Taipuisa työhyvinvointi : puheenvuoro vastavuoroisuuden puolesta

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Caracterização genética de populações naturais de araticunzeiro (Annona crassiflora Mart. - Annonaceae) no Estado de Goiás

No intuito de avaliar a magnitude e a distribuição da variabilidade genética existente em populações naturais de araticunzeiro, seis populações oriundas de duas regiões do Estado de Goiás foram amostradas (30 indivíduos cada) e analisadas para quatro sistemas enzimáticos: 6-Fosfogluconato Desidrogenase (6PGD), Fosfoglucomutase (PGM), Malato Desidrogenase (MDH) e Leucina Aminopeptidase (LAP). Dois locos diméricos foram encontrados para a enzima 6PGD, e um loco monomérico para os demais sistemas. Somente a enzima MDH apresentou monomorfismo em todas as populações, sendo que o número médio de alelos por loco polimórfico foi igual a dois. A heterozigosidade total média foi de 0,357, denotando a existência de elevada variabilidade genética na região para esta espécie. Cerca de 19% da variação genética total foram devidos a diferenças interpopulacionais, indicando uma elevada divergência genética entre as populações. A análise de variância das freqüências alélicas para os locos polimórficos no conjunto de populações evidenciou um elevado grau de estruturação genética em nível populacional, tendo-se observado coeficientes significativos para o parentesco entre indivíduos dentro de populações e para a endogamia total em nível individual. A avaliação da divergência genética entre as populações sugeriu a existência de um efeito da distribuição espacial sobre a magnitude da similaridade entre as mesmas. Os resultados sugerem que a espécie se reproduz preferencialmente por alogamia, em conformidade com achados de outros autores.

What do Sports Sponsors Really Want? The effects of service quality, service value and customer satisfaction on behavioral intentions in sports sponsorship context

The aim of this Master’s thesis was to study the antecedents of customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions and their relative relationships in the sports sponsorship context. The possible antecedents under investigation in the current research are service value and service quality. As the academic background in the sports sponsorship literature is still rather modest there was a need for further empirical testing. The theoretical part of the research builds on the existing services marketing literature with sports sponsorship and business-to-business contexts in mind. The empirical study focused on the case company Liiga-SaiPa Oy. The data for the empirical analysis was collected via quantitative online survey. The total sample consisted of 357 the case company’s business customers and a total of 80 usable responses were collected. The data was analyzed by using statistical analysis software, SPSS. According to the results of the empirical analysis the most important antecedent of behavioral intentions in the underlying context is customer satisfaction. Also service value was found to have a direct and positive relationship with behavioral intentions. Moreover no indirect relationships through satisfaction were found between service quality and service value and behavioral intentions. However both constructs of service value and service quality were diagnosed to have a direct and positive effect on customer satisfaction. Service quality was also found to be a direct antecedent of service value with other service value benefits. However a contradicting finding with the current literature was, that service value sacrifices were not found to have a significant relationship with overall service value perceptions.

Maiseman- ja luonnonhoidon yleissuunnitelma

Perinteisen karjatalouden muovaamat perinnebiotoopit, kuten kedot, niityt, hakamaat ja metsälaitumet, ovat monimuotoisimpia luontoympäristöjämme. Nämä maaseudun arvokkaat kohteet sekä kauniit avoimet maisemat säilyvät vain hoidon avulla. Härkää sarvista on ylimaakunnallinen hanke, jonka tavoitteena on arvokkaiden kohteiden laidunnushoidon järjestäminen. Muurasjärven kylä on valittu yhdeksi hankkeen kohdealueista, joille on laadittu maiseman- ja luonnonhoidon yleissuunnitelma. Yleissuunnitelmassa on määritelty mahdollisia luonnonlaidunkohteita kuten perinnemaisemia, ranta-alueita ja muita laidunnuksesta hyötyviä kohteita sekä muita maatalousalueiden maiseman- ja luonnonhoidon kohteita. Suunnitelmassa on mukana tietoa hoitomenetelmistä ja rahoitusmahdollisuuksista. Tavoitteena on saada kohteita hoidon piiriin, innostaa maanomistajia ja löytää kohteille hoitajiksi karjatilallisia ja paikallisia yhdistyksiä. Mahdolliset hoitotoimenpiteet perustuvat täysin vapaaehtoisuuteen. Hankkeen puitteissa voidaan avustaa kohteiden hoidon suunnittelussa ja rahoitusten hakemisessa. Yleissuunnittelun tiedotus ja maastotyöt suoritettiin kevään ja kesän 2011 aikana. Mahdollisten kohteiden omistajille ja karjatilallisille tehtiin kysely, jonka pohjalta ilmoitetuille kohteille tehtiin maastokäynti. Myös aiempia selvityksiä hyödynnettiin suunnitelman valmistelutyössä. Lisäksi on tarkasteltu maisemallisesti tärkeitä kohteita. Härkää sarvista –hankkeen toiminta-aika on 1.6.2009–30.9.2012. Hanketta toteuttavat Keski-Suomen, Pirkanmaan, Etelä-Pohjanmaan ja Etelä-Savon ELY-keskukset sekä alueelliset ProAgriat.

