintes músicos: Flauta: Jorge Salgado; Saxofone Soprano: Fernanda Alves; Saxofone Alto: Rosa Oliveira; Saxofone Tenor: Mário Santos; Isabel Anjo; Saxofone Barítono: Mário Brito; Trompa: Bohdan Sebestick; Trombone: Vítor Faria; Tuba: Manuel Costa; Harpa : Ana Paula Miranda ; Acordeão: Arnaldo Fonseca ; Guitarras: Carlos Rocha; Baixo Acústico: Firmino Neiva; Piano: Carlos Azevedo; Helena Marinho; Paulino Garcia; Violinos: David Lloyd; Richard Tomes; Suzanna Lidegran; Viola: David Lloyd; Violoncelo: Miranda T. Adams; Contrabaixo: António Augusto Aguiar; Sintetizador: João Lóio ; Percussão : Mário Teixeira; Coro: Guilhermino Monteiro, Jorge Prendas, Rui Vilhena.