A treatise on canals and reservoirs, and the best mode of designing and executing them; with observations on the Rochdale, Leeds and Liverpool, and Huddersfield canals ... Likewise observations on the best mode of carding, roving, drawing and spinning all kinds of cotton twist. Also instructions for designing and building a corn mill ... together with important directions on public drains.

Mode of access: Internet.

The British cotton manufactures : and a reply to an article on the spinning machinery contained in a recent number of the Edinburgh review /

Mode of access: Internet.

Efficiency test on power plant of Jenckes spinning company, Pawtucket, Rhode Island; a graduating thesis presented by Ward N. Gere, Richard B. Cross, Benj. S. Munch, C.M. Loeb, students in the class of 1913 at the Massachusetts institute of technology ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Effect on ginning and spinning efficiency and cotton quality of fiber moisture, seed-cotton cleaning, lint cleaning /

Mode of access: Internet.

Summary of Fiber and Spinning Test Results for Some Varieties of Cotton Grown by Selected Cotton Improvement Groups

Continued by U.S. Agricultural Marketing Service. Agricultural Information Bulletin After 1953

Data Disc control: Graphics 8,

"COO-1469-0152. File no. 818."

Chipless machining; methods of cold forming ferrous metals, including heading, rolling, spinning, swaging, extruding, and high-energy-rate forming.

Includes bibliography.

Isolation of an imaginal disc growth factor homologue from Pieris rapae and its expression following parasitization by Cotesia rubecula

Endoparasitoid insects introduce maternal factors into the body of their host at oviposition to suppress cellular defences for the protection of the developing parasitoid. We have shown that transient expression of polydnavirus genes from a hymenopteran parasitoid Cotesia rubecula (CrPDV) is responsible for the inactivation of hemocytes from the lepidopteran host Pieris rapae. Since the observed downregulation of CrPDV genes in infected host tissues is not due to cis-regulatory elements at the CrV1 gene locus, we speculated that the termination of CrPDV gene expression may be due to cellular inactivation caused by the CrV1-mediated immune suppression of infected tissues. To test this assumption, we isolated an imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF) that is expressed in fat body and hemocytes, the target of viral infection and expression of CrPDV genes. Time-course experiments showed that the level of P. rapae IDGF is not affected by parasitization and polydnavirus infection. However, the amount of highly expressed genes, such as storage proteins, arylphorin and lipophorin, are significantly reduced following parasitization. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A diffusion and T2 relaxation MRI study of the ovine lumbar intervertebral disc under compression in vitro

The ovine lumbar intervertebral disc is a useful model for the human lumbar disc. We present preliminary estimates of diffusion coefficients and T-2 relaxation times in a pilot MRI study of the ovine lumbar intervertebral disc during uniaxial compression in vitro, and identify factors that hamper the ability to accurately monitor the temporal evolution of the effective diffusion tensor at high spatial resolution.

Genetic algorithm-based spinning reserve dispatching in a competitive electricity market

Power systems rely greatly on ancillary services in maintaining operation security. As one of the most important ancillary services, spinning reserve must be provided effectively in the deregulated market environment. This paper focuses on the design of an integrated market for both electricity and spinning reserve service with particular emphasis on coordinated dispatch of bulk power and spinning reserve services. A new market dispatching mechanism has been developed to minimize the ISO's total payment while ensuring system security. Genetic algorithms are used in the finding of the global optimal solutions for this dispatching problem. Case studies and corresponding analyses haw been carried out to demonstrate and discuss the efficiency and usefulness of the proposed market.

