Strength Predictions of Hat Stiffened Plate

Hat Stiffened Plates are used in composite ships and are gaining popularity in metallic ship construction due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. Light weight structures will result in greater payload, higher speeds, reduced fuel consumption and environmental emissions. Numerical Investigations have been carried out using the commercial Finite Element software ANSYS 12 to substantiate the high strength-to-weight ratio of Hat Stiffened Plates over other open section stiffeners which are commonly used in ship building. Analysis of stiffened plate has always been a matter of concern for the structural engineers since it has been rather difficult to quantify the actual load sharing between stiffeners and plating. Finite Element Method has been accepted as an efficient tool for the analysis of stiffened plated structure. Best results using the Finite Element Method for the analysis of thin plated structures are obtained when both the stiffeners and the plate are modeled using thin plate elements having six degrees of freedom per node. However, one serious problem encountered with this design and analysis process is that the generation of the finite element models for a complex configuration is time consuming and laborious. In order to overcome these difficulties two different methods viz., Orthotropic Plate Model and Superelement for Hat Stiffened Plate have been suggested in the present work. In the Orthotropic Plate Model geometric orthotropy is converted to material orthotropy i.e., the stiffeners are smeared and they vanish from the field of analysis and the structure can be analysed using any commercial Finite Element software which has orthotropic elements in its element library. The Orthotropic Plate Model developed has predicted deflection, stress and linear buckling load with sufficiently good accuracy in the case of all four edges simply supported boundary condition. Whereas, in the case of two edges fixed and other two edges simply supported boundary condition even though the stress has been predicted with good accuracy there has been large variation in the deflection predicted. This variation in the deflection predicted is because, for the Orthotropic Plate Model the rigidity is uniform throughout the plate whereas in the actual Hat Stiffened Plate the rigidity along the line of attachment of the stiffeners to the plate is large as compared to the unsupported portion of the plate. The Superelement technique is a method of treating a portion of the structure as if it were a single element even though it is made up of many individual elements. The Superelement has predicted the deflection and in-plane stress of Hat Stiffened Plate with sufficiently good accuracy for different boundary conditions. Formulation of Superelement for composite Hat Stiffened Plate has also been presented in the thesis. The capability of Orthotropic Plate Model and Superelement to handle typical boundary conditions and characteristic loads in a ship structure has been demonstrated through numerical investigations.

Los valores en la LOGSE : un análisis de documentos a través de la metodología de Hall-Tonna.

Estudio sobre el tema de los valores en la educación, cuyo objetivo general es conocer los valores implícitos y explícitos contenidos en la LOGSE, tanto en su conjunto como de cada una de las partes que la integran. Pretende proporcionar un conocimiento más profundo de la ley. El informe comienza con una exposición de las bases teóricas y la metodología empleada en el estudio. A continuación expone los resultados del análisis del Preámbulo y de cada uno de los títulos de la LOGSE, seguida de la ley completa. El último capítulo hace una recapitulación de los principales resultados del análisis del texto, seguida de comentarios y reflexiones finales.

La metodolog??a de an??lisis de valores Hall-Tonna aplicada al texto de la LOGSE

Analizar la representaci??n y tratamiento de los valores relativos a la educaci??n en la LOGSE, tanto en conjunto como en las partes que la integran.. Se realiza una introducci??n a la Teor??a de los Valores de Hall y Tonna, presentando el cuestionario de opci??n m??ltiple, para conocer los valores del sujeto y su prioridad, y el an??lisis de documentos como m??todo para la detecci??n de valores institucionales. Se presentan las pautas para el an??lisis de los datos y las gu??as para la interpretaci??n del perfil obtenido, formado por cuatro apartados: 1. Mapa de valores, 2. Ciclo de desarrollo y liderazgo, 3. Destrezas, tiempo y orientaci??n, 4. Prioridades de valor. Se separa la LOGSE seg??n los apartados de la estructura interna y se obtienen perfiles para cada secci??n y uno global, comparando los resultados obtenidos.. Porcentajes.. En el mapa de valores de la LOGSE se observa un equilibrio entre metas y medios y ausencias relacionadas con el autocontrol, el placer sensorial o la fantas??a. El estilo de liderazgo que se deriva de los valores del perfil de la Ley es el permisivo. Los porcentajes menores son los de destrezas imaginativas e interpersonales y los valores de tiempo de recuperaci??n, de descanso y de ocio se presentan con escasa relevancia. Se observa un grado de coherencia acptable entre los ciclos de desarrollo y los niveles educacionales.. En la relaci??n entre la LOGSE y la sociedad actual se observa un predominio de lo institucional y las complejidades burocr??ticas. Los valores con mayor protagonismo son el trabajo, la dignidad humana y la justicia social. Se recomienda la ampliaci??n de la investigaci??n a los Decretos de implantaci??n de la Reforma y el Curr??culo..

