Venäläisvetoinen yrittäjyys Suomessa

Venäjän maantieteellinen läheisyys ja kasvavat markkinat ovat yhä edelleen tärkeimpiä syitä suomalaisyritysten Venäjä-toiminnoille. Vuorovaikutus rajan yli ei kuitenkaan ole yksipuolista, vaan maantieteellisen läheisyyden vuoksi myös venäläisyritysten voisi olettaa pitävän Suomea luonnollisena vaihtoehtona kansainvälistymiselleen. Suomessa toimivissa venäläisyrityksissä on havaittavissa ominaispiirteitä, jotka erottavat ne kotimaisesta yritystoiminnasta. Samalla kuitenkin venäläisyritysten piirteet eivät ole yhteneviä muualla maailmassa havaittujen etnisten yritysten ominaisuuksien kanssa. Toisin kuin etniset yritykset yleensä, venäläiset yritykset eivät ole syntyneet julkisen tuen avustuksella, eivätkä ne toimi matalan kannattavuuden aloilla. Venäläisen yritystoiminnan rooli on merkittävä Suomen ja Venäjän välisessä kaupassa, ja samalla se tuo lisämausteensa suomalaiseen pienyrityskenttään.

Orthologous and heterologous expression of a protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Optimization for a biotechnological application

In this thesis (TFG) the results of the comparison between different methods to obtain a recombinant protein, by orthologous and heterologous expression, are exposed. This study will help us to identify the best way to express and purify a recombinant protein that will be used for biotechnology applications. In the first part of the project the goal was to find the best expression and purification system to obtain the recombinant protein of interest. To achieve this objective, a system expression in bacteria and in yeast was designed. The DNA was cloned into two different expression vectors to create a fusion protein with two different tags, and the expression of the protein was induced by IPTG or glucose. Additionally, in yeast, two promoters where used to express the protein, the one corresponding to the same protein (orthologous expression), and the ENO2 promoter (heterologous expression). The protein of interest is a NAD-dependent enzyme so, in a second time, its specific activity was evaluated by coenzyme conversion. The results of the TFG suggest that, comparing the model organisms, bacteria are more efficient than yeast because the quantity of protein obtained is higher and better purified. Regarding yeast, comparing the two expression mechanisms that were designed, heterologous expression works much better than the orthologous expression, so in case that we want to use yeast as expression model for the protein of interest, ENO2 will be the best option. Finally, the enzymatic assays, done to compare the effectiveness of the different expression mechanisms respect to the protein activity, revealed that the protein purified in yeast had more activity in converting the NAD coenzyme.

Development a distributed simulation environment on a cluster of workstations

Simulation has traditionally been used for analyzing the behavior of complex real world problems. Even though only some features of the problems are considered, simulation time tends to become quite high even for common simulation problems. Parallel and distributed simulation is a viable technique for accelerating the simulations. The success of parallel simulation depends heavily on the combination of the simulation application, algorithm and message population in the simulation is sufficient, no additional delay is caused by this environment. In this thesis a conservative, parallel simulation algorithm is applied to the simulation of a cellular network application in a distributed workstation environment. This thesis presents a distributed simulation environment, Diworse, which is based on the use of networked workstations. The distributed environment is considered especially hard for conservative simulation algorithms due to the high cost of communication. In this thesis, however, the distributed environment is shown to be a viable alternative if the amount of communication is kept reasonable. Novel ideas of multiple message simulation and channel reduction enable efficient use of this environment for the simulation of a cellular network application. The distribution of the simulation is based on a modification of the well known Chandy-Misra deadlock avoidance algorithm with null messages. The basic Chandy Misra algorithm is modified by using the null message cancellation and multiple message simulation techniques. The modifications reduce the amount of null messages and the time required for their execution, thus reducing the simulation time required. The null message cancellation technique reduces the processing time of null messages as the arriving null message cancels other non processed null messages. The multiple message simulation forms groups of messages as it simulates several messages before it releases the new created messages. If the message population in the simulation is suffiecient, no additional delay is caused by this operation A new technique for considering the simulation application is also presented. The performance is improved by establishing a neighborhood for the simulation elements. The neighborhood concept is based on a channel reduction technique, where the properties of the application exclusively determine which connections are necessary when a certain accuracy for simulation results is required. Distributed simulation is also analyzed in order to find out the effect of the different elements in the implemented simulation environment. This analysis is performed by using critical path analysis. Critical path analysis allows determination of a lower bound for the simulation time. In this thesis critical times are computed for sequential and parallel traces. The analysis based on sequential traces reveals the parallel properties of the application whereas the analysis based on parallel traces reveals the properties of the environment and the distribution.

Conjoint-analyysi tuotekonseptien suunnittelun tukena

Conjoint-analyysi on kvantitatiivinen menetelmä kuluttajien mieltymysten mittaamiseen. Sitä hyödynnetään yleisesti tuotekonseptien suunnitteluvaiheessa, jossa jatkokehitykseen otettavaa konseptia valittaessa asiakkaiden mieltymysten tiedostaminen on hyvin tärkeää tuotteen lopullisen menestyksen kannalta. Työn tavoitteena on esitellä lukijalle conjoint-analyysin toimintaperiaate ja selvittää millaista lisäarvoa conjoint-analyysin käyttö voi tuoda tuotekonseptien suunnitteluun. Työssä määritellään lyhyesti mitä tuotekonseptointi on ja kuinka se sijoittuu tuotekehityksen kenttään sekä esitellään sen syitä ja tavoitteita. Conjoint-analyysin suorittaminen käydään läpi vaihe vaiheelta ja esitellään siihen liittyviä yleisiä käytäntöjä. Lisäksi määritellään muutamia yleisiä tavoitteita, joita tyypillisesti halutaan conjoint-tutkimuksen avulla toteuttaa. Työn empiirisessä osassa teoriaosan sisältöä konkretisoidaan esittelemällä ja analysoimalla muutamia eri syistä toteutettuja conjoint-tutkimuksia ja niiden tarjoamia tuloksia.

