A moral kantiana entre deontologia e teleologia

This dissertation examines the Kantian moral in a teleological perspective. It consists of a reconstruction of philosophy practice that departs from the investigation of the categorical imperative, the concepts of duty, will, good will, as well as an approach on the ways of investigation of nature, which will enable the foundation to engage in the teleological argument, investigating the organized human beings, the harmonious system, its relationship with the ultimate and most important purpose, always flexing the analysis of these concepts the idea of purpose. Subsequently we will establish an argument about the end terminal and the implication of this concept to think about the real idea of the system in Kant and his relationship or support for moral theory. In essence this paper approaches the moral point of view of ethics, outlining the insufficiency of this field for the foundation of architectural moral, which will enable the final touch or the indispensability or the teleological argument as fundamental to the Kantian moral Theory

Fundamentos da filosofia moral de Peter Singer

This research aims to reconstruct and explain the argument proposed by Peter Singer to justify the principle of equal consideration of interests (PECI). The PECI is the basic normative principle according to people should consider the interests of all sentient beings affected when somebody taking a moral decision. It is the join that Singer proposes between universalizability and the principle of equal consideration of interests that constitutes a compelling reason to justify it. The universalizability requires to disregard the numerical differences, putting yourself in other people s shoes, and to consider preferences, interests, desires and ideals of those affected. Singer joins universalizability to normative principle and molds the form and content of his theory. The first chapter introduces the discussion will be developed in this essay. The second chapter deals the historical and philosophical viewpoint from which Singer starts his studies. The third chapter is about the Singer s critiques of naturalism, intuitionism, relativism, simple subjectivism and emotivism. The fourth chapter exposes the design of universal prescriptivism proposed by R. M. Hare. The universal prescriptivism indicates, in the Singer s viewpoint, a consistent way to create the join between the universalizability and PECI. It highlights also the criticism designed by J. L. Mackie and Singer himself to universal prescriptivism. The second part of this chapter shows briefly some of the main points of the classical conception of utilitarianism and its possible relationship with the theory of Singer. The fifth chapter introduces the Singer s thesis about the origin of ethics and the universalizability as a feature necessary to the point of view of ethic, and the way which this argument is developed to form the PECI. The sixth chapter exposes the main distinctions that characterize the PECI. Finally the seventh chapter provides a discussion about the reasons highlighted by Singer for one who wants orient his life according to the standpoint of ethics. This structure allows explaining the main ideas of the author concerning the theoretical foundations of his moral philosophy

O desejo, o relato e a prática da cidade: de como são produzidos territórios marginais na cidade do príncipe (1880 - 1900)

The theme of this work is the study of marginal territories of the Cidade do Príncipe, sketch in time than today is constituted as the city of Caicó/RN, with the time frame the years 1880 to 1900. Our goal is to investigate the construction of these territories from multiple speech subjects practitioners of the city. Thus, we propose to discover the mapping of the deviation in the city in question, as they were drawn, those who experienced and through which practices. Investigate the construction of these spaces from the speeches, and fill a historiographical gap, allows to find stories sharp, silenced or ignored, abortions and madness in prison, repressed passions and avenged. To meet these spaces the sources are diverse, such as the newspaper O Povo, the Codes of posture, the Reports of Presidents and Heads of Provincial Police and process-crime. Regarding the methodological aspects of research, we decided by discourse analysis, discourse here conceived not only as what is said about someone or something, but as a set of statements circulating at any given time in society, articulating speech, intentions, actions and thought. The city is then considered from their territories, imagined as a space configured in/by the relations power that the dispute, but also as a space for experiences multiple, different feelings, place and non-place, the discipline and mockery, of power and resistance.

Um Ensaio Sobre História Oral e Educação Matemática: pontuando princípios e procedimentos

Recently, we can perceive an intensification of assignments developed into Mathematical Education with the use of oral history as a research methodology. In this article, facing the living experiences during the preparation of our Phd tasks and later, when we had the role of advisors of scientific papers and of Postgraduate students in their researches also using the same methodology, we discussed the implication of ethics, mathematical education and oral history. Furthermore, we enunciated possibilities of the posture of the researcher before interviews, texts and iconography - photos and several images-provided by collaborators of our projects on Oral history and Mathematical Education.