The use of simultaneous H-1 & P-31 magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance measurements to characterize energy metabolism during the conversion of muscle to meat

In order to investigate the potential of magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) in the elucidation of post-mortem metabolism in muscle biopsies, simultaneous H-1 and (31)p MAS NMR measurements were made continuously on postmortem (20 min to 24 h) muscle longissimus samples from rabbits. The animals had either been or not been given adrenaline (0.5 mg kg(-1) 4 h pre-slaughter) to deplete stores of muscle glycogen. The intracellular pH was calculated from H-1 spectra, and the post-mortem rate of formation of lactate was followed and quantified. Comparison of measurements made on muscle samples from rabbits treated with adrenaline with measurements made on muscle samples from untreated' rabbits revealed significant effects of adrenaline treatment on both pH (pH24 h = 6.42 vs. pH24 It = 5.60) and formation of lactate (16 mmol g(-1) vs. 65 mmol g(-1)). The P-31 NMR spectra were used to follow the rate of degradation of ATP and phosphocreatine. The present study clearly shows that MAS NMR has potential for the study of post-mortem energy metabolism.

An experimental and finite element poroelastic creep response analysis of an intervertebral hydrogel disc model in axial compression

A hydrogel intervertebral disc (lVD) model consisting of an inner nucleus core and an outer anulus ring was manufactured from 30 and 35% by weight Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H) concentrations and subjected to axial compression in between saturated porous endplates at 200 N for 11 h, 30 min. Repeat experiments (n = 4) on different samples (N = 2) show good reproducibility of fluid loss and axial deformation. An axisymmetric nonlinear poroelastic finite element model with variable permeability was developed using commercial finite element software to compare axial deformation and predicted fluid loss with experimental data. The FE predictions indicate differential fluid loss similar to that of biological IVDs, with the nucleus losing more water than the anulus, and there is overall good agreement between experimental and finite element predicted fluid loss. The stress distribution pattern indicates important similarities with the biological lVD that includes stress transference from the nucleus to the anulus upon sustained loading and renders it suitable as a model that can be used in future studies to better understand the role of fluid and stress in biological IVDs. (C) 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.

Rotary atomizer drop size distribution database

Wind tunnel measurements of drop Size distributions from Micronair A U4000 and A U5000 rotary atomizers were collected to develop a database for model use. The measurements varied tank mix, flow rate, air speed, and blade angle conditions, which were correlated by multiple regressions (average R-2 = 0.995 for A U4000 and 0.988 for AU5000). This database replaces an outdated set of rotary atomizer data measured in the 1980s by the USDA Forest Service and fills in a gap in data measured in the 1990s by the Spray Drift Task Force. Since current USDA Forest Service spray projects rely on rotary atomizers, the creation of the database (and its multiple regression interpolation) satisfies a need seen for ten years.

Rapid Atrophy of the Lumbar Multifidus Follows Experimental Disc or Nerve Root Injury.

Study Design. Experimental study of muscle changes after lumbar spinal injury. Objectives. To investigate effects of intervertebral disc and nerve root lesions on cross-sectional area, histology and chemistry of porcine lumbar multifidus. Summary of Background Data. The multifidus cross-sectional area is reduced in acute and chronic low back pain. Although chronic changes are widespread, acute changes at 1 segment are identified within days of injury. It is uncertain whether changes precede or follow injury, or what is the mechanism. Methods. The multifidus cross-sectional area was measured in 21 pigs from L1 to S1 with ultrasound before and 3 or 6 days after lesions: incision into L3 - L4 disc, medial branch transection of the L3 dorsal ramus, and a sham procedure. Samples from L3 to L5 were studied histologically and chemically. Results. The multifidus cross-sectional area was reduced at L4 ipsilateral to disc lesion but at L4 - L6 after nerve lesion. There was no change after sham or on the opposite side. Water and lactate were reduced bilaterally after disc lesion and ipsilateral to nerve lesion. Histology revealed enlargement of adipocytes and clustering of myofibers at multiple levels after disc and nerve lesions. Conclusions. These data resolve the controversy that the multifidus cross-sectional area reduces rapidly after lumbar injury. Changes after disc lesion affect 1 level with a different distribution to denervation. Such changes may be due to disuse following reflex inhibitory mechanisms.