Effects of aerobic exercise training on heart rate variability during wakefulness and sleep and cardiorespiratory responses of young and middle-aged healthy men

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic physical training (APT) on heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiorespiratory responses at peak condition and ventilatory anaerobic threshold. Ten young (Y: median = 21 years) and seven middle-aged (MA = 53 years) healthy sedentary men were studied. Dynamic exercise tests were performed on a cycloergometer using a continuous ramp protocol (12 to 20 W/min) until exhaustion. A dynamic 24-h electrocardiogram was analyzed by time (TD) (standard deviation of mean R-R intervals) and frequency domain (FD) methods. The power spectral components were expressed as absolute (a) and normalized units (nu) at low (LF) and high (HF) frequencies and as the LF/HF ratio. Control (C) condition: HRV in TD (Y: 108, MA: 96 ms; P<0.05) and FD - LFa, HFa - was significantly higher in young (1030; 2589 ms²/Hz) than in middle-aged men (357; 342 ms²/Hz) only during sleep (P<0.05); post-training effects: resting bradycardia (P<0.05) in the awake condition in both groups; VO2 increased for both groups at anaerobic threshold (P<0.05), and at peak condition only in young men; HRV in TD and FD (a and nu) was not significantly changed by training in either groups. The vagal predominance during sleep is reduced with aging. The resting bradycardia induced by short-term APT in both age groups suggests that this adaptation is much more related to intrinsic alterations in sinus node than in efferent vagal-sympathetic modulation. Furthermore, the greater alterations in VO2 than in HRV may be related to short-term APT.

Antibodies to citrullinated peptides are not associated with the rate of joint destruction in patients with a well-established diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

Antibodies to citrullinated peptides are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and represent a significant risk factor for undifferentiated polyarthritis. This prognostic ability may be related to the very diagnostic performance of these autoantibodies, since RA is a more erosive disease than other forms of arthritis. The present study evaluated an association of antibodies to citrullinated peptides and the rate of joint destruction in patients with a well-established diagnosis of RA. Seventy-one patients with RA were evaluated in 1994 and again in 2002 (functional class, joint count, Health Assessment Questionnaire score, hands X-ray). Autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-perinuclear factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies) and Sharp's index were analyzed blindly. Delta Sharp was calculated as the difference in Sharp's index obtained in 1994 and 2002. During the follow-up the Health Assessment Questionnaire score increased from 0.91 ± 0.74 to 1.39 ± 0.72 (P < 0.001). Similarly, the number of swollen joints increased from 4.6 ± 5.71 to 6.4 ± 4.1 (P = 0.002). The frequency of autoantibodies and anti-CCP titer remained stable; however, serum RF concentration increased from 202.8 ± 357.6 to 416.6 ± 636.5 IU/mL (P = 0.003). Sharp's index increased from 56.7 ± 62.1 to 92.4 ± 80.9 (P < 0.001). No correlation was observed between Delta Sharp and the presence of RF, anti-perinuclear factor, and anti-CCP antibodies at baseline. Antibodies to citrullinated epitopes are specific and early markers for the diagnosis of RA but do not seem to be associated with the rate of joint destruction in patients with a well-established diagnosis of RA.