Tandem-MAG-hitsaus vaaka-asennossa

Kandidaatintyön tarkoituksena oli tutkia tandem-MAG-hitsauksen soveltuvuutta tuotteen X hitsaamiseen vaaka-asennossa. Työssä selvitettiin tuotteen X hitsaukseen optimaaliset hitsausparametrit sekä varmistettiin hitsin laatu ja luotettavuus. Päätavoite oli saavuttaa mahdollisimman suuri hitsausnopeus, varmistaa hitsin juuren puolen luotettava sulaminen ja saavuttaa mahdollisimman roiskeeton hitsi. Lisäksi tutkittiin alustavasti laserleikattujen railojen pinnanlaadun ja leikkauskaasun vaikutusta tandem-MAG-hitsauksessa, ilmaraon vaikutusta tandem-MAG-hitsauksessa sekä MAG-siltahitsien sulamista juuren puolelta. Koehitsausten pohjalta laadittiin alustava hitsausohje (pWPS). Koehitsaukset tehtiin Lappeenrannan teknillisen yliopiston hitsaustekniikan laboratoriossa.

Thermal-Hydraulic Studies on the Safety Of VVER-440 Type Nuclear Power Plants

This thesis includes several thermal hydraulic analyses related to the Loviisa WER 440 nuclear power plant units. The work consists of experimental studies, analysis of the experiments, analysis of some plant transits and development of a calculational model for calculation of boric acid concentrations in the reactor. In the first part of the thesis, in the case of won of boric acid solution behaviour during long term cooling period of LOCAs, experiments were performed in scaled down test facilities. The experimental data together with the results of RELAPS/MOD3 simulations were used to develop a model for calculations of boric acid concentrations in the reactor during LOCAs. The results of calculations showed that margins to critical concentrations that would lead to boric acid crystallization were large, both in the reactor core and in the lower plenum. This was mainly caused by the fact that water in the primary cooling circuit includes borax (Na)BsO,.IOHZO), which enters the reactor when ECC water is taken from the sump and greatly increases boric acid solubility in water. In the second part, in the case of simulation of horizontal steam generators, experiments were performed with PACTEL integral test loop to simulate loss of feedwater transients. The PACTEL experiments, as well as earlier REWET III natural circulation tests, were analyzed with RELAPS/MOD3 Version Sm5 code. The analysis showed that the code was capable of simulating the main events during the experiments. However, in the case of loss of secondary side feedwater the code was not completely capable to simulate steam superheating in the secondary side of the steam generators. The third part of the work consists of simulations of Loviisa VVER reactor pump trip transients with RELAPSlMODI Eur, RELAPS/MOD3 and CATHARE codes. All three codes were capable to simulate the two selected pump trip transients and no significant differences were found between the results of different codes. Comparison of the calculated results with the data measured in the Loviisa plant also showed good agreement.

Asiakkuudenhallintaohjelmiston kehittäminen

Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää asiakkuudenhallinnan aiheuttamia vaatimuksia ohjelmointikehityksen kannalta. Työ tehtiin Turussa Software Innovation Finland Oy:lle. Työssä kerrotaan PROSPEKTI-asiakkuudenhallintaohjelmiston kehittämiskäytännöistä ja ohjelmistolle asetetuista vaatimuksista. Taustaselvityksen ja kirjallisuuskatsauksen jälkeen kerrotaan ohjelmiston uusien ominaisuuksien kehittämisestä. Tämän jälkeen esitellään kaksi asiakaskohtaista räätälöintiprojektia. Seuraavaksi kuvataan, miten ohjelmiston toiminnallisuus varmennetaan sekä havaitut virheet korjataan. Tuloksena on kuvaus yrityksen tuotekehitysprosessista, jota voidaan käyttää esimerkinomaisena pohjana kun halutaan kehittää asiakkuudenhallintaohjelmistoa.

Uma nova síntese de alfa-bromo-acetofenonas e sua aplicação na obtenção de 2-benzoil-benzofuranas

alpha-Bromoacetophenones are important in organic synthesis. They have been widely used as precursors of several natural products. Several methods of bromination aiming at their synthesis have been described, however they furnish a mixture of starting material 10, mono 8 and dibromide 11 products. We developed a novel, simple and efficient synthesis of these compounds with applications in the synthesis of benzoylbenzofurans 9, compounds with important pharmacological properties, such as the ability of dilating the coronary artery and analgesic action. Such compounds have also been used as key intermediates to obtain quinone systems.

Developing A Knowledge Management Process Model for Internal IT Organization, Case: Stora Enso Oyj, Corporate IT

The objectives of this Master’s Thesis were to find out what kind of knowledge management strategy would fit best an IT organization that uses ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) framework for IT Service Management and to create a knowledge management process model to support chosen strategy. The empirical material for this research was collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews of a case organization Stora Enso Corporate IT. The results of the qualitative interviews indicate that codification knowledge management strategy would fit best for the case organization. The knowledge management process model was created based on earlier studies and a literature of knowledge management. The model was evaluated in the interview research and the results showed that the created process model is realistic, useful, and it responds to a real life phenomenon.