Molecular mechanisms of sexual development in basidiomycetes: exploring connections with lifestyles

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Biologia

Hepatitis C: sexual or intrafamilial transmission? Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus in 24 infected couples

The role of sexual or intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C is controversial. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on the non-structural region 5B of the hepatitis C virus (NS5B-HCV). High percentages of homology (mean of 98.3%) were shown between the couples. Twenty (83.3%) of the 24 men but only two of the women (8.3%) reported having had sexually transmitted diseases during their lives. The risk factors for HCV acquisition were blood transfusion (10 couples), use of illegal injected drugs (17), use of inhalants (15), acupuncture (5) and tattoos (5). The shared use of personal hygiene items included toothbrushes between six couples (25%), razor blades between 16 (66.7%), nail clippers between 21 (87.5%) and manicure pliers between 14 (58.3%). The high degree of similarity of the hepatitis C virus genome supports the hypothesis of hepatitis C virus transmission between these couples. The shared use of personal hygiene items suggests the possibility of intrafamilial transmission of infection.

An integrated approach to Physcomitrella patens transcriptomics reveals importantclues of the evolutionary development of plant organs and sexual reproduction

Land plant evolution required the generation of a new body plan that could resist the harsher and fluctuating environmental conditions found outside of aquatic environments. Unraveling the genetic basis of plant developmental innovations is not only revealing in terms of an evolutionary point of view, but it is also important for understanding the emergence of agronomically important traits. Comparative genetic studies between basal and modern land plants, both at the genome and trancriptome levels, can help in the generation of hypotheses related to the genetic basis of plant evolutionary development.(...)

Sexual transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in many parts of the world and is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse or from mother to child. Sexual transmission occurs more efficiently from men to women than women to men and might be enhanced by sexually transmitted diseases that cause ulcers and result in mucosal ruptures, such as syphilis, herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2), and chancroid. Other sexually transmitted diseases might result in the recruitment of inflammatory cells and could increase the risk of HTLV-1 acquisition and transmission. Additionally, factors that are associated with higher transmission risks include the presence of antibodies against the viral oncoprotein Tax (anti-Tax), a higher proviral load in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and increased cervicovaginal or seminal secretions. Seminal fluid has been reported to increase HTLV replication and transmission, whereas male circumcision and neutralizing antibodies might have a protective effect. Recently, free virions were discovered in plasma, which reveals a possible new mode of HTLV replication. It is unclear how this discovery might affect the routes of HTLV transmission, particularly sexual transmission, because HTLV transmission rates are significantly higher from men to women than women to men.

Identidade sexual e imagos parentais na pré-adolescência feminina

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário

Self-transcendence is related to higher female sexual desire

One facet of self-transcendence is creative self-forgetfulness (CSF; tendency to be attentionally absorbed in mindaltering experiences). Proneness to mind-altering attentional absorption and other aspects of self-transcendence were previously related to vaginal intercourse frequency, sexual arousability, and female coital orgasm. Given that sexual responsiveness is enhanced by focused attention, itwas testedwhether CSF correlates with sexual responsiveness, and if maladaptive defenses, openness to experience, and testosterone explain the hypothesized relationships. One hundred thirty-nine Portuguese (98 women) provided saliva samples for testosterone determination by luminescence immunoassays before and after a romantic movie scene and reported how intensely they felt sexual desire and arousal during the movie. CSF was measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory– Revised, maladaptive defenses by the immature defenses subscale of the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40), male and female past month desire by the desire dimensions of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Female desire and arousal during themoviewere independently predicted by CSF, openness to experience and testosterone, but not by immature defenses. Female past month desire was independently predicted by CSF, testosterone, and less immature defenses. Possible psychobiological processes linking self-transcendence and sexual responsiveness are discussed.

Sexual dysfunction and dissatisfaction in chronic hepatitis C patients

IntroductionThe prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and dissatisfaction with sexual life (DSL) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (CHC) was jointly investigated via a thorough psychopathological analysis, which included dimensions such as fatigue, impulsiveness, psychiatric comorbidity, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.MethodsMale and female CHC patients from an outpatient referral center were assessed using the Brief Fatigue Inventory, the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Structured psychiatric interviews were performed according to the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. SD was assessed based on specific items in the BDI (item 21) and the HAM-A (item 12). DSL was assessed based on a specific question in the WHOQOL-BREF (item 21). Multivariate analysis was performed according to an ordinal linear regression model in which SD and DSL were considered as outcome variables.ResultsSD was reported by 60 (57.1%) of the patients according to the results of the BDI and by 54 (51.4%) of the patients according to the results of the HAM-A. SD was associated with older age, female gender, viral genotype 2 or 3, interferon-α use, impulsiveness, depressive symptoms, antidepressant and benzodiazepine use, and lower HRQL. DSL was reported by 34 (32.4%) of the patients and was associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, antidepressant use, and lower HRQL.ConclusionsThe prevalence of SD and DSL in CHC patients was high and was associated with factors, such as depressive symptoms and antidepressant use. Screening and managing these conditions represent significant steps toward improving medical assistance and the HRQL of CHC patients.

