Le tour de France : état actuel de la classe ouvrière sous l'aspect moral, intellectuel, matériel / Flora Tristan... ; notes de Jules L. Puech

Collection : Archives et documents

Perspectiva bayesiana na seleção de genótipos de feijão-caupi em ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar, sob a perspectiva bayesiana, genótipos de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) que reúnam alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípicas, no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram utilizados dados de quatro experimentos, conduzidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em que a produtividade de grãos de 20 genótipos de feijão-caupi semiprostrado foi avaliada. Para representar as distribuições a priori pouco informativas, utilizaram-se distribuições de probabilidade com grande variância; e, para representar distribuições a priori informativas, adotou-se o conceito de metanálise, com uso de informações de trabalhos anteriores. A comparação entre as distribuições a priori foi realizada por meio do fator de Bayes. A abordagem bayesiana proporciona maior acurácia na seleção de genótipos de feijão-caupi semiprostrado, com elevadas adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípicas avaliadas por meio da metodologia de Eberhart & Russell. Com base nas prioris informativas, os genótipos MNC99-507G-4, TE97-309G-24, MNC99-542F-7 e BR 17-Gurguéia são classificados como de alta adaptabilidade a ambientes favoráveis. Já os genótipos TE96-290-12G, MNC99-510F-16, MNC99-508G-1, MNC99-541F-21, MNC99-542F-5 e MNC99-547F-2 apresentam alta adaptabilidade a ambientes desfavoráveis.

La collection : essor et affirmation d'un objet éditorial : (Europe/Amériques XVIIIe-XXIe)

Ce volume étudie la collection, phénomène éditorial essentiel. En mobilisant une documentation abondante et variée, les auteurs se penchent notamment sur le rôle des différents acteurs associés au processus de création et de diffusion, sur les enjeux matériels et économiques et la structuration du savoir induite par la collection. La perspective adoptée est large qui embrasse trois siècles et différents cas européens et américains.

Propionibacterium acnes Promotes Th17 and Th17/Th1 Responses in Acne Patients.

Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Although the ability of P. acnes in the initiation of pro-inflammatory responses is well documented, little is known about adaptive immune responses to this bacterium. The observation that infiltrating immune cells consist mainly of CD4(+) T cells in the perifollicular space of early acne lesions suggests that helper T cells may be involved in immune responses caused by the intra-follicular colonization of P. acnes. A recent report showing that P. acnes can induce IL-17 production by T cells suggests that acne might be a T helper type 17 (Th17)-mediated disease. In line with this, we show in this work that, in addition to IL-17A, both Th1 and Th17 effector cytokines, transcription factors, and chemokine receptors are strongly upregulated in acne lesions. Furthermore, we found that, in addition to Th17, P. acnes can promote mixed Th17/Th1 responses by inducing the concomitant secretion of IL-17A and IFN-γ from specific CD4(+) T cells in vitro. Finally, we show that both P. acnes-specific Th17 and Th17/Th1 cells can be found in the peripheral blood of patients suffering from acne and, at lower frequencies, in healthy individuals. We therefore identified P. acnes-responding Th17/Th1 cells as, to our knowledge, a previously unreported CD4(+) subpopulation involved in inflammatory acne.