Tonic and reflex cardiovascular autonomic control in trained-female rats

The effects of exercise training on cardiovascular and autonomic functions were investigated in female rats. After an aerobic exercise training period (treadmill: 5 days/week for 8 weeks), conscious female Wistar (2 to 3 months) sedentary (S, N = 7) or trained rats (T, N = 7) were cannulated for direct arterial pressure (AP) recording in the non-ovulatory phases. Vagal (VT) and sympathetic tonus (ST) were evaluated by vagal (atropine) and sympathetic (propranolol) blockade. Baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated by the heart rate responses induced by AP changes. Cardiopulmonary reflex was measured by the bradycardic and hypotensive responses to serotonin. Resting bradycardia was observed in T (332 ± 7 bpm) compared with S animals (357 ± 10 bpm), whereas AP did not differ between groups. T animals exhibited depressed VT and ST (32 ± 7 and 15 ± 4 bpm) compared to S animals (55 ± 5 and 39 ± 10 bpm). The baroreflex and cardiopulmonary bradycardic responses were lower in T (-1.01 ± 0.27 bpm/mmHg and -17 ± 6 bpm) than in the S group (-1.47 ± 0.3 bpm/mmHg and -41 ± 9 bpm). Significant correlations were observed between VT and baroreflex (r = -0.72) and cardiopulmonary (r = -0.76) bradycardic responses. These data show that exercise training in healthy female rats induced resting bradycardia that was probably due to a reduced cardiac ST. Additionally, trained female rats presented attenuated bradycardic responses to baro- and cardiopulmonary receptor stimulation that were associated, at least in part, with exercise training-induced cardiac vagal reduction.

Avaliação nutricional de uma dieta suplementada com multimistura: estudo em ratos

Foi realizado estudo utilizando-se 60 ratos machos Wistar, com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de uma multimistura no combate à desnutrição. Todos os ratos foram submetidos a 14 dias de depleção, após este período, 12 ratos foram selecionados para formar o Grupo 0 ou Aprotéico; o restante foi distribuído em 4 grupos: I - dieta controle; II - dieta creche; III - dieta creche mais 1,2g de Multimistura e IV - dieta creche mais 2,4g de multimistura. A multimistura constituía-se por 47,5% de fubá de milho; 47,5% de farelo de trigo; 4% de pó de sementes de melão, gergelim, abóbora e amendoim; 0,5% de pó da folha da mandioca e 0,5% do pó da casca de ovo. A composição centesimal da multimistura reportou elevados teores de carboidratos (74,24%) e proteínas (11,75%). A multimistura apresentou em sua composição mineral 8,07% de ferro; 357,45mg% de cálcio; 235,10mg% de magnésio; 677,65% de potássio; 570,21mg% de fósforo e 7,02mg% de sódio. No ensaio biológico, observou-se que o Grupo I - controle - obteve um ganho de peso corporal de 42% mais elevado que os Grupos II e III e 37% a mais que o Grupo IV. As ingestões alimentar e protéica foram superiores no Grupo I. Observou-se que o acréscimo de multimistura não influenciou na recuperação ponderal dos ratos.

Aguardente de jabuticaba obtida da casca e borra da fabricação de fermentado de jabuticaba

Este trabalho teve como objetivo produzir aguardente de jabuticaba a partir do subproduto da fabricação do fermentado de jabuticaba (casca e borra) e verificar a sua qualidade mediante análises físico-químicas e posterior comparação aos padrões de aguardente de frutas existentes na legislação brasileira. O teor de ésteres (357 mg.100 mL-1) apresentou-se acima do estipulado pela legislação (250 mg.100 mL-1) e em relação a outras aguardentes de frutas também foi elevado. Com respeito às outras variáveis, não foram encontrados valores discrepantes como, por exemplo, valores de grau alcoólico (39 °GL), densidade (0,95 cm³.g-1), acidez volátil (30 mg.100 mL-1). Assim sendo, a aguardente é uma alternativa para produtores rurais que cultivam a jabuticaba evitando perdas pós-colheita consideráveis durante a safra.

Murhenäytelmä laidunmaalla, merellä ja ilmassa

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