Postharvest changes and respiratory pattern of bacuri fruit (Platonia insignis Mart.) at different maturity stages during ambient storage

Bacuri (Platonia insignis, Mart.) is one of the most important among Amazonian fruits. However, little is known about its postharvest physiology, such as maturity stages, changes during ambient storage, and respiratory pattern. Fruits were harvested at three maturity stages based on epicarp colour: dark green, light green, and turning (50% yellow), in order to determine colour modification and respiratory pattern during ambient storage (25.2 ºC, 75.1 % RH). Fruit of all maturity stages showed, after three days of harvest, a non-climacteric respiratory pattern, with turning fruit presenting the highest CO2 production rate until the fourth storage day (177.63 mg.CO2.kg-1.h-1). Yellowing increased throughout storage as related to lightness, chromaticity, and hue angle reductions. Turning fruit can be stored at ambient conditions for up to 10 days without any loss in marketability.

Integrated management systems: A model for maturity assessment

Maturity models are adopted to minimise our complexity perception over a truly complex phenomenon. In this sense, maturity models are tools that enable the assessment of the most relevant variables that impact on the outputs of a specific system. Ideally a maturity model should provide information concerning the qualitative and quantitative relationships between variables and how they affect the latent variable, that is, the maturity level. Management systems (MSs) are implemented worldwide and by an increasing number of companies. Integrated management systems (IMSs) consider the implementation of one or several MSs usually coexisting with the quality management subsystem (QMS). It is intended in this chapter to report a model based on two components that enables the assessment of the IMS maturity, considering the key process agents (KPAs) identified through a systematic literature review and the results collected from two surveys.

Dimorfismo sexual em Siluriformes e Gymnotiformes (Ostariophysi) da Amazônia

No presente trabalho é feito um levantamento dos casos de dimorfismo sexual em Siluriformes e Gymnotiformes. Este levantamento se restringe às formas Neotropicais, com ênfase mais especificamente, às da Amazônia. Peixes dessa região possuem uma grande diversidade, ainda que os limites intraespecíficos não estejam bem definidos. Embora preliminar, o mapeamento de características dimórficas em um cladograma referente a família Loricariidae (Siluriformes) auxilia na demonstração de que padrões de dimorfismo sexual são consistentes com hipóteses de monofiletismo. Em Apteronotidae (Gymnotiformes), com base no mapeamento dos caracteres tamanho e forma do focinho e presença de dentes diferenciada em árvores filogenéticas, podemos inferir que esses caracteres originaram-se como eventos independentes em vários táxons. Recentemente, em Gymnotiformes, foram detectados casos de erros taxonômicos atribuídos a diferenças extremas entre machos e fêmeas.

A violência sexual e de género nos campos de população refugiada: análise e enquadramento legal

Dissertação de mestrado em Direitos Humanos

The relationship between sexual and emotional promiscuity and infidelity

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia

Aspectos ecológicos da determinação sexual em tartarugas

Os aspectos ecológicos relacionados à reprodução das tartarugas e de outros répteis que apresentam determinação sexual dependente da temperatura de incubação desempenham um papel crucial no equilíbrio das populações. Nestas espécies a razão sexual dos filhotes é controlada pela temperatura a que os ovos são submetidos durante a incubação. Entender como as características do local da desova afetam a temperatura da incubação é essencial para que se possa argüir sobre os fatores que controlam a ecologia, a reprodução e a distribuição geográfica das tartarugas. Este trabalho de revisão aborda o modo de reprodução das tartarugas e a maneira como a reprodução é afetada pelo meio físico.

Desenvolvimento de competências no âmbito da educação sexual: uma investigação-ação com professores e alunos

De acordo com a lei portuguesa, a Educação Sexual (ES) é obrigatória desde o 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB) até ao Ensino Secundário. No entanto, muitos projetos de ES em meio escolar não consideram as necessidades do seu público-alvo, o que limita a sua eficácia. Assim, esta investigação-ação procurou averiguar necessidades e conceções de professores e alunos sobre ES em meio escolar e, a partir destas, desenvolver as competências dos professores para abordar a ES de modo a promover a vivência de uma sexualidade saudável por parte dos alunos. A investigação desenrolou-se em três fases: diagnóstico, intervenção e avaliação. Para a fase de diagnóstico construímos um questionário, validado por meio de um estudo piloto, que aplicámos a professores de 1.º, 2.º e 3.º CEB de escolas do concelho do Porto. O questionário foi preenchido on-line e os dados obtidos foram tratados com o programa SPSS. A mesma metodologia foi utilizada para analisar as conceções de alunos de 2.º e 3.º CEB de uma escola do Porto. Na fase de intervenção começamos por um focus group com professores para clarificar as suas opiniões e registar reações à imposição legal da ES. Seguiram-se sessões de formação para professores e a implementação de um conjunto de ações estruturadas com os alunos. A avaliação efetuou-se com novo focus group com os professores intervenientes e através de um questionário aplicado aos alunos das turmas alvo de intervenção. Os resultados revelaram que, depois da intervenção, os professores se sentiam mais confiantes, com mais conhecimentos e mais estratégias para implementar projetos de ES. Os alunos ampliaram o seu conceito de sexualidade, demonstraram uma atitude mais favorável face ao papel da ES no seu desenvolvimento, aumentaram a sua confiança na escola como agente educativo nesta temática, aumentaram os seus conhecimentos sobre sexualidade e atenuaram-se algumas diferenças de género.