Uuden tiedon luominen maakuntalehden skenaarioprosessissa

Työssä tarkastellaan skenaariomenetelmän toimivuutta uuden tiedon luomisen välineenä ja eri teoreettisten mallien kykyä kuvata tiedon luomista tässä kontekstissa. Tutkimusmenetelminä käytetään osallistuvaa havainnointia skenaarioistunnossa, lomakekyselyä ja haastatteluja. Uuden tiedon luomista tarkastellaan erilaisten teoreettisten mallien kautta. Mukana on Nonakan SECI-malli ja Ba-käsite, Scharmerin piilevän tiedon luomisen spiraali, Snowdenin Cynefin-malli ja von Kroghin huolenpidon käsite. Työssä havaittiin, ettei mikään edellä mainituista uuden tiedon luomisen malleista ollut täysin tunnistettavissa skenaarioprosessissa, eikä mikään niistä kyennyt kuvaamaan uuden tiedon luomista kattavasti tässä kontekstissa. Erityisen vaikeaa tutkimustilanteessa oli tunnistaa kaaoksesta pulppuavaa, ei vielä muotoutunutta tietoa. Skenaariomenetelmä toimikin parhaiten strategisen ajattelun apuvälineenä. Tiedon luomisen kannalta se loi ennen kaikkea uutta ymmärrystä. Uusi tieto oli luonteeltaan synteesiä olemassa olevasta tiedosta, joka auttoi hahmottamaan menneisyyttä, nykyisyyttä ja tulevaisuutta.

Grand dictionnaire des rimes françaises : enrichi des nouveaux termes de la langue... et donnant pour la première fois la définition spéciale de tous les termes en général ([Reprod.]) / par F. Morandini d'Eccatage

Collection : Archives de la linguistique française ; 290

Mapping HIV/STI behavioural surveillance in Europe.

BACKGROUND: Used in conjunction with biological surveillance, behavioural surveillance provides data allowing for a more precise definition of HIV/STI prevention strategies. In 2008, mapping of behavioural surveillance in EU/EFTA countries was performed on behalf of the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control. METHOD: Nine questionnaires were sent to all 31 member States and EEE/EFTA countries requesting data on the overall behavioural and second generation surveillance system and on surveillance in the general population, youth, men having sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU), sex workers (SW), migrants, people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), and sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics patients. Requested data included information on system organisation (e.g. sustainability, funding, institutionalisation), topics covered in surveys and main indicators. RESULTS: Twenty-eight of the 31 countries contacted supplied data. Sixteen countries reported an established behavioural surveillance system, and 13 a second generation surveillance system (combination of biological surveillance of HIV/AIDS and STI with behavioural surveillance). There were wide differences as regards the year of survey initiation, number of populations surveyed, data collection methods used, organisation of surveillance and coordination with biological surveillance. The populations most regularly surveyed are the general population, youth, MSM and IDU. SW, patients of STI clinics and PLWHA are surveyed less regularly and in only a small number of countries, and few countries have undertaken behavioural surveys among migrant or ethnic minorities populations. In many cases, the identification of populations with risk behaviour and the selection of populations to be included in a BS system have not been formally conducted, or are incomplete. Topics most frequently covered are similar across countries, although many different indicators are used. In most countries, sustainability of surveillance systems is not assured. CONCLUSION: Although many European countries have established behavioural surveillance systems, there is little harmonisation as regards the methods and indicators adopted. The main challenge now faced is to build and maintain organised and functional behavioural and second generation surveillance systems across Europe, to increase collaboration, to promote robust, sustainable and cost-effective data collection methods, and to harmonise indicators.

Dysmegakaryopoiesis predicting response to therapy in acute myeloid leukaemia. A histologic and clinical study

With standard induction therapy between 50 to 85% of patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) achieve Complete Remission (CR). We investigated whether any morphological feature of bone marrow (BM) plastic embedded biopsies could predict failure of therapy. We reviewed BM plastic embedded biopsies from 54 adult patients presenting with untreated AML. The main histologic parameters analysed were cellularity, dysmegakaryopoiesis (DysM), percentage of marrow blasts and fibrosis. CR was obtained in 34 of 49 treated patients (69%). The rate of CR was significantly lower in the group of patients presenting with DysM: CR was achieved in 54% of the 28 treated patients with DysM and in 90% of the 21 treated patients without DysM (p less than 0.02). Patients with DysM had a significantly lower blood count and bone marrow blasts at presentation. Median age was not significantly different in the 2 groups. Cellularity and fibrosis were not predictive. DysM may be the hallmark of an AML subgroup with distinct clinical behaviour and lower rate of CR with conventional therapy. DysM should be carefully looked for on BM marrow biopsies and aspirate from AML patients at diagnosis.