Nanospheres on a silver plate

A Viewpoint on: 'Surface Geometry of C60 on Ag(111)' H. I. Li, K. Pussi, K. J. Hanna, L.-L. Wang, D. D. Johnson, H.-P. Cheng, H. Shin, S. Curtarolo, W. Moritz, J. A. Smerdon, R. McGrath, and R. D. Diehl. . Published in Physical Review Letters 103, 056101 (2009) on July 27, 2009.

Fusing data-mining and knowledge elicitation for the supervisory control of an aluminium plate mill

Knowledge-elicitation is a common technique used to produce rules about the operation of a plant from the knowledge that is available from human expertise. Similarly, data-mining is becoming a popular technique to extract rules from the data available from the operation of a plant. In the work reported here knowledge was required to enable the supervisory control of an aluminium hot strip mill by the determination of mill set-points. A method was developed to fuse knowledge-elicitation and data-mining to incorporate the best aspects of each technique, whilst avoiding known problems. Utilisation of the knowledge was through an expert system, which determined schedules of set-points and provided information to human operators. The results show that the method proposed in this paper was effective in producing rules for the on-line control of a complex industrial process.

The occipital lateral plate mesoderm - a novel source for vertebrate neck musculature

In vertebrates, body musculature originates from somites, whereas head muscles originate from the cranial mesoderm. Neck muscles are located in the transition between these regions. We show that the chick occipital lateral plate mesoderm has myogenic capacity and gives rise to large muscles located in the neck and thorax. We present molecular and genetic evidence to show that these muscles not only have a unique origin, but additionally display a distinct temporal development, forming later than any other muscle group described to date. We further report that these muscles, found in the body of the animal, develop like head musculature rather than deploying the programme used by the trunk muscles. Using mouse genetics we reveal that these muscles are formed in trunk muscle mutants but are absent in head muscle mutants. In concordance with this conclusion, their connective tissue is neural crest in origin. Finally, we provide evidence that the mechanism by which these neck muscles develop is conserved in vertebrates.

The occipital lateral plate mesoderm is a novel source for vertebrate neck musculature

In vertebrates, body musculature originates from somites, whereas head muscles originate from the cranial mesoderm. Neck muscles are located in the transition between these regions. We show that the chick occipital lateral plate mesoderm has myogenic capacity and gives rise to large muscles located in the neck and thorax. We present molecular and genetic evidence to show that these muscles not only have a unique origin, but additionally display a distinct temporal development, forming later than any other muscle group described to date. We further report that these muscles, found in the body of the animal, develop like head musculature rather than deploying the programme used by the trunk muscles. Using mouse genetics we reveal that these muscles are formed in trunk muscle mutants but are absent in head muscle mutants. In concordance with this conclusion, their connective tissue is neural crest in origin. Finally, we provide evidence that the mechanism by which these neck muscles develop is conserved in vertebrates.

The child and the letter: Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall

This essay engages with the question of childhood in Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Despite narrating a conflict concerning child custody, childhood is a subject rarely broached by the critics of the text. Indeed, the only instance of the child being addressed in criticism grants it the power to enclose potentially subversive narrative. This is a function attributed to the framing structure of the novel by other critics. This essay returns the child to Brontë’s text as a disruptive rather than containing force. Through a detailed close analysis of the novel I track such disruptions, and the extent to which these point to wider theoretical or methodological difficulties in critical accounts of childhood and absence in literature. The essay makes interventions into psychoanalysis, childhood studies, and the discourse of ‘framing’ within C19th literature.