Bioética e odontologia: um perfil dos problemas éticos vividos por cirurgiões-dentistas

Bioethics studies human behavior in the fields ofbiological sciences and health care. Tt strives for humanization in health services along with promoting the rights of patients. In view of the lack of dental research dealing with this topic, the present study was undertaken to identify, from the viewpoint of dental surgeons, ethical problems experienced in dental practice,understand how they occur and how professionals deal with them. It is a descriptive exploratory investigation within a qualitative approach. Empirical material was collected through semi-structured interviews performed with 15 dental surgeons who work both in private and public practice in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The content of the interviews was systemized and organized, resulting in the identification of topics, from which were grouped the ethical problems reported by the participants. The resu1ts indicate that many of the ethical problems coincide with infringements of the norms and mIes of the Dental Code of Ethics, confirming a dental ethic acquired during professional formation and therefore, inadequate for solving the problems that emerge in professional practice. Other questions stand out such as low salaries, competition and poor working conditions. Associated to these problems are lack of commitment and professional responsibility with the patients. Concem with maintaining user autonomy, guaranteeing access to specialized services, and the need for performing only procedures for which they are technically qualified arise in the responses, leading to difficulties in consolidating the principIes proclaimed by bioethics: autonomy, justice, nonmaleficence and beneficence. We concluded that the ethical problems identified in professional practice need to be understood beyond the dental dimension, towards a human approach. It is therefore necessary to incorporate health care management technologies into health practices, including dentistry, which implies recognizing the difTerent dimensions that surround individuaIs, that is, social, economic, political and cultural

A articulação da instrumentalidade no exercício profissional do assistente social em Natal/RN

Presents the discussion of practical and social dimensions that comprise the instrumentality (formative; theoretical and intellectual; investigative; technical-instrumental; and ethical-political) Social Work from research in social and occupational areas in which they operate social workers in Natal in Rio Grande do Norte. Chapters expose positions, experiences and reality of the respondents and the theoretical constructs and analytical, to understand: the evaluation of the training process, relating the teaching practice, the role of knowledge and the importance of research in professional practice of social workers, the seizure of technical-instrumental dimension, articulating demands, duties, powers and instruments, as elements that comprise it, and finally the ethical-political dimension, discussing the challenges of ethics and materialization of the ethical-political in daily work. In this sense, the dissertation sought add to production and academic debate about the work of the social worker, as well as contribute to their own professional practice, revealing how professionals articulate the practical and social dimensions that comprise the instrumentality in their daily work

Ética na pesquisa em turismo: percepções de discentes de programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em turismo UFRN, UCS e UNIVALI

This study analyzed the perception of ethics on the part of students of Post-graduation in Tourism, to develop their academic research. It is characterized as exploratory-descriptive, being considered quantitative with some elements analyzed qualitatively. Data were collected through an electronic questionnaire, originated in google docs and sent via e-mail to 54 students in three graduate programs in Tourism: The Tourism Master of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), the Master in Tourism and Hospitality of the University of Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI) and Master of Tourism at the University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), resulting in 22 responses. The study presents a profile of the dissertation research of post-graduate students, their perception about research ethics, as well as the difficulties encountered in the research process. Notes that research of dissertation are geared mostly for the historical and cultural aspects of tourism and the choice of topics for the essays came in first place, due to the influence of the guiding lines of research and, secondly, due to social relevance. The methods used in post-graduate research are descriptive, the literature and exploratory. It also notes that most students graduate in tourism (81%) attaches great importance to ethics in carrying out their dissertation research, students claim that ethics brings credibility and seriousness to research. Furthermore, it was realized that they have no knowledge about the practice of misconduct by researchers in the field of Tourism. Demonstrate that the major ethical challenge encountered by students is in relationship with the research subject, what happens during data collection. It also notes that none of the respondents sent any project to be evaluated by an Ethics Committee (CEP), moreover, most do not know the resolution 196/96, which has the main guidelines on research ethics at national level. Concludes that the students post-graduate in tourism have little knowledge about the standards and guidelines on research ethics. They demonstrate ignore the benefits of research ethics in regarding the protection and preservation of the participant, as well as the benefits it generates for society

Lingüística de interações moleculares

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Construção de conceitos de física moderna e sobre a natureza da ciência com o suporte da hipermídia

Apresentam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a construção de conceitos de Física Moderna e sobre a natureza da Ciência com o apoio da hipermídia, que envolveu a produção e avaliação de um software educacional. A proposta didática fundamentou-se na Teoria da Aprendizagem de Ausubel, em orientações para a implementação de sistemas hipermídia educacionais e em abordagens derivadas da pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências, dentre as quais o enfoque Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade, ponderações quanto à importância pedagógica da História e Filosofia da Ciência e considerações sobre a inserção de Física Moderna no Ensino Médio. O programa foi avaliado por pesquisadores de Ensino de Física e licenciandos de Física e, após a incorporação de algumas sugestões realizadas, foi testado por estudantes do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública. Obtiveram-se indícios de que o uso do computador foi fator de motivação dos estudantes; a diversidade de elementos de mídia auxiliou-os a fixar a atenção sobre o conteúdo e favoreceu a visualização e interpretação dos fenômenos, facilitando ainda o raciocínio; o hipertexto estruturado em conformidade com princípios ausubelianos contribuiu para a percepção da relação entre os conceitos e ajudou no desenvolvimento de subsunçores para apoiar a aprendizagem subseqüente. Constatou-se que a proposta didática avaliada favoreceu a evolução das concepções da maior parte dos estudantes quanto ao conceito de equivalência massa-energia e suas implicações; às relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade, incluindo aspectos ambientais e políticos; ao papel da Ética no desenvolvimento e aplicação dos conhecimentos científicos; ao progresso da Ciência ao longo do tempo.

A alteridade: o outro como critério

Este estudo é um convite à reflexão a respeito de como o critério da alteridade - o outro como referência para os valores éticos e morais - torna-se necessário para pensar as práticas de assistência à saúde, e como transforma tais práticas, remetendo às questões da Bioética. Foi utilizada como referência a Fenomenologia Existencial.

Ética e moral como modos de produção de subjetividade

Deleuze e Guattari entendem as idéias de Ética e Moral como movimentos produtores de realidade psicossocial ou sentidos de produção da vida psicossocial. Buscamos entender como os modos de funcionamento psicossociais produzem sentidos e podem ser captados nas práticas psicossociais éticas e morais. Nossa intenção é demonstrar, a partir da literatura kafkiana, os modos de subjetivação ética e moral.

Uso de nomes populares para as espécies de Araceae e Dioscoreaceae no Brasil

A origem dos nomes vulgares das espécies muitas vezes é obscura ou mesmo impossível de ser identificada. Face à semelhança que apresentam alguns tipos de sistema subterrâneo de Dioscorea com aqueles das espécies de Colocasia, observa-se em muitos trabalhos publicados na literatura brasileira uma certa confusão na terminologia usada para definir estruturas principalmente em algumas espécies de inhame e cará. A padronização no Brasil da nomenclatura das estruturas subterrâneas destas hortaliças, à luz dos Códigos Internacionais de Nomenclatura Botânica e das Plantas Cultivadas, permitirá melhor entendimento para pesquisadores, extensionistas, sociedades civis organizadas, importadores, produtores, comerciantes e consumidores, na identificação das espécies cultivadas de cada família botânica e na interpretação das informações.

Apontamentos sobre ética e individualidade a partir da Mínima Moralia

O artigo reflete sobre os conceitos de ética e de individualidade a partir da Mínima Moralia de T. W. Adorno para pensar as dimensões ética e normativa da Psicologia. Para isso recupera alguns elementos históricos do conceito de ética segundo Aristóteles, Hobbes, Rousseau e Kant para esclarecer a reflexão adorniana. A partir desta faz-se uma crítica as noções de individualidade e de autonomia no âmbito da Psicologia.

Ética, preconceito e educação: características das publicações em periódicos nacionais de educação, filosofia e psicologia entre 1970 e 2003

Apresenta um estudo bibliográfico referente ao tema ética e preconceito no âmbito da educação escolar em periódicos nacionais das áreas de educação, psicologia e filosofia a partir da década de 1970 até o ano de 2003. No total, foram categorizados e analisados 570 textos. Constatamos que, especialmente, nas três últimas décadas, houve uma preocupação, por parte dos pesquisadores, com questões éticas e a problemática da diversidade e suas relações com a educação escolar. Percebemos, também, que algumas revistas científicas se destacaram por apresentar um maior número de produções científicas publicadas com o tema e no período que compreende este estudo. Além disso, a maioria dos trabalhos realizou estudos teóricos e pesquisas bibliográficas em detrimento às pesquisas empíricas. Foi elaborado um índice dos textos pesquisados que, juntamente com o material coletado, funcionará como banco de dados para pesquisadores, ligados a diversas áreas do conhecimento, que possuam interesse em estudar o tema ética e preconceito e seus diversos subtemas.

A legibilidade do visível: as imagens de Oliviero Toscani, um processo de ruptura

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC