It's confusing when the Swiss go to the polls. Here are 6 surprising things about their elections

On Sunday, Switzerland votes on its federal parliament. The members of both chambers - 200 National Councillors and 46 Councillors of States - are directly elected, with the 26 Swiss cantons (or provinces) forming the districts. Seats in the National Council are distributed to the cantons based on their population size, while in the Council of States each full canton gets two seats and the six half-cantons get one each. Here are six things to look out for.

Where does Philippine education go? : the "K to 12" program and reform of Philippine basic education

In 2012 the Philippines launched its "K to 12" Program, a comprehensive reform of its basic education. Through this reform, the Philippines is catching up with global standards in secondary education and is attaching a high value to kindergarten. The structure, curricula, and philosophy of the education system are undergoing reform and improvement. The key points of the new policy are "preparation" for higher education, "eligibility" for entering domestic and overseas higher educational institutions, and immediate "employability" on graduating, all leading toward a "holistically developed Filipino". This policy appears admirable and timely, but it faces some pedagogical and socioeconomic problems. The author wants to point out in particular that the policy needs to address gender problems and should be combined with demand-side approaches in order to promote poverty alleviation and human development in the Philippines.

An Efficient Hybrid GO-PWS Algorithm to Analyze Conformal Serrated-Edge Reflectors for Millimeter-Wave Compact Range

A method to analyze parabolic reflectors with arbitrary piecewise rim is presented in this communication. This kind of reflectors, when operating as collimators in compact range facilities, needs to be large in terms of wavelength. Their analysis is very inefficient, when it is carried out with fullwave/MoM techniques, and it is not very appropriate for designing with PO techniques. Also, fast GO formulations do not offer enough accuracy to reach performance results. The proposed algorithm is based on a GO-PWS hybrid scheme, using analytical as well as non-analytical formulations. On one side, an analytical treatment of the polygonal rim reflectors is carried out. On the other side, non-analytical calculi are based on efficient operations, such as M2 order 2-dimensional FFT. A combination of these two techniques in the algorithm ensures real ad-hoc design capabilities, reached through analysis speedup. The purpose of the algorithm is to obtain an optimal conformal serrated-edge reflector design through the analysis of the field quality within the quiet zone that it is able to generate in its forward half space.

Co-evolutionary and Reinforcement Learning Techniques Applied to Computer Go players

The objective of this thesis is model some processes from the nature as evolution and co-evolution, and proposing some techniques that can ensure that these learning process really happens and useful to solve some complex problems as Go game. The Go game is ancient and very complex game with simple rules which still is a challenge for the Artificial Intelligence. This dissertation cover some approaches that were applied to solve this problem, proposing solve this problem using competitive and cooperative co-evolutionary learning methods and other techniques proposed by the author. To study, implement and prove these methods were used some neural networks structures, a framework free available and coded many programs. The techniques proposed were coded by the author, performed many experiments to find the best configuration to ensure that co-evolution is progressing and discussed the results. Using co-evolutionary learning processes can be observed some pathologies which could impact co-evolution progress. In this dissertation is introduced some techniques to solve pathologies as loss of gradients, cycling dynamics and forgetting. According to some authors, one solution to solve these co-evolution pathologies is introduce more diversity in populations that are evolving. In this thesis is proposed some techniques to introduce more diversity and some diversity measurements for neural networks structures to monitor diversity during co-evolution. The genotype diversity evolved were analyzed in terms of its impact to global fitness of the strategies evolved and their generalization. Additionally, it was introduced a memory mechanism in the network neural structures to reinforce some strategies in the genes of the neurons evolved with the intention that some good strategies learned are not forgotten. In this dissertation is presented some works from other authors in which cooperative and competitive co-evolution has been applied. The Go board size used in this thesis was 9x9, but can be easily escalated to more bigger boards.The author believe that programs coded and techniques introduced in this dissertation can be used for other domains.

Cómo se vive y cómo se muere en Bilbao : reseña demográfica de la I. Villa : obra dedicada por su autor al Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Bilbao e impresa por cuenta de la Corporación... / por Gumersindo Gómez.

Digitalización Vitoria-Gasteiz Archivos y Bibliotecas Julio 1994 18-62

A UGV Navigation System for Large Outdoor Environments Including Virtual Obstacles for No-Go Zones

This work presents a navigation system for UGVs in large outdoor environments; virtual obstacles are added to the system in order to avoid zones that may present risks to the UGV or the elements in its surroundings. The platform, software architecture and the modifications necessary to handle the virtual obstacles are explained in detail. Several tests have been performed and their results show that the system proposed is capable of performing safe navigation in complex environments.

Evolving and coevolving computer go players using neuroevolution.

The Go game is ancient very complex game with simple rules which still is a challenge for the AI.This work cover some neuroevolution techniques used in reinforcement learning applied to the GO game as SANE (Symbiotic Adaptive Neuro-Evolution) and presents a variation to this method with the intention of evolving better strategies in the game. The computer Go player based in SANE is evolved againts a knowed player which creates some problem as determinism for which is proposed the co-evolution. Finally, it is introduced an algorithm to co-evolve two populations of neurons to evolve better computer Go players.

Comparing fuzzy and intelligent PI controllers in stop-and-go manoeuvres

The aim of this work was twofold: on the one hand, to describe a comparative study of two intelligent control techniques-fuzzy and intelligent proportional-integral (PI) control, and on the other, to try to provide an answer to an as yet unsolved topic in the automotive sector-stop-and-go control in urban environments at very low speeds. Commercial vehicles exhibit nonlinear behavior and therefore constitute an excellent platform on which to check the controllers. This paper describes the design, tuning, and evaluation of the controllers performing actions on the longitudinal control of a car-the throttle and brake pedals-to accomplish stop-and-go manoeuvres. They are tested in two steps. First, a simulation model is used to design and tune the controllers, and second, these controllers are implemented in the commercial vehicle-which has automatic driving capabilities-to check their behavior. A stop-and-go manoeuvre is implemented with the two control techniques using two cooperating vehicles.

Diseño e implementación de funcionalidades OpenMP, basadas en modelos de concurrencia desarrollados en lenguaje Go

A raíz de la aparición de los procesadores dotados de varios “cores”, la programación paralela, un concepto que, por otra parte no era nada nuevo y se conocía desde hace décadas, sufrió un nuevo impulso, pues se creía que se podía superar el techo tecnológico que había estado limitando el rendimiento de esta programación durante años. Este impulso se ha ido manteniendo hasta la actualidad, movido por la necesidad de sistemas cada vez más potentes y gracias al abaratamiento de los costes de fabricación. Esta tendencia ha motivado la aparición de nuevo software y lenguajes con componentes orientados precisamente al campo de la programación paralela. Este es el caso del lenguaje Go, desarrollado por Google y lanzado en 2009. Este lenguaje se basa en modelos de concurrencia que lo hacen muy adecuados para abordar desarrollos de naturaleza paralela. Sin embargo, la programación paralela es un campo complejo y heterogéneo, y los programadores son reticentes a utilizar herramientas nuevas, en beneficio de aquellas que ya conocen y les son familiares. Un buen ejemplo son aquellas implementaciones de lenguajes conocidos, pero orientadas a programación paralela, y que siguen las directrices de un estándar ampliamente reconocido y aceptado. Este es el caso del estándar OpenMP, un Interfaz de Programación de Aplicaciones (API) flexible, portable y escalable, orientado a la programación paralela multiproceso en arquitecturas multi-core o multinucleo. Dicho estándar posee actualmente implementaciones en los lenguajes C, C++ y Fortran. Este proyecto nace como un intento de aunar ambos conceptos: un lenguaje emergente con interesantes posibilidades en el campo de la programación paralela, y un estándar reputado y ampliamente extendido, con el que los programadores se encuentran familiarizados. El objetivo principal es el desarrollo de un conjunto de librerías del sistema (que engloben directivas de compilación o pragmas, librerías de ejecución y variables de entorno), soportadas por las características y los modelos de concurrencia propios de Go; y que añadan funcionalidades propias del estándar OpenMP. La idea es añadir funcionalidades que permitan programar en lenguaje Go utilizando la sintaxis que OpenMP proporciona para otros lenguajes, como Fortan y C/C++ (concretamente, similar a esta última), y, de esta forma, dotar al usuario de Go de herramientas para programar estructuras de procesamiento paralelo de forma sencilla y transparente, de la misma manera que lo haría utilizando C/C++.---ABSTRACT---As a result of the appearance of processors equipped with multiple "cores ", parallel programming, a concept which, moreover, it was not new and it was known for decades, suffered a new impulse, because it was believed they could overcome the technological ceiling had been limiting the performance of this program for years. This impulse has been maintained until today, driven by the need for ever more powerful systems and thanks to the decrease in manufacturing costs. This trend has led to the emergence of new software and languages with components guided specifically to the field of parallel programming. This is the case of Go language, developed by Google and released in 2009. This language is based on concurrency models that make it well suited to tackle developments in parallel nature. However, parallel programming is a complex and heterogeneous field, and developers are reluctant to use new tools to benefit those who already know and are familiar. A good example are those implementations from well-known languages, but parallel programming oriented, and witch follow the guidelines of a standard widely recognized and accepted. This is the case of the OpenMP standard, an application programming interface (API), flexible, portable and scalable, parallel programming oriented, and designed for multi-core architectures. This standard currently has implementations in C, C ++ and Fortran. This project was born as an attempt to combine two concepts: an emerging language, with interesting possibilities in the field of parallel programming, and a reputed and widespread standard, with which programmers are familiar with. The main objective is to develop a set of system libraries (which includes compiler directives or pragmas, runtime libraries and environment variables), supported by the characteristics and concurrency patterns of Go; and that add custom features from the OpenMP standard. The idea is to add features that allow programming in Go language using the syntax OpenMP provides for other languages, like Fortran and C / C ++ (specifically, similar to the latter ), and, in this way, provide Go users with tools for programming parallel structures easily and, in the same way they would using C